MODULE 16: Acids and Bases

A.

Equation

1.

NaOH

HNO3

2.

KOH

H2SO4

3.

Mg

HCl

4.

CuCO3

HCl

5.

ZnCO3

H2SO4

6.

Fe(OH)2

H2SO4

7.

PbCO3

HNO3

8.

CuO

H2SO4

9,

Ba(OH)2

H2SO4

10.

CaCO3

HCl

B.

Dilution

1. 50 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution 0.2 mol dm-3 is diluted with 10 cm3 of distilled water.
Calculate the molarity of the solution produced.
0.1667 mol dm-3

2. 100 cm3 sodium nitrate solution 0.1 mol dm-3 is diluted with 50 cm3 of distilled water. Calculate
the molarity of the solution produced.
0.0667 mol dm-3

3. 100 cm3 copper (II) chloride solution 0.5 mol dm-3 is diluted with distilled water to produced a
solution with concentration of 0.2 mol dm-3. Calculate the volume of water added to the solution.
150 cm3

4. 25 cm3 zinc sulfate solution 0.25 mol dm-3 is diluted with distilled water to produce a solution with
concentration of 0.1 mol dm-3. Calculate the volume of water added to the solution.
37.5 cm3

5. 50 cm3 potassium nitrate solutions are diluted with 20 cm3 distilled water to produce a solution
with a concentration of 0.5 mol dm-3. Calculate the concentration of the original solution used.
0.7 mol dm-3

6. 400 cm3 magnesium chloride solutions are diluted with 100 cm3 distilled water to produce a
solution with a concentration of 0.2 mol dm-3. Calculate the concentration of the original solution
used.
0.25 mol dm-3

7. Lead (II) nitrate solution 0.5 mol dm-3 is diluted with 100 cm3 distilled water to produce a solution
with the concentration of 0.1 mol dm-3. Calculate the volume of solution used in the dilution.
25 cm3

8. Copper (II) sulfate solution 0.35M is diluted with 50 cm3 of distilled water to produce a solution
with the concentration of 0.1M. Calculate the volume of solution used in the dilution.
20 cm3

C.
1.

Calculation
NaOH

HCl

NaCl

H2O

In this reaction, 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide aqueous 0.2 mol dm-3 react completely with 25 cm3
of dilute hydrochloric acid. Find the molarity of acid used.
0.2 mol dm-3

2.

2NaOH

H2SO4

Na2SO4

2H2O

100 cm3 of sodium hydroxide aqueous 0.1 mol dm-3 react completely with 100 cm3 dilute
sulfuric acid. Find the molarity of sulfuric acid used in this reaction.
0.05 mol dm-3

3.

2HNO3

Cu(OH)2

Cu(NO3)2

2H2O

25 cm3 of dilute nitric acid react with 50 cm3 of copper (II) hydroxide aqueous 0.5 mol dm-3. Find
the molarity of acid used in this reaction.
2 mol dm-3

4.

2HCl

Zn(OH)2

ZnCl2

2H2O

Dilute acid hydrochloric 0.2 mol dm-3 react with 50 cm3 zinc hydroxide aqueous 0.1 mol dm-3.
Find the volume of hydrochloric acid used.
50 cm3

5.

H2SO4

Cu(OH)2

CuSO4

2H2O

100 cm3 dilute sulfuric acid 0.5 mol dm-3 react with copper (II) hydroxide aqueous 0.2 mol dm-3.
Find the volume of copper (II) hydroxide aqueous used in this reaction.
250 cm3

6.

Pb(OH)2

2HNO3

Pb(NO3)2

2H2O

250 cm3 of lead (II) hydroxide aqueous 0.2 mol dm-3 react completely with dilute nitric acid
0.1 mol dm -3. Find the volume of acid used in this reaction.
1000 cm3

Titration of Acid and Base

1. 20.0 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid 0.2 M is pour inside a conical flask. Add a few drops of universal
indicator to the solution. Then add potassium hydroxides slowly into the conical flask. 15.0 cm 3 of
potassium hydroxide solution needed to exactly neutralise the sulphuric acid.
(a) Draw a labeled figure to shows the apparatus used in this titration experiment.

(b) Name an apparatus used to measure exactly 20.0 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid 0.2 M.
(c) Reactions happen in the conical flask between sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide
solution.
(i)
Name this reaction.
(ii)

Write a balance chemical equation of the reaction.

(iii)

Write an ionic equation for this reaction.

(d) State the changes of color of the solution inside the conical flask when it reaches the end
point.
(e) How can you determine that the alkaline added to the acid is already excessive?

(f) (i) Calculate the number of mole for the sulphuric acid.

(ii) Calculate the concentration of potassium hydroxide in mol dm-3 used in this experiment.

2. An experiment is conducted to determine the concentration of sulfuric acid using the titration with
sodium hydroxide solution 0.5 mol dm -3. Pour sodium hydroxide solutions inside a burette and
sulfuric acid of 25 cm3 are poured inside a conical flask. 3 drops of universal indicator are added
to the conical flask. Titration is started by taking the reading of the burette. Small quantities of
sodium hydroxide are added until there is a changing of color in the conical flask. Repeat the
experiment for three times and the readings are recorded as in table below.
Experiment

Early Readings /
cm3

End Readings /
cm3

0.0

12.3

12.5

25.0

25.0

37.4

Volume of sodium
hydroxide / cm3

(a)

Give the definition of weak acid and give one example

(b)

Name this reaction.

(c)

Give one chemical properties of acid other than the reaction in question (b).

(d)

Name an apparatus used to measure exact volume of sulfuric acid.

(e)

State the changing of color in the conical flask while doing the experiment.

(f)

Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

(g)

Draw a figure to shows apparatus used in this experiment.

(h)

(i) Fill the table above and find the average volume of sodium hydroxide
used.
(ii) Find the number of mole for sodium hydroxide.

(iii) From question (h) (ii), calculate the concentration of sulfuric acid used.

(i)

Why does the conical flask always have to be shaking while doing the
experiment?

(j)

Dilute sulfuric acid are pour inside a test tube and add 8 g of calcium
carbonate to the test tube. Pass the gas released through another test tube fill with limewater.
[Relative atomic mass; Ca, 40; C, 12; O, 16; 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room
temperature]
(i) Draw a figure to shows an apparatus used in the experiment.

(ii) State two observations while doing the experiment.

(iii) Write a balance chemical equation for this reaction.

(iv) Find the volume of gas released at room temperature in this experiment.