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1 (Solutions)
mathcity.org
Question # 1(i)
y = x 2 1 (i)
x = 3 & x = 3.02 3 = 0.02
2
y + y = ( x + x ) 1
y = ( x + x ) 1 x2 + 1
2
= ( x + x ) x2
Put x = 3 & x = 0.02
2
Question # 2(ii)
Do yourself as above
Question # 2(iii)
x 4 + y 2 = xy 2
Taking differential
d x 4 + d y 2 = d xy 2
( ) ( )
y = ( 3 + 0.02 ) (3) 2
4 x 3 dx + 2 ydy = x 2 ydy + y 2 dx
2 ydy 2 xydy = y 2 dx 4 x3 dx
y = 0.1204
2 y (1 x ) dy = y 2 4 x 3 dx
dy = 2 x dx
Put x = 3 & dx = x = 0.02
dy = 2 ( 3)( 0.02 )
&
dy = 0.12
Question # 1(ii)
Do yourself as above.
Question # 1(iii)
1
y = x = x 2 . (i)
x = 4 & x = 4.41 4 = 0.41
1
y + y = ( x + x)2
1
y = ( x + x)2 x2
Put x = 4 & x = 0.41
1
y = ( 4 + 0.41) 2 ( 4 ) 2
= 2.1 2
y = 0.1
1
1
2x 2
dx
( )
dy = 0.1025
Question # 2(i)
xy + x = 4
Taking differential on both sides
d ( xy ) + dx = d ( 4 )
xdy + ydx + dx = 0
xdy + ( y + 1) dx = 0
xdy = ( y + 1) dx
( )
dy
y +1
=
dx
x
dx
x
&
=
dy
y +1
dy
y 4x
=
dx
2 y (1 x )
2
2 y (1 x )
dx
=
dy
y 2 4 x3
Question # 2(iv)
xy ln x = c
Taking differential
d ( xy ) d ( ln x ) = d ( c )
1
xdy + ydx dx = 0
x
1
xdy = dx ydx
x
1
= y dx
x
1 xy
xdy =
dx
x
dy
1 xy
=
dx
x2
dx
x2
&
=
dy
1 xy
Question # 3(i)
Let
y = f ( x) = 4 x
where x = 16 and x = dx = 1
Taking differential of above
dy = d 4 x
( )
1
= d ( x)4
1 14 1
x dx
4
1 34
=
x dx
4
1
=
dx
3
4x 4
Put x = 16 and dx = 1
1
dy =
3 (1)
4 (16 ) 4
=
( )
4 2
3
4 4
1
= 0.03125
4 (8)
Now f ( x + dx ) y + dy
= f ( x) + dy
4
4
16 + 1
17
(2 )
1
4 4
Q y = f ( x)
16 + 0.03125
+ 0.03125
Now dy = d ( sin x )
= cos x dx
Put x = 60o and dx = x = 0.01745
dy = cos 60o ( 0.01745 )
Now
Question # 3(ii)
Let y = f ( x) = ( x )
Where x = 8 & x = dx = 0.2
Taking differential of above
dy = d ( x )3
1
( )
2
3 3
dx
( 0.2 )
3 2
1
( 0.2 )
3( 4)
= 0.01667
Now f ( x + x ) y + dy
= f ( x) + dy
1
3
(8 + 0.2 )
(8.02 )3 =
Question # 4
Let x be the length of side of cube where
x = 5 & x = 5.02 5 = 0.02
Assume V denotes the volume of the cube.
Then
V = x x x
3x 3
(8)
1
3
Q y = f ( x)
+ 0.01667
2 + 0.01667
= 2.01667
Question # 3(iii)
1
Let y = f ( x) = x 5
Where x = 32 & x = dx = 1
Try yourself as above.
Question # 3(iv)
Let y = f ( x ) = cos x
rad
180
= 0.01745 rad
Now dy = d ( cos x )
= sin x dx
Put x = 30o and dx = x = 0.01745
dy = sin 30o ( 0.01745 )
Now f ( x + x ) y + dy
= f ( x) + dy
cos ( 30 1) = cos 30o + 0.008725
cos 29o = 0.866 + 0.008725
= 0.8747
Question # 3(v)
Let y = f ( x) = sin x
rad
180
= 0.01745 rad
0.008725
= f ( x) + dy
sin ( 60 + 1) = sin 60o + 0.008725
1
3
1 2
= ( x ) 3 dx =
3
( 0.5 )( 0.01745 ) =
f ( x + x ) y + dy
=
= 2 + 0.03125 = 2.03125
= x3
Taking differential
dV = 3 x 2 dx
Put x = 5 & dx = x = 0.02
2
dV = 3 ( 5) ( 0.02 )
= 1.5
Hence increase in volume is 1.5 cubic unit.
Question # 5
Let x denotes diameter of a disc
Where x = 44 cm & x = 44.4 44 = 0.4
x
Then radius =
2
Let A denotes the area of the disc
2
Then A = ( radius )
x
2
= =
x
4
2
Taking differential
dA = d x 2
4
=
2 x dx =
x dx
4
2
Put x = 44 and dx = x = 0.4
dA =
( 44 )( 0.4 )
2
= ( 3.14 )( 22 )( 0.4 )
= 27.65
Hence change in area is 27.65 cm2
2
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