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1. Composition
Wood is a raw vegetable material.
It comes from trunks of trees and bushes.
Its composed of:
Cellulosed fibres
Lignin: it makes rigid and hard.
Vocabulary
screw: tornillo
nail: clavo
insulation: aislamiento
emit: arrojar
PARTS
Density
Electrical
insulation
Thermical
insulation
Characteristics
Wood is hard, but can be penetrated by objects such as screws or
nails.
Porosity
Wood can absorb or emit liquids or gases because it has tiny holes,
called pores.
Mechanical
resistance
pruning: poda
4. Sawing
chainsaws: motosierras
The logs are cut into planks or boards that are cut parallel
to the center of the log.
sawmill: aserradero
5. Drying
The wood is dried under pressure so that it doesnt warp
Dry wood last longer and is lighter*.
6. Planing
The wood is planed to make it smooth and flat. Also, it
gives a good finish.
TYPES OF WOOD
chain: cadena
rollers: rodillos
warp: deformarse
smooth: lisa
flat: plana
deciduous: de hoja caduca
resin: resina
Hardwood
Deciduous trees
They grow slowly and have thick trunks.
They contain little resin.
Many different colours.
Compact.
Resistant
*Be carefully, lighter can be used for mechero, ms ligero o ms claro! In this case, its the
second option.
Type
Beech
Characteristics Heavy and easy to
work with. Not
very resistant to
damp.
Uses
Furniture, floors,
chair, frames and
legs, handles,
toys, matches,
rods.
Oak
Heavy, very hard
and resistant.
beech: haya
oak: roble
damp: humedad
Solid furnitures,
doors, windows,
floors, parquets,
boats, barrels.
furniture: muebles
legs: patas
handles: manijas
matches: cerillas
Softwood
Conifers
They grow quickly and have clear annual rings.
The wood is resinous.
Light-coloured
Light (ligera) and easy to work.
Less resistant
rods: varillas
barrels: barriles
resinous: resinosa
light-coloured: de colores
claros
white fir: abeto blanco
Type
Characteristics
Uses
Pine
Resistant to
changes in
temperature.
Easy to work
with and
resinous.
Furniture, boats,
electricity
posts, floors.
White fir
Elastic, resinous
and not very
resistant to bad
weather
because it is
attacked by
fungus.
Building, boats,
simple
furniture,
carpentery,
boxes, paper.
fungus: hongos
electricity posts: torre de alta
tensin
wood chips: astillas
Advantages
Easy to work with.
Different sizes and finishes.
Not attacked by parasites.
More ecological because theyre made of letfovers.
Cheaper
Cellulose materials:
PAPER:
Wood is pulped and mixed with water and
chemical products to make cellulose paste.
This is compressed and rolled out by a
machine until it becomes a sheet of paper.
1. cut
2. remove the bark
3. grind the wood 4. make cellulose paste
5. wash and bleach 6. liquid paste
7. press with rollers 8. smooth with rollers
9. suction to remove water
10. dry without rollers 11. roll up and cut
lyre: arpa
CARDBOARD
It is made of two ways:
By hardening a thick sheet of paper paste.
By sticking a thick sheet of paper paste.
TISSUE PAPER
Very thin sheets of paper.
CARD:
More resistant than paper, but more flexible than cardboard.
CORK:
Its obtained from the bark of the cork oak every 9 years.
Its elastic, light (ligero), waterproof and it doesnt rot with humidity.
Its an excellent thermal and acoustic insulator.
Used for:
covering floors, ceilings and walls.
corks for bottles.
bulletin boards.
RUBBER:
Its comes from a tree called hevea brasiliens (rubber tree).
A cut is made in the bark and the latex is obtained.
The rubber is vulcanized to give hardness and resistance.
Its used to get processed rubber, waterproof coats or lyres.