Socialization - the act of adapting

behavior to the norms of culture or

society.

through interactions with other

people.

Functions of Socialization

Types of Socialization

It transmits cultural heritage

It makes individual a functional
and useful member of a group
It is a means of social control.

Social self
view of ourselves
learned from the
group

Deliberate or conscious
- Compulsory, involuntary,
imitation (e.g school)
Non-deliberate or unplanned
- Voluntary, observation,
imitation

Erving Goffman believe that

meaning is constructed through
interaction.
- Dramaturgy
focuses on how
individuals take on
rules and act them
out.

Stages of Socialization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Primary basic skills, attitudes

Developmental achievement
Anticipatory future
Desocialization Drugs
Resocializtion Military,
discipline
- Voluntary
- Involuntary
- Brainwashing

Factors that influence

Socialization
-

Geographical
Cultural
Social

Theories of Socialization

Emile Durkheim believes that

education transmits societys
norms and values.
Charles Cooley - Significant
others or Social Mirrors
George Mead believe that
people develop self-images

2 Phases
Me (nurture)
I (nature)

Sigmund Freud - believed that

basic biological instincts
combine with societal factors to
shape personalities.
Id completely unconscious,
impulsive, child-like portion
Ego acts accordingly to the
reality principle.
Super ego aims for
perfection.

Social Status
Ascribed
Achieved

Social Role
Factional

Deviance describes an action or

behavior that violates social norms.
Factors of Deviance

Provides the opportunity for

society to collectively express

its moral outrage against

deviant.
Bring social change.

Sanctions penalties and rewards for

conduct concerning social norm.

Reclusion Perpetua capital

punishment. 20 years and 1 day
to 40 years.
Conformity the act of going
along with peers.
Obedience compliance with
higher authorities

Social Control techniques and

strategies for preventing deviant
human behavior in nay society.
Types of Social Control

Informal Social Control

used casually to enforce norms.
Formal Social Control
carried out by authorized
agents like the government.

Tolerance Limits amount of deviant

behavior that groups and societies will
tolerate or allow.

Factors of Deviance

Audience (e.g suicide)

Time Female reproduction
and family life
- Male Production and
Politics

Social Status
Situation Context

Theories of Deviance

Anomie Theory societal

condition which block a person

from achieving a socially

defined goals.
Types of Deviant adaptation
1. Innovator accepts both
culturally approved goals but
disregard the institutionalized
means to achieve them.
2. Ritualist individual who lost
sight of his goals altogether.
3. Retreatist individual who
simply give up any hope of
achieving the goals set out by
society.
4. Rebel individual who wants to
change the structure of society
by challenging the system.
Types of Suicide
1. Less Solidarity depression
EGOISTIC
2. Strong Solidarity altruism
ALTRUISTIC
3. Social Control hopelessness
FATALISTIC
4. Less Control insecurity
ANOMIC

Labeling Theory Stigma

an attribute that is deeply
discrediting
Conflict Theory inequality;
lack of power
Control Theory

Race refers to groups of people who

have differences and similarities in
biological traits deemed by society to
be socially significant.
Racism extreme ethnocentrism
Ethnicity refers to shared cultural
practices, perspectives; and

distinctions that set apart one group of

people from another.
Prejudice is an unjustified or
incorrect attitude towards an
individual.

Attitudinal
Institutional

Theories of Prejudice

Scapegoating occurs when an

individual (group) projects and
blames their own inadequacies
or problems to another group.