Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
TM51151EN04GLA1
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
10
LTE/EPS Overview
LTE Drivers:
1. Wireline technologies keep improving, a similar evolution is required in the
wireless domain to make sure that the applications run smoothly independently
of the access network.
2. More capacity demanded
3. Operator cost must be reduced to maintain profitability when flat rate services
are offered.
4. Other wireless technologies competing with LTE (i.e. WiMAX promising high
data capabilities)
TM51151EN04GLA1
11
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
12
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
13
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
14
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
15
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
16
LTE/EPS Overview
Following settings and requirements apply when obtaining LTE max bit rate in
Downlink:
64QAM modulation
The bit rate refers to User plane only, meaning that it is already excluded:
Following settings and requirements apply when obtaining LTE max bit rate in
Uplink:
TM51151EN04GLA1
17
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
18
LTE/EPS Overview
Scalability of bandwidth
Urban areas:
Rural areas:
TM51151EN04GLA1
19
LTE/EPS Overview
Reference:
- HSPA R6 and LTE R8 from 3GPP R1-071960
- HSPA R6 equalizer from 3GPP R1-063335
- HSPA R7 and WiMAX from NSN/Nokia simulations
TM51151EN04GLA1
20
LTE/EPS Overview
Flat architecture.
Increased spectral efficiency > bits per Hz per cell for LTE (2X2 MIMO) ~
1.7
Reuse of spectrum > Refarming of existing 900 MHz band in rural areas
possible. For urban larger bandwidth expected in 2.6 GHz.
TM51151EN04GLA1
21
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
22
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
23
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
24
LTE/EPS Overview
First LTE Workshop took place in Canada in November 2004, where the LTE
work was started as a study in the 3GPP. First set of requirements was
presented, together with proposals for technology selection. Both vendors and
operators contributed to the workshop.
OFDMA and SCFDMA multiple access selection for Downlink and Uplink
respectively was close by the end of 2005
The study item was closed in September 2006, and detailed work item started to
make LTE part of the 3GPP Release 8 Specification.
In December 2008, the Rel-8 specification was frozen for new features, meaning
only essential clarifications and corrections were permitted.
TM51151EN04GLA1
25
LTE/EPS Overview
March 2009 the ASN.1 code was frozen, starting backwards compatibility; it
defines the first version of the protocol that can be used as the baseline to
develop the commercial implementation. (The Rel-8 standard was complete
enough that hardware designers had been designing chipsets, test equipment,
and base stations for some time) Specification deep freeze: any changes in the
specs are not allowed. Typically the system is commercial, its key functionalities
are running. Potential improvement will come only as part of a new release.
LTE standards development continues with 3GPP Release 9, which was frozen
in December 2009. Including among other topics:
Network Sharing
Updates to all 3GPP specifications are made every quarter and can be found at
the 3GPP web site.
TM51151EN04GLA1
26
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
27
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
28
LTE/EPS Overview
The PS Core Network is streamlined by separating the control plane and the
user plane.
TM51151EN04GLA1
29
LTE/EPS Overview
Node B functionalities:
Mobility Management
Header Compression
Packet Retransmission
TM51151EN04GLA1
30
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
31
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
32
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
33
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
34
LTE/EPS Overview
More details on LTE Radio Interface Key Features coming on LTE Air interface basics
section in this chapter.
TM51151EN04GLA1
35
LTE/EPS Overview
This will make radio management faster and hopefully the network architecture simpler
IP transport layer
Evolved Node B handles all physical resource via a scheduler and assigns them
dynamically to users and channels
QoS awareness
The scheduler must handle and distinguish different quality of service classes
Self configuration
TM51151EN04GLA1
36
LTE/EPS Overview
QoS awareness
The scheduler must handle and distinguish different quality of service classes
The EPC can be based either on 3GPP GTP protocols (similar to PS domain in
UMTS/GPRS) or on IETF Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
Non-3GPP access
The EPC will be prepared also to be used by non-3GPP access networks (e.g.
LAN, WLAN, WiMAX, etc.)
This will provide true convergence of different packet radio access system
TM51151EN04GLA1
37
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
38
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
39
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
40
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
41
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
42
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
43
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
44
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
45
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
46
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
47
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
48
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
49
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
50
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
51
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
52
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
53
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
54
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
55
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
56
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
57
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
58
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
59
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
60
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
61
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
62
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
63
LTE/EPS Overview
TM51151EN04GLA1
64
LTE/EPS Overview
UMTS: high number of essentials and many IPR holders, very aggressive licensing
policy (Qualcomm) by holders without product business, no effective IPR regulation
(forming licensing pools) in place
LTE /SAE: also many patents and IPR holders, but aggressive ones are not so dominant,
most patents hold by infrastructure & terminal vendors, increased IPR awareness
/lessons learned from 3G), additional IPR regulations planed via NGNMN (early
declaration of IPR licensing fees, forming licensing pools possible)
WIMAX: nearly same number of patents and patent holders as for LTE, but many of
them will not provide Wimax products, expectation of aggressive licensing (Qualcomm,
Wi-Lan), licensing pool initiated by INTEL up till now not successful, slightly lower
number of essential patents expected than for LTE
Economy of scale:
UMTS/HSPA: designed for evolution of GSM networks, therefore new terminals will
contain UMTS/HSPDA too leverage of GSM footprint, same is for Basestations (site
and component sharing) /and Core network entities
Wimax: mainly driven from Notebook market (INTEL Chipsets will include WIMAX),i.e.
datacards. dedicated handsets expected to follow, but extend unclear (probably
technically more difficult due to shorter battery lifetimes)
LTE: GSM and UMTS network footprint can be leveraged. High terminal volumes can be
expected (GSM/UMTS/LTE multimode terminals from beginning), also platform sharing
in Basestations.
TM51151EN04GLA1
65
LTE/EPS Overview
UMTS/HSPA: paired spectrum assign in 2GHz band in many regions, in Europe partly
high costs due to auctions, continuous 5MHz bandwith required
Wimax: currently suited for TDD spectrum, in 3,5 Ghz band and in some regions
probably also in 2,5 Ghz band as well as in unlicensed bands, more cost intensive due
to 3,5 Ghz band
LTE: planned for 2,6 Ghz band (W-Cdma extension bands) and refarming of GSM
frequency bands (scalable bandwitdth)
Terminal variety:
Wimax: currently starting with datacards of Notebooks only, but terminals planned,
unsure how many terminals vendors will provide Wimax terminal, especially which
multimode capabilities exist
LTE: as evolution of GSM and UMTS network a wide variety of terminals can be
expected, probably most of them supporting GSM/UMTS as well
Voice performance:
LTE: VoIP only, but lowest latency in Air-I/F and network due to flat architecture and
QoS mechanism, at the beginning also directing of voice traffic to GSM/UMTS overlay
network possible
LTE: highest data performance up to 160 Mbit/s (DL) and 50 Mbit/s UL, high spectral
efficiency
Lean Architecture:
TM51151EN04GLA1
66