E GMAT Number Properties

Number Properties I
QUANT LIVE SESSION
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Session Layout
2
3
Even-Odd
Concept
Concept
Test
GMAT
700+ Q
Primes
Concept
Concept
Test
GMAT
700+ Q
LCM-GCD
Concept
Concept
Test
GMAT
700+ Q
Part 1
EVEN-ODD NUMBERS
Even Odd Numbers - Properties
Properties
Every EVEN number can be represented as 2n, where n is an integer
Every ODD number can be represented as 2n+1, where n is an integer
Basic Properties:
2+4=6
82=6
1+3=4
1 3 = -2
23=6
2+3=5
2 - 3 = -1
24=8
Even * Odd = Even
Odd * Odd = Odd
6=23
8=24
3=21+1
5=22+1
7=23+1
9=24+1
(Even)n +/- (Even)n = Even +/- Even = Even
(Odd)n +/- (Odd)n = Odd +/- Odd = Even
Odd +/- Odd = Even

Even * Even = Even
4=22
Derived Properties:
Even +/- Even = Even

Even +/- Odd = Odd
2=21
(Even)n +/- (Odd)n = Even +/- Odd = Odd

(Even)2 = (2n)2 = 4n2
3 5 = 15
Divisible by 4
Test your Understanding
A, B, C, D are consecutive integers > 1. Then

1. A2 + B2 = (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)
Answer:
Consecutive => One Even, the other odd
A2 + B2 = Even2 + Odd2
Even + Odd
Odd
2. A2 + B2 + C2= (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)

Answer:
Consecutive => (Even, Odd, Even) OR (Odd, Even, Odd)
A2 + B2 + C2 = (Even2 + Odd2 + Even2) OR (Odd2 + Even2 + Odd2)
A2 + B2 + C2 = (Even + Odd + Even) OR (Odd + Even + Odd)
A2 + B2 + C2 = Odd OR Even
Cannot Determine
3. A2 + B3 + C3= (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)

Answer: Cannot determine
Question = MCQ question,
Answer choices: Even, Odd, Cannot be determined
Test your Understanding
A, B, C, D are consecutive integers > 1. Then
4. B7 - D7 = (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)

Answer:
Consecutive => (Even, Odd, Even, Odd)
OR
(Odd, Even, Odd, Even)
B7 - D7 = (Odd2 - Odd2) OR (Even2 - Even2)
B7 - D7 = (Odd - Odd) OR (Even - Even)
B7 - D7 = Even
5.
A2 + B2 + C2 + D2 = (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)

Answer: Even
2 Odd numbers + 2 Even numbers = Even
Even

Answer choices: Even, Odd, Cannot be determined
Apply in GMAT Context: Question 1
Is an bn odd, if a, b, and n are positive integers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1.
a and b are squares of consecutive natural numbers
2.
a2 + b2 is odd
Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Data Sufficiency Question Solving Process

1.
a and b are squares of consecutive natural numbers
2.
a2 + b2 is odd
Step 1: Understand the question

Step 2: Draw Inferences
Step 3: Analyze Statement 1 independently
Step 4: Analyze Statement 2 independently
Step 5: Analyze both Statements together
Question 1 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - Is an bn odd, if a and b are positive integers?

Given
To find
1.
a, b, n > 0
Is an bn odd?
2.
a, b, n are integers
One of them is odd and the other is even
an bn odd Even
an
bn
Odd
Power does not change the

even/odd nature of a number
(Even)n = Even
(Odd)n = Odd
Is an bn odd?
Is only one of a or b odd?
Question 1 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently

Is an bn odd?
a, b integers >0

Statement 1 - a and b are squares of consecutive natural numbers
Consecutive natural numbers

{a, b}
If P is even
P2 is even
P, P+1
P2, (P+1)2
If P is odd
P+1 is odd
(P+1)2 is odd
P2 is odd
Each case is an even-odd pair
Answers the question YES! Only one of a or b is odd

Statement 1 is sufficient
P+1 is even
(P+1)2 is even

Is an bn odd?
a, b integers >0

Statement 2 - a2 + b2 is odd
a
a2
b2
a2 + b2
Even Even
Even Even
Even
Even Even
Odd
Odd
Odd
Odd
Even Even
Odd
Odd
Odd
Odd
Even
Odd
Odd
(a,b) is an even-odd pair

Correct answer = Choice D = Either statement is sufficient to answer the question
If P = k3 k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
1. k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers

2. (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Question Statement - If P = k3 k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?

?
Given
To find
P = k3 k
If P is divisible by 4.
= k(k2-1)
= k(k-1)(k+1)
= (k-1) k(k+1) = Product of 3 consecutive integers
Case 1
k: odd
(k-1) : even
(k+1) : even
Case 2
k: even
(k-1) : odd
(k+1) : odd
=2m
product has 4
P is divisible by 4 if either
1. k is odd or
2. k is even & k is divisible by 4
P always divisible by 4
=2m + 2
=2m
product has 2
P may or may not

be divisible by 4
P divisible by 4
if
k is divisible by 4

P = (k-1) k(k+1)
Is P is divisible by 4?
Statement 1: k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers
k = (10x)n + 54
= 2n (5x)n + 54
even + odd
k is odd
Answers the question P is divisible by 4
1. k is odd or

P = (k-1) k(k+1)
1. k is odd or
Statement 2: (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2
(2n + 1) k is odd
odd odd
k is odd
If P = k3 k2, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
1. k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers and n > 1.

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Question 2 vs. 3
Q3
If P = k3 k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?

1. k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers
Q4
If P = k3 k2, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
1. k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers and n > 1.

Question Statement - If P = k3 k2, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
Given
To find
P = k3 k2
If P is divisible by 4.
= k2(k-1)
1. k is even or
2. k is odd & k-1 is divisible by 4
Case 1
k: odd
k2: odd
(k-1) : even
Case 2
k: even
k2: even
(k-1) : odd
product has 2
=2n
P may or may not

be divisible by 4
=2n
=(2n)2
product has 4
P always divisible by 4
P divisible by 4
if
(k-1) is divisible by 4

P = k2(k-1)
1. k is even or
Statement 1: k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers and n>1
k = (10x)n + 54
= 2n (5x)n + 54
even + odd
k is odd
Is k 1 divisible by 4?
k 1 = (10x)n + 54 - 1
n>1
(k-1) is divisible by 4
n 2 = 100xn + 625 - 1
Tens and units digit = 24

P = k2(k-1)
1. k is even or
Statement 2: (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer.
(2n + 1) k is odd
odd odd
k is odd
Dont know if k-1 is divisible by 4
Does not answer the question P is divisible by 4
Statement 2 is NOT sufficient
Correct answer = Choice A = Statement 1 is sufficient but statement 2 is not
Part 2
PRIMES
Prime Number & Factors
Basic Properties
2 is the smallest Prime number
1.
A prime number is a positive integer that has

exactly two different positive factors, 1 and
itself. Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7 . . .
2 is the only even Prime number

2 and 3 are the only consecutive numbers
that are prime
2.
V/S
0 and 1
are neither Prime nor Composite.
Consecutive prime numbers
--- Do not have TWO different positive factors
3.
Every positive integer K can be expressed as K

= P1m P2n P3r , where P1, P2, P3 are
prime factors and m, n , r are non-negative
integers
4 = 22
12 = 22 3
6 = 2 3
18= 2 32
8 = 23
1000 = 23 53
10 = 2 5
2400 = 25 3 52
Prime Factorization
Prime Number & Factors
K = P 1 m P2 n P3 r . . .
where P1, P2, P3 are prime factors and m, n , r

are non-negative integers
Total
Factors
Prime
Factors
Kn will have the same prime factors as K

Eg: 62 & 6 have the same
prime factors: 2 and 3
PnKm will have the same prime factors as K,

if P is a prime factor of K
Eg: 23 * 62 have the same prime factors as 6: 2 and 3
Total number of factors = (m+1) (n +1)(r+1) . . .
Possible powers of P1 in a factor: P10, P11, P12 . . . P1m

(m+1) values
Possible powers of P2 in a factor: P20, P21, P22 . . . P2n
(n+1) values
Possible powers of P3 in a factor: P30, P31, P32 . . . P3r
(r+1) values
Prime Number & Factors Test your Understanding
K = P 1 m P2 n P3 r . . .
where P1, P2, P3 are prime factors and m, n , r

are non-negative integers
Total number of factors = (m+1) (n +1)(r+1) . . .

Q: How many prime factors does K have if the total number of factors of K is:
a. 1
K=1
b. 2
K = P1
c. 3
K = P12
d. 4
K = P1 P2
e. 5
K = P14
f. 6
K = P12 P2
g. 7
K = P16
A perfect square will

have an odd number
of factors
Factors/Prime Factors- Test your Understanding
Question 1
Question 3
If X has 3 prime factors and 8 total

factors, then how many prime factors
will Xn have? (FIB)
If X has 3 prime factors and 8 total

factors, then how many factors will Xn
have? (FIB)
Kn will have the same
Answer 3
X = P1 P2 P3
prime factors as K
Xn = P1n P2n P3n
Answer (n+1)3
Question 2
Question 4
If K is a factor of positive integer X that

has 3 Prime factors and 8 total factors,
then how Prime factors does K2 Xn
have?
If K is a factor of positive integer X that

has 8 total factors, then how Prime
factors does K2 Xn have?
X = P1 P2 P3
Answer 3
X = P1 P2 P3
or
X = P17
Answer Cannot Determine
or
X = P13 P2
Even- Odd Question 1

1.
a and b are squares of

consecutive natural numbers
2.
a2 + b2 is odd
1.
a and b are squares of consecutive prime numbers
2.
a2 + b2 is odd
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Is an bn odd?
Statement 1 - a and b are squares of consecutive prime numbers
Squares
From Even- Odd Question 1
2, 3, 5, 7
4, 9, 25, 49
Consecutive natural numbers
{a, b} {4, 9} {9, 25} {25, 49}

even-odd
odd-odd
{a, b}
If P is even
P2 is even
Two possible scenarios as shown
P+1 is odd
(P+1)2 is odd
P, P+1
{P2, (P+1)2}
If P is odd
P2 is odd
P+1 is even
(P+1)2 is even
Each case is an even-odd pair
Cannot answer the question is only one of a or b odd?


Choice B
Understanding Information Given in the question is very critical.

Choice D
Is an bn + cn + dn odd, if a, b, c, and d are positive integers >1?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1.
a, b, c, and d are squares of consecutive prime numbers
2.
a4 when divided by 200 has the quotient 1
Question Statement - Is an bn + cn + dn odd, if a, b, c, and d are positive integers >1?

Given
To find
1.
a, b, c, and d > 1
Is an bn + cn + dn odd?
2.
a, b, c, and d are integers

a b c d = e or o?
Power does not change the

even/odd nature of a
number
(Even)n = Even
(Odd)n = Odd
eeee=e
oooo=e
eeoo=e
eooo=o
eeeo=o
Is 1 or are 3 of the
4 numbers odd?
An expression with sum or difference of integers is odd if odd number of terms are odd.
a, b, c, and d > 1
Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?

Statement 1 - a, b, c, and d are squares of consecutive prime numbers

Squares
{a, b, c, d}
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13
4, 9, 25, 49, 121, 169
{4, 9, 25, 49} {9, 25, 49, 121}
e, o, o, o
o, o, o, o
{25, 49, 121, 169}

o, o, o, o
Does not answer the question the expression can be either even or odd
Statement 1 is not sufficient
a, b, c, and d > 1

Statement 2 a4 when divided by 200 has the quotient 1
a4/200 has quotient 1

200 < a4 < 400
a1
a=2
a4 = 16
a=3
a4 = 81
a=4
a4 = 256
a=5
a4 = 625
a=4
But we dont know if b, c, and d are odd or even
Does not answer the question the expression can be either even or odd
Question 2 Step 5 Analyze Statements 1 & 2 Together
a, b, c, and d > 1

Statements 1& 2
Statement 1
{a, b, c, d}
{4, 9, 25, 49} {9, 25, 49, 121}

e, o, o, o
Statement 2
o, o, o, o
{25, 49, 121, 169}

o, o, o, o
{a, b, c, d} = {4, 9, 25, 49}

e, o, o, o
a=4
3 of the numbers are odd
Answers the question
Both together are sufficient

Correct answer = Choice C = Both together are sufficient
What is the remainder when b is divided by a, if a and b are consecutive

perfect squares and b is greater than a?
1.
Both a and b are squares of prime numbers.
2.
Both a and b have 3 positive factors.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Question Statement - What is the remainder when b is divided by a, if a and b are consecutive perfect squares
and b is greater than a?
?Given
To find
1.
b>a
2.
a and b are consecutive perfect squares
Remainder of b/a = ?
Consecutive numbers
Squares
{a, b}
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Need to know values of b and a
1, 4, 9, 16, 25
{1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}

a, b are consecutive squares
{a, b}
= {1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}
Need to know values of a and b
Statement 1 - Both a and b are squares of prime numbers.
Prime numbers
Per question {a, b}
2, 3, 5, 7
Squares of prime numbers
that are consecutive
squares of consecutive numbers
{2,3}
Values of a, b known
Answers the question remainder can be calculated

a, b are consecutive squares

{a, b}
= {1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}
Need to know values of a and b
Statement 2 - Both a and b have 3 positive factors.

a = P12m P22n
Total number of factors of a = (2m+1)(2n+1)
{2, 3} are the only consecutive numbers that are prime
3 = (2m+1)(2n+1)
(2x1+1)(2x0+1) = (2m+1)(2n+1)
{a, b} = {4, 9}
m = 1; n . . . = 0
a = P12
Values of a, b known
a is square of a prime number
Answers the question remainder can be calculated
Similarly b is square of a prime number

b=
P12r + P22s +
Square of prime
number has 3 factors
How many distinct prime factors does Q have, if Q is a perfect square of a

positive integer?
1. Q is odd and 8Q8 has four distinct prime factors
2. 8Q and Q2 do not have the same set of prime factors
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Question Statement - How many distinct prime factors does Q have, if Q is a perfect square of a positive
integer?
? Given
To find
Q is a perfect square of a positive integer
Number of prime factors of Q
Q = (Q)2
NOT Total number of factors!
Q is a positive integer
Number of Prime Factors of Q
(Q)2 will have the same prime factors as Q

# of Prime factors of Q
Statement 1: Q is odd and 8Q8 has four distinct prime factors

8Q8 = 23Q8
Prime factors of 8Q8 = 2, Prime factors of Q8
4

Prime factors of Q
If Q were even
Q is odd
2 is a prime factor of Q
Odd
Answers the question Q has 3 distinct prime factors

Q has 4 prime factors

Statement 2: 8Q and Q2 do not have the same set of prime factors

8Q = 23Q
Prime factors of 8Q
= 2, Prime factors of Q
Xn has the same prime factors as X
Prime factors of Q2
Odd
Q is odd
How Many?
Correct answer = Choice A = Statement 1 is sufficient but statement 2 is not
Question 4 ERROR ALERT!!!

Statement 1
Prime factors of 8Q8
Statement 2
8Q = 23Q
= 2, Prime factors of Q8
Prime factors of 8Q
Prime factors of Q
Prime factors of Q2
Odd
Odd
3
How Many?
IF STATEMENT II IS NOT DECOUPLED FROM STATEMENT 1

You may assume that there are 4 factors of 8Q
And you may consider Statement 2 to be sufficient as well

Answer = Choice D = Either statement is sufficient to answer the question
Q is odd
How many distinct factors does Q have, if Q is a perfect square of a positive

integer?
1. Q is odd and 8Q8 has four distinct prime factors
2. 8Q and Q2 do not have the same set of prime factors
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Question Statement - How many distinct factors does Q have, if Q is a perfect square of a positive integer?
Given
To find
Q is a perfect square of a positive integer
Number of distinct factors of Q
Each prime factor of Q has even power
(m+1)(n+1)(q+1)
Q = P12m P22n P32q . . .
Q = P1m P2n P3q . . .
Where P1 , P2 , P3 . . . are prime numbers

m, n, q . . . are positive integers
Total number of factors of Q = (2m+1)(2n+1)(2q+1)

Q = P12m P22n P32q . . .
(m+1)(n+1)(q+1) . . .
# of factors of Q
Statement 1: Q is odd and 8Q8 has four distinct prime factors

8Q8 = 23Q8
Prime factors of 8Q8 = 2, Prime factors of Q8
1
Prime factors of Q
Q is odd
2
Odd
Q = P12m P22n P32q
m, n, q


Q = P12m P22n P32q . . .
# of factors of Q
Statement 2: 8Q and Q2 do not have the same set of prime factors

8Q = 23Q
Prime factors of 8Q
Prime factors of Q2
Odd
Q is odd
How Many?
What powers?
(m+1)(n+1)(q+1) . . .
Question 5 Step 5 Analyze Statements 1 & 2 Together

Q = P12m P22n P32q . . .
# of factors of Q
Statements 1& 2
Statement 1
Q = P12m P22n P32q
3 prime factors, all odd
P1 P2 P3 2
m, n, q
Statement 2
Q is odd
Statement 1 + 2 are NOT sufficient
Correct answer = Choice E = Both together are not sufficient
(m+1)(n+1)(q+1) . . .
Part 3
LCM AND GCD
Concept Slide on GCD and LCM
40 98
GREATEST COMMON DENOMINATOR

1. Find the prime factors of the given numbers
40 = 2 2 2 5
40 = 2 2 2 5
2. Write the prime factors in exponential form

98 = 2 72
4. Multiply the numbers from 3.

GCD
21 50 70 = 2
98 = 2 7 7
2. Write the prime factors in exponential form

40 = 23 5
3. Pick the SMALLEST power of each prime factor

1
LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE

1. Find the prime factors of the given numbers
98 = 2 7 7
40 = 23 5
LCM
GCD
98 = 2 72
3. Pick the GREATEST power of each prime factor
4. Multiply the numbers from 3.

LCM
2 3 51 72
GCD - Test your Understanding

Question 1
If GCD of two numbers (both integers, greater than 1)
is 1, then which of the following can be true?
Question 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
They are prime.

They are consecutive.
They do not have a common prime factor
They do not have a common factor other than 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
They are prime.

They are consecutive.
They do not have a common prime factor
They do not have a common factor other than 1
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Only 1
Only 2
Only 3 and 4
Only 2 and 3
1, 2, 3 and 4
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Only 1
Only 2
Only 3 and 4
Only 1 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer V 1,2,3,4
If GCD of two numbers (both integers, greater than 1)

is 1, then which of the following must be true?
Answer III Only 3 and 4

Answer choices: A, B, C, D, E
LCM - Test your Understanding

Question 1 (MAQ)
Question 2
If the LCM of two integers a, b (where b> a

and a>1) is b, then which of the following
can be true?
If the LCM of two integers a, b (where b> a

and a>1) is a*b, then which of the following
can be true?
1. Both a and b can be Prime Numbers.

2. Both a and b can be consecutive integers.
3. All prime factors of a must be prime
factors of b.
4. All prime factors of b must be prime
factors of a.
5. b must be a multiple of a.
Answer: Only #3 and #5
(MAQ)
1. Both a and b can be Prime Numbers.

2. Both a and b can be consecutive integers.
3. All Prime factors of a must be Prime
factors of b.
4. a and b do not share any Prime factors.
5. a and b do not have a common factor
Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5
LCM- Test your Understanding

Question 3
If the LCM of two integers a, b where b> a and a>1 is a*b/5, then what is the GCD of a & b?
Answer: 5, property used a*b = LCM * GCD
Question 4
How prime factors does K2 Xn have, if K is Prime, X has 3 Prime factors and the LCM of K and X is KX?
1 Prime
factor
3 Prime
factors
K and X have NO prime

factors in common
Answer = 3+ 1 = 4
Does P have a factor X where1<X<P and X and P are positive integers?

1.
GCD (P2, k) = k, where k is a prime number
2.
36*20 + 2 < P < 36*20+6
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Question Statement - Does P have a factor X where1<X<P and X and P are positive integers?
Given
To find
X, P are positive integers
Does P have a factor X between 1 and P?
1<X<P
Is P Prime?
P>1
A prime number has only two factors: 1 and the number itself
Think:
A composite number will have at least one factor between 1 and the number itself
4: {1, 2, 4}
12: {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}

Does P have a factor X between
1 and P?
Is P prime?
Statement 1: GCD (P2, k) = k, where k is a prime number

P2 is divisible by k
k is a prime number
k is a prime factor of P2
k is a prime factor of P
Think:
Let k = 5
P = 5n
P = nk
If n = 1
P is Prime
(n is an integer)
If n 1
P is NOT Prime


Does P have a factor X between

1 and P?
Is P prime?
Statement 2: 36*20 + 2 < P < 36*20+6

Possible values of P:
36*20 + 3
36*20 + 4
36*20 + 5
You need to be smart about simplifying information in order to arrive at the answer.
3(12*20 + 1)
4(8*20 + 1)
5(36*4 + 1)
Divisible by 3
Divisible by 4
Divisible by 5
NOT Prime
NOT Prime
NOT Prime
Correct answer = Choice B = Statement 2 is sufficient but statement 1 is not
If P and Q are positive integers and Q = 10 + 4P, find the GCD of P and Q
1. Q = 10 x, where x is a positive integer
2. P = 10 y, where y is a positive integer
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Question Statement - If P and Q are positive integers and Q = 10 + 4P, find the GCD of P and Q
Given
To find
P, Q are positive integers
GCD of P and Q
Q = 10 + 4P
P = (Q- 10)/4

P, Q are integers
Q = 10 + 4P
GCD of P and Q = ?
P = (Q- 10)/4
Statement 1: Q = 10 x, where x is a positive integer
P = (Q- 10)/4
P = (10x- 10)/4
P = 5(x- 1)/2
ODD
P is an integer
GCD (P,Q)
3
5
7
5
10
15
30
50
70
5
10
5
x 1 is even
GCD may be 5 or 10

P, Q are integers
Q = 10 + 4P
GCD of P and Q = ?
P = (Q- 10)/4
Statement 2: P = 10 y, where y is a positive integer
Q = 10 + 4P
Q = 10 + 4(10y)
1
2
3
10
20
30
50
90
130
GCD (P,Q)
10
10
10
Q = 10(4y + 1)
GCD is always10
Correct answer = Choice B = Statement 2 is sufficient but statement 1 is not
Final Words
Key Takeaways
Know your concepts well.

Go through the concept files in detail and retain the basic and derived properties.
Follow the process with due diligence

Steps 1 & 2 Understand the question and draw inferences
thoroughly
completely
Step 3 Analyze Statement 1
Step 4 Analyze Statement 2
Decouple from statement 1
Practice how to simplify information in order to answer the question at hand
Will come with practice
Next Steps
Analyze your performance in the Live

Session
Work on Weak Areas

In Quant Online
Number Properties block
Attempt Advanced Quiz
Prepare for next Session

In Quant Online
Divisibility and Remainders, Rounding, Statistics

E GMAT Number Properties

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E GMAT Number Properties

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Number Properties I

QUANT LIVE SESSION

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Even Odd Numbers - Properties

Even * Odd = Even

Odd * Odd = Odd

(Even)n +/- (Even)n = Even +/- Even = Even

(Odd)n +/- (Odd)n = Odd +/- Odd = Even

Odd +/- Odd = Even

Even +/- Even = Even

(Even)n +/- (Odd)n = Even +/- Odd = Odd

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Test your Understanding

A, B, C, D are consecutive integers > 1. Then

2. A2 + B2 + C2= (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)

3. A2 + B3 + C3= (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)

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Test your Understanding

A, B, C, D are consecutive integers > 1. Then

4. B7 - D7 = (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)

A2 + B2 + C2 + D2 = (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)

Question = MCQ question,

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Apply in GMAT Context: Question 1

Is an bn odd, if a, b, and n are positive integers?

a and b are squares of consecutive natural numbers

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Data Sufficiency Question Solving Process

Is an bn odd, if a, b, and n are positive integers?

a and b are squares of consecutive natural numbers

Step 1: Understand the question

Step 3: Analyze Statement 1 independently

Step 4: Analyze Statement 2 independently

Step 5: Analyze both Statements together

Question 1 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences

Question Statement - Is an bn odd, if a and b are positive integers?

One of them is odd and the other is even

Power does not change the

Is only one of a or b odd?

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Question 1 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently

Is only one of a or b odd?

Consecutive natural numbers

Each case is an even-odd pair

Answers the question YES! Only one of a or b is odd

Question 1 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently

Is only one of a or b odd?

(a,b) is an even-odd pair

Correct answer = Choice D = Either statement is sufficient to answer the question

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Apply in GMAT Context: Question 2

If P = k3 k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?

1. k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers

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Question 2 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences

Question Statement - If P = k3 k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?

P may or may not

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Question 2 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently

Statement 1: k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers

Answers the question P is divisible by 4

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Question 2 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently