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ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES

OF DESIGN

The Elements of Design

SPACE

Building structures and interiors consist of number of


spaces that are related by function , location and
circulation.
Space can be arranged in several basic ways to
define the specific functional and visual
requirements such as accessibility, privacy and
orientation.

The Elements of Design

SPACE

The Elements of Design


Interior Designer must considered
1- The size of over all design space.
2- The arrangement of objects within space.

The Elements of Design

Line

Straight
Curved

Vertical
Horizontal
Diagonal

represents stability
represents freedom, the natural, having
the appearance of softness
gives an impression of height
extends a space
represents action, activity

The Elements of Design

Line

The Elements of Design


Form and Shape

Shapes

Two dimensional
Made by connecting
lines
Circles, squares,
rectangles, triangles,
ovals and diamonds

The Elements of Design


Form and Shape
Forms
Three dimensional
Encloses space
Spheres, cylinders,
cones, cubes and
pyramids

The Elements of Design

Texture

The surface quality of an object or


item
Tactile
How the object feels to the touch
Can feel the variation in the surface

Visual
An illusion - how the object appears to
feel
Applied using line, color, & shading

The Elements of Design

Color & Light

The Principles of Design

Balance
Rhythm
Proportion and Scale
Emphasis
Harmony

BALANCE
A sense of equilibrium between parts of a
composition
- When establishing balance visual weight
created by size, color, texture and number of
objects must be considered.

TYPES OF BALANCE
SYMMETRICAL
Achieved by placing identical objects on
either side of a central point.

ASYMMETRICAL
Achieved by placing different objects of
equal visual weight on either side of a
central point.

TYPES OF BALANCE
Radial Balance

patterns arranged in a circular manner.

RHYTHM
Leads the eye from one point to
another, creates motion.

RHYTHM
Rhythm By Repetition
repeating shapes, colors, pattern, line, texture.

RHYTHM
Rhythm By Opposition
Rhythm created by lines at right
angles or contrasting colors or shapes.

RHYTHM
Rhythm By Transition
Rhythm created by curved lines that carry
your eye across a straight surface.

RHYTHM
Rhythm By Graduation

SCALE & PROPORTION


Scale relates to the size of a design in
relation to the height and width of the area
in which it is placed.
Proportion relates to the parts of the
object and how one part relates to another.
The creative use of color, texture, pattern, and
furniture arrangement can create illusions of
properly proportioned space.

SCALE & PROPORTION

Emphasis
Architectural features such as fireplaces or
decorative windows are often used as focal points.
Works of art and decorative accessories are often
emphasized in a design.

Harmony
There are 2 types of harmony.
- Unity
- Variety

Unity
Unity occurs when all the parts of a home or
room are related by one idea.

Variety
When two or more different elements of design are
used to add interest to a design.
Variety can be achieved by combining different
styles and materials, as long as they are compatible.

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