PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical Engineering

Electrical Machine-I

PRACTICAL NO: 02

AIM: To study the speed control of dc shunt motor by armature control and
field control method.
APPARATUS:
Sr.
No.

Apparatus

Type

Range

Quantity

Volt meter

MC

0-300 volt

01

Ammeter

MC

0-5amp

01

Rheostat

53,10amp

01

Rheostat

245,2amp

01

Tachometer Digital

0-2000 rpm

01

Single
tube
Single
tube

THEORY:
The equation governing the speed of a D.C. shunt motor is
V Ia Ra
N ------------

Where,
N = Speed of the machine
V = Armature voltage
Ia =Current through armature
Ra=Armature resistance
= Field flux.

PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical Engineering

Electrical Machine-I

Out of the four parameters on the right hand side of the above equation Ra is
constant. We can control the speed of the motor in two ways. Firstly, by
changing the field flux . Secondly, by changing the armature voltage. First of
these alternatives is accomplished by introducing a rheostat in the field circuit
of the machine. By varying the rheostat we can get different values of field
current or field flux , and therefore, the different speeds of the motor.
Similarly, the second alternative can be accomplished by introducing a rheostat
in the armature circuit. This rheostat helps in changing the voltage across the
armature of the machine. This gives us different speeds.

PRECAUTIONS:
1) All the connections should be neat and tight.
2) Before switching off the supply, the armature rheostat should be moved to

the maximum position.

3) The range of the instruments should be carefully selected.
4) The zero setting of the instruments should be checked in the beginning.

PROCEDURE:
1) Connect the dc motor as per the circuit diagram shown in fig. 2.1
2) Ensure that the external resistance in the armature circuit is at maximum.
3) Ensure that the external resistance in the field circuit is at minimum.
4) After ensuring step 2 and 3, switch on the dc supply, as a result motor will
start running at a low speed.
5) Cut out the external resistance in the armature circuit and adjust the field
current, so that the speed of the motor becomes rated speed.

PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical Engineering

Electrical Machine-I

6) The field current is kept constant to the above value. Very the voltage
applied to the armature by varying the external resistance in the armature
circuit. Record the applied voltage and the corresponding speed.
7) Repeat step 6 for various values of applied voltage to the armature, till the
rated Voltage of the motor.
8) Keep the applied voltage to the armature constant at its rated value. Vary the
speed of the motor by inserting external resistance in the field circuit. Record
the field current and the corresponding speed of the motor.
9) Repeat step 8 for various values of field current, till the speed of the motor is
about 1.4 times the rated speed of the motor. It is not advisable to increase the
speed beyond 1.4 times the rated speed, otherwise mechanical stresses will be
high, which may damage the motor.
10) Switch off the main supply to stop the motor.
OBSERVATIONS:

Armature voltage control

method

Field current control method

Sr.

Applied

Speed,

Sr.

No.

voltage, volt

rpm

No.

Applied
voltage,
volt

Speed,
rpm

PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical Engineering

Electrical Machine-I

GRAPH: ( Plot it in graph paper for both methods )

CONCLUSION:

Fig. 2.1 speed control of dc shunt motor by armature control and field control

method