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IS 9677 (1980): Guide for limits of temperature-rise of the

windings of electrical equipment when tested by different
methods [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards]

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IS t 9677 - 1980

Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR
LIMITS OF TEMPERATURE-RISE OF THE
WINDINGS OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
WHEN TESTED BY DIFFERENT METHODS
Electrotechnical

Standards

Sectional

Committee,

Chairman

Representing

SHRI J. S. ZAVERI

Bharat Bijlee Ltd, Bombay

ETDC

Members
SHRI V. K. BATRA
SHRI T.L. BHATIA

National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi

Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department ( Ministry
of Communications
), New Delhi

SHRI J. M. NEOOY ( Altcrnnfc )

SHRI V. S. BHATIA
Low Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear Sectional
Committee, ETDC 57, IS1
Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
Biro N. DAYAL
COL K. V. KUDVA ( Alternate )
DIREOTORSTANDARDS ( ELEOTRI- Research
Designs
&
Standards
Organization,
( Ministry of Railways ), Lucknew
CAL)
Central
Electricity
Authority
( Department
of
DI~ECTOB ( TED )
Power ) ( Ministry of Energy ), New Delhi
DEPUTY DIBEOTOR ( TED ) ( Alfcrnatc )
Power Cables Sectional Committee, ETDC 59, ISI
SHRI M. L. DONQRE
Conductors and Accessories
for Overhead
Lines
SHRI R. D. J&IN
Sectional Committee, ETDC 60, IS1
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Bhopal
SHRI S. K. KA~LIWAL
SHRI PRAKASH SINGH ( Alternate )
National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI S. K. MUKHERJEE
SHRI B. MUKHOPADHYAY ( Alternatr )
Transformers Sectional Committee, ETDC 16, ISI
SHBI D. V. NARKE
Relays Sectional Committee, ETDC 35, ISI
SHBI N. NATE
High Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear Sectional
SHRI H. M. PAI
Committee, ETDC 58, IS1
Electrical Wiring Accessories Sectional Committee,
SHRI D. N. PURANDARE
ETDC 44, IS1
Rotating
Machinery
Sectional Committee,
ETDC
SHRI S. G. RAMAOHANDRA
15, ISI

( Confinucd on page 2 )

INDIAN

@ CopVrighl 1981
STANDARDS
INSTITUTION

This publication
is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS : 9677 - 1980
( Cenfinued from

page1 )

Members
SHRI V. L. SASTRY

Rejwcsanting
Electronics and Radar Development
Establishment
( Ministry of Defencc ), Bangalore

SHRI K.V. BEAT ( Ahrnotr )

Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta
DR S. M. SEN
Secondary Cells and Batteries Sectional Committee,
DB H. V. K. ~JDUPA
ETDC 11, IS1
Central Electrochemical Research Institute ( CSIR ),
SHBI H. N. VENKOBHA RAO
Karaikudi
SERI Y. MAHADEVA IYER ( Alternate )
Manufacturers
Association,
Indian
Electrical
SHBI M. P. WAQH
Bombay
SHRI S. D. M~HEKA~ ( Aftsrnafe )
Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&o Mcmbcr )
SHRI S. P. SACHDRV,
Director ( Elec tech ) ( Secretary )

IS : 9677 -

1980

Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR
\ LIMITS OF TEMPERATURE-RISE OF THE
WINDINGS OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
WHEN TESTED BY DIFFERENT METHODS

0.

FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian

Standard
was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 18 December
1980, after the draft finalized
by the Electrotechnical
Standards
Sectional
Committee
had been approved
by the Electrotechnical Division Council.

0.2 The safe and reliable operation of an electrical

equipment
is achieved by ensuring amongst
other things that under normal conditions
of
operation, the steady state temperature
of the equipment
is maintained
within the limits for which the electrical
insulation
is designed.
This
factor ultimately
decides the safe current ( rated current ) which can
pass through the equipment
without the temperature
of the insulation
exceeding the safe limits.
0.3 The temperature-rise
of the windings
in an electrical
equipment
depends on several factors such as the categories
of duty of the equipthe degree of exposure of the winding
ment; intermittent
or continuous,
to the atmosphere,
the enclosures
and their proximity,
conditions
of
ventilation,
cooling,
etc.
These factors make it necessary to specify the
permissible
limits of temperature-rise
of the windings
and a precise
method to ensure that temperature-rise
of the winding remains within
the safe limits.
0.4 This standard has been brought out with a view to provide guidance
on the limits of temperature-rise
of the windings when tested by different
resistance
and embedded
temperature
methods such as thermometer,
detectors.
0.5 The measurement
of temperature
of the winding
by using the
mercury-in-glass
thermometer
is not always reliable owing to features
such as contact surface available
and the accessibility.
The choice of
the method also depends on the accuracy
desired.
Also, while specifying
these values by thermometer
method, note is to be taken of the fact that
3

IS : 9677 - 1980
the method would not be able to take into account
the hot-spot temperature of winding.
In this standard,
guidance has been provided on
the limits of temperature-rise
measured
by the following three methods:
a)

Thermometer

method,

b) Resistance

method,

and

c) Embedded

temperature

detector

method.

NOTE - Embedded temperature detectors (E. T. D. ) arc resistance thermometers

or thermocouples
built into the equipment appropriately during construction
at
points which are inaccessible after the equipment is completed.

0.6 Even though it is observed that in most of the cases, while specifying
the requirements
relating to temperature-rise
of the electrical equipment,
the factors mentioned in this guide are taken care of, there are instances
where adequate
differentiation
of the limits by the three methods have
not been made.
Moreover,
the presumptions
that are to be valid
regarding hot spot temperature,
etc, are not clearly brought out in certain
cases.
It is felt that a common
standard
would provide
adequate
guidance
while specifving
the limits in the individual specifications
and,
It isr
would serve as a useful guide in case of any divergent
views.
however, not intended to enforce literally the provisions of this guide fos
the individual
specifications
and the relevant
Sectional
Committee
would be free to use the guide to the extent it is relevant.
0.7 While formulating
1958* has been used.

this standard,

information

contained

in IS : 1271-

0.8 While it is generally

desirable
not to exceed the limits specified in
IS : 1271-1958*,
due to special consideration,
not provided in this guide,
and dictated
by the needs of specific equipment
or specific design/
application
of same equipment,
more stringent
or liberal limits may be
imposed in the individual
specifications
along with a clarification
for the
same.
0.9 It is also recognized
that this phenomenon
of temperature-rise
is an
important criteria for parts other than windings of electrical
equipment,
such as contacts, terminals metallic
parts acting as springs, etc.
However, the recognized
method for temperature
rise in all such cases is the
contact thermometers.

0.10This standard

shall be read in conjunction

with IS

:9678-1980t.

*Classification of insulating materials for ekctrical machinery and apparatus

relation to their thermal stability in service.
tMcthods of measuring temperature-rise
of electrical equipment.
4

in

IS : 9677 - 1980
0.11 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of
this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance
with
The number of significant places retained in the rounded
IS : 2-1960*.
off value should be the same as that of the specified vaiue in this
standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies guidelines for the limits of temperature-rise
for windings in electrical equipment measured by the following methods:
a) Thermometer

method,

b) Resistance

method, and

c) Embedded

temperature

2. GENERAL

detector method.

CONSIDERATIONS

2.0 As indicated in 0.3, the temperature-rise

in a winding depends on
While all these factors are kept in view while laying
several factors.
down the limits for individual equipment, guidance on general considerations applicable for all cases is given below.
2.1 Reference Ambient Temperature
2.1.1 The limits of temperature-rise
are generally applicable, over a
reference ambient temperature and for the limits of altitude specified in
the individual standards.
2.1.2 Unless otherwise specified in the individual
standards,
the
standard reference ambient temperature for electrical equipment is 4OC,
at an altitude not exceeding 1 000 metres.
basis for arriving at the standard
NOTE -The
40% and the assumptions made are covered in IS

2.2 Methods of Measurement

reference ambient

: 9676-1980t.

temperature

of

of Temperature-Rise

2.2.1 The methods of measurement

of temperature-rise,
and
special precautions to be observed are covered in IS : 9678-1980$
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised 1.
$Rcference ambient temperature for electrical equipment.
fMethods of measuring temperature-rise
of electrical equipment.

the

IS : 9677 - 1980
2.2.2 The limits of temperature-rise
are specified in the individual
specifications in relation to the method most appropriate and suitable for
the winding under test.
While the rise in temperature is the difference
between the steady state temperature of the winding and the cooling
medium temperature, the limits shall have to be based on the particular
method which has been indicated.
2.2.3 In the thermometer method of measurement, the temperature is
determined by thermometers applied to the accessible surfaces of the
winding.
The term thermometer also includes non-embedded thermocouples and resistance-thermometers,
provided they are applied to the
points accessible to the usual bulb thermometers.
As, by this method,
only the temperature at the accessible surface is measured, the limits of
temperature-rise
specified for the hot-spot shall be lowered unless otherwise specified, by 15C, to account for the gradient allowance.
2.2.4 In the resistance method of measurement, the temperature-rise
of the windings is determined by the increase in the resistance of the
windings.
The change in the resistance of the winding corresponds to
average
temperature-rise
of the winding
and therefore
limits of
temperature-rise specified are 5C lower than the class of insulation to
compensate for hot-spots.
2.2.5 Embedded temperature
detector employs requisite number of
detectors built into the windings, suitably distributed
around the
winding.
The location of detectors are so chosen that the temperatures
someasured are indicative of the hot-spots in the winding.
Embedded
temperature detectors shall therefore be placed as far as possible at the
hot spot. Due to constructional constraints, if it is not possible to place
them at the hot spot, suitable allowance shall have to be made on the
limits of temperature measured.
NOTE - Unless otherwise specified, embedded
the resistance temperature detector type.

3. SPECIAL

temperature

detectors,

shall be of

CONSIDERATIONS

3.0 It is generally desired that the limits of temperature-rise

specified
be adhered
to, to the extent possible.
Actual application
of the
electrical equipment involves many varieties of cases, and more stringent
or liberal limits may be applicable departing from the values specified in
the individual specifications.
Suitable guidelines are hence provided in
the individual specifications of electrical equipment in order to cater to
such specific cases.
3.1 Operating
Altitude
- No adjustment in the limits of temperaturerise are required if the altitude does not exceed 1 000 metres. However,
for altitudes different from normal service altitude, allowances on the
limits shall be, as specified in the relevant specifications.
6