CATALYSTS and CATALYSIS

INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

Cabral, Daisy Anne

Garcia, Judith
Hernandez, Marianne
ChE 3201

Engr. Neres Ann Manguiat

Instructor

Scope of the Report

Definition of Catalyst
How Catalysts Work
Types of Catalytic Reactions
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Importance of Catalysis
Types of Catalysis
Types of Catalysts
Characteristics of Catalysts
Important Industrial Processes Using Catalysts
Choosing for a Good Catalyst for Industrial Processes

Synthesis of Detergent Powder

Procedure 1
Materials

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Castle soap
Washing Soda (Sodium carbonate)
Borax
Cheese grater
Essential oil
Big bowl
Spoon
Container

Instructions
Finely grate the bar of soap. Stand it in a bowl and use a cheese grater to crate the
entire bar. You can also put it in a food processor to grind it to a nice fine
consistency. When you're finished, no large chunks should remain; you want it fine

enough to mix with the other powders.

Mix two parts washing soda and two parts borax. Place them in a big bowl that you
won't be using for food purposes, and mix them well with a spoon.
Add one part grated soap. If you used 3 cups of washing soda and 3 cups of borax,
mix in 1 1/2 cups of grated soap
Add baking soda or essential oil. This is an optional step that you can choose if you
wish to personalize your detergent to meet your family's needs. Baking soda helps
freshen clothes that have heavy smells that need to be removed, and essential oils
add an extra scent that you might enjoy. A few drops will suffice.
Store the detergent in a sealed plastic container with a measuring cup. If you tend to
do extra large loads of laundry, plan on using 1/4 cup per load. For smaller loads,
use 1/8 cup.

Procedure 2
Materials

o Soap
(for
eco-friendly
biodegradable soap)
o Washing Soda
o Sieve or Cheesecloth
o White vinegar
o Table salt
o Large bowl
o Rasp or Cheese grater
o Water
o Whisk

washing

powder

use

Instructions
o

1
Fill a large bowl with 2/3 to 3/4 of a gallon of water. Hold a
cheese grater or rasp over the bowl and begin grating the soap
into the water, stirring to prevent the soap from sticking
together. Allow this mixture to sit for up to one week and whisk it
periodically to create a uniform consistency. This step liquefies
the soap.

2
Strain the soap and water mixture through a sieve or
cheesecloth, pressing any lumps with the back of a spoon to
force them through the sieve.

3
Add 1/2 cup of washing soda, 1 soupspoon-sized measure
of salt and 1 cup of vinegar to the mixture, whisking well.

4
Add enough water to the mixture to create a total of 2
gallons. Mix well, and you have your own eco-friendly and
inexpensive laundry detergent. To use, pour 1 cup of the
detergent into each load of laundry.