Intelligent Networks (IN) and CAMEL

Intelligent Networks (IN):-

Intelligent Networks is a concept service intelligence resides in a central node called an SCP and SSPs
(residing on Switches) relinquish control to this node at particular stages in a call so that appropriate
service logic can be applied.
Objectives of IN:

- Increased Service Velocity / Speed of Deployment

- Increased Range of Services
- Evolvability from Existing Networks
- Service & Vendor Independent Implementation
- MSC just focuses on core job of call processing

Network Before IN: Before IN application, there was messed network for every node:

Network with IN: After IN implementation, Network is organised.

Basic Concepts PIC and DPs & BCSM:

Point In Call (PIC) : A state in a basic call state model.

Detection Point (DP) : A point in basic call processing at which specific event is
detected. Detection Points represent transitions between points in call processing (PICs).
There are two types of DPs: TDP and EDP. EDP is also of two Type.
-Trigger Detection Point (TDP): statically armed DP at which the MSC/SSP first contacts the
SCP to request for instructions or to provide information about call events. Processing is
suspended when the DP is encountered.
-Event Detection Point -Notification (EDP-N): An EDP is a dynamically armed DP that is
armed by the SCP. The call processing point at which the MSC/SSP must contact the SCP to
notify it of an event. Processing is not suspended when encountering the DP.
- Event Detection Point Request (EDP-R): This detection point is dynamically armed within
the context of a CAMEL control relationship. Processing is suspended when encountering the
DP and the gsmSSF waits for instructions from the gsmSCF.
- Service Switching Function (SSF) This is co-located with the MSC itself, and acts as the trigger
point for further services to be invoked during a call.
- Service Control Function (SCF) This is a separate set of platforms that receive queries from
the SSP.
- Service Data Function (SDF) This is a database that contains additional subscriber data, or
other data required to process a call.
- Specialized Resource Function (SRF) or Intelligent Peripheral (IP) This is a node which can
connect to both the SSP and the SCP and delivers additional special resources into the call, for
example play voice announcements or collect DTMF tones from the user.
Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic, or CAMELfor short, is a set
of standards designed to work on either a GSM core network or UMTS network. They allow an
operator to define services over and above standard GSM services/UMTS services. The
CAMEL architecture is based on the Intelligent Network (IN) standards, and uses the CAP
protocol and it is particularly effective in allowing these services to be offered when a subscriber
is roaming.
CAMEL Network Structure:
CSI identifies if the subscriber requires CAMEL support. CSI identifies which gsmSCF to use for
that CAMEL support. CSI contains information related to the Operator Specific Service (OSS) of
the subscriber, for example the Service Key.
Originating-CSI identifies subscriber as having originating CAMEL Services. O-CSI is stored in
the VLR as part of subscriber data for roaming subscriber in the VLR area.
Terminating-CSI identifies subscriber as having terminating CAMEL Services. T-CSI is fetched
by the GMSC when the HLR of the called subscriber is being interrogated by the GMSC.
Originating-CSI is sent to the GMSC for forwarding.
CSI CONTENT gsmSCF address: as an E.164 number
Service Key : which identifies to the gsmSCF the service logic that should be used.

Default call handling: that indicates how to proceed the call in case of error in the dialogue
(release or continue).
TDP list: that indicates on which Detection Point (DP) triggering shall take place. Only DP2 for
O-CSI and only DP12 for T-CSI.

DP2/ DP3 Trigger Detection Point:

A-Party
MSC
VLR
SCP
B-Party
=======================================================
=====
Setup>
SIOC(IN)->
<Complete Call(IN)
INITDP(2)>
<ContinueSIOC(No IN)->
<Complete Call
<Call Proc/Assnmt->
IAM>

DP2 (OCSI)

Service Screened in first SIOC: COS, ODB (BAOC & BAOC roaming outside the HPLMN
Country), BAOC, CUG, IN (O-CSI)

Service screened in second SIOC: Remaining flavos if ODB and barring, LCO, OSSP screening.
DP12 Trigger Detection Point:
A-Party
MSC
HLR
SCP
B-Party
=======================================================
=====
IAM>
SRI->
<SRI ACK(IN)
INITDP(12)>
<CONTINUESRI->
<SRI ACK
Paging >

Service screened in 1st SRI: DP12

Service screened in 2ndSRI: except IN all service.
DP2 on Forwared forwarding Leg: In Call Forwarding, subscriber A calls subscriber B,
who forwards the call to subscriber C. The forwarding leg to C is seen as a call origination
(from B) as opposed to call termination of the call originated by A.
A-Party
MSC-A
HLR
SCP
PSTN
=======================================================
==========
IAM>
SRI->
<-SRI ACK(CFU & OCSI)

-INITDP(2)>
<-CONTINUEIAM>

DP2 and DP12 on Forwarded forwarding Leg: In this example the subscriber B has
been provisioned with both T-CSI service and O-CSI service. To simplify the diagram, the
Terminating service makes no modification to the call set up and the Originating service is
used to modify the CLI of the outgoing leg.
A-Party
MSC-A
HLR
SCP
PSTN
=======================================================
===========
IAM>
SRI>
<-SRI ACK(CFU,TCSI & OCSI)
-INITDP(12)>
<CONTINUEINITDP(2)>
<CONNECT-IAM>
Applying O-CSI to a call forwarded by CAMEL (T-CSI) : CAMEL can be used to forward
calls, instead of using GSM Call Forwarding. It is possible to apply an O-CSI CAMEL service to
the outgoing leg created by a CAMEL forwarding service.
A-Party
MSC-A
HLR
SCP
PSTN

=======================================================
============
IAM>
SRI->
<-SRI ACK (TCSI & OCSI)
-INITDP (12)->
<-CONNNECT(DRA + OCSI)
INITDP(2)>
<CONNECT(CLI Modified)IAM(with modified CLI)>
ANSWER Event Detection Point- Notify:
A-Party
MSC
HLR
SCP
PSTN
=======================================================
===========
IAM>
SRI->
<-SRI ACK(TCSI )
INITDP(12)>
<-RRBE(EDP, T_Answer)
CONNECT(PSTN)->
-IAM->
<-ACM <-ACM
<-ANM <-ANM
ERB->
Disconnect Event Detection Point- Request:
A-Party
MSC
HLR
SCP
PSTN
=======================================================
==========
IAM>
SRI>
<-SRI ACK(TCSI )
-INITDP(12)>
<-RRBE(EDP, T_Answer)
CONNECT(PSTN)->
-IAM->
<-ACM <-ACM
<-ANM <-ANMREL->
-ERB>
<Continue

-REL>
<-REL
<RLCExternal IP Connection:
A-Party
MSC
VLR
SCP
IP
MS
=======================================================
=========================
setup>
SIOC->
<Continue(OCSI )INITDP(2)>
<ETC(IP)
-PRI Connection Established>
<-DFC
<-PRI Connection Trerminated
<Continue
-Paging>
Example of VPN: An example of MO CAMEL Phase 1 service is VPN. User A subscribes to VPN,
the CSI (stored in the HLR) is copied to the VLR at Location Update. After dialing a short
number (1) (e.g.colleagues extension), the call is stopped by the SSF which requests
instructions from the SCF (2). The SCF gives the SSF the full number (3) that the VMSC uses
to route the call to the GMSC (4).
Callee
VMSC
SCP
GMSC
=======================================================
=========================
Setup(1234)>
-INITDP(1234)>
<-CONNECT(0122334343)

IAM>
An example of an MT CAMEL Phase 1 service is Time Dependent Routing (TDR). A subscriber
can decide where his calls will be routed depending on the period of the month/ week or
even the time of the day (e.g. to his mobile, voice mail, secretary fixed line).
When the GMSC receives the called party CSI (6),the SSF stops the call to request
instructions from the SCF (7).The SCF provides routing information to the SSF so that the call
is routed to the subscribers mobile since he is willing to accept calls at this time of the day
(8).
Within CAMEL we are CAMEL Phase 1 compliant. Hence all the following CAMEL Phase 1
operations are available currently in the MSC/SSP:

ActivityTest
Connect
Continue
EventReportBCSM (ERB)
InitialDP
ReleaseCall
RequestReportBCSMEvent (RRBE)
The following new operations are implemented to support CAMEL Phase 2:
ETC (EstablishTemporaryConnection)
DFC (DisconnetForwardConnection)
FCI (FurnishChargingInformation)
ResetTimer
ApplyCharging (AC)
ApplyChargingReport (ACR)
Send Charging Information (SCI)
Play Announcement
Connect To Resource (for SRF)
Prompt and Collect User Information
Call Information Request (CIR)
Call Information Report
IEs:
Initial DP (IDP):- from gsmSSF to gsmSCF to collect the information
Called PartyNumber
Calling party Number
Calling Party category
Location Number
Original Called Party ID
Additional CallingParty Numer
Bearer Capability
Redirection PartyID (Redirection Number)
IMSI
Location Information
ext-Basic Service Code
Callforwarding SS Pending
MSC Address
time and timezone
carrier
service key (m)
highLayer capability (HLC)
eventtype BCSM
Redirection Information
subscriber state
cug-index/cug-interlock/cug-OutgoingAccess
High Layer Capability (HLC)
CONNECT:- from gsmSCF to gsmSSF to connect to new number.

Destination Routing Address (DRA)

Alerting Pattern
Original Call party ID
carrier
Calling Party Category
Redirection Party ID
Redirection Info
Generic Number
charge number
supperssion of annoucement
oCSI Applicable
Activity Test:- AT is used to check for the continued existance of a relationship between the
gsmSCF and gsmSSF. no IE.
Apply Charging:- from gsmSCF to gsmSSF, charging mechanisms to control the call duration.
-ACh Billing Charging Characteristics:- Time Duration Charging:- Max call period Duration,
Traffic Swtch Interval, Release if duration exceeds.
-Party to Charge
Play Tone
Call Information Request (CIR):- from gsmSCF to gsmSSF to record speceific information
about call and report it.
-Request Information Type List (Call Attempt Elapsed Time, Call Stop Time, Call Connected
Elapsed Time, release Cause)
-Leg ID
Cancel:- from gsmSCF to gsmSSF to cancel all EDPs and report.
- All Request
Connect To Resource (CTR): used to connect from gsmSSF to gsmSRF.
- Service Intraction Indicators Two
- Resource Address ( IP Routing Address, None)
Continue: from gsmSCF to gsmSSF to continue the basic call flow that was suspended.
Disconnect Forward Connection (DFC): to dissconnect the connection with gsmSRF connect
with CTR IF.
Establish Temporary Connection (ETC): used to connection from gsmSSF to assisting gmsSSF
as a part of assist procedure. can also be used to create connection between the gsmSSF
and gsmSRF.
- Assisting IP Routing Address
- Correlation ID
- Carrier Information
- Originating Line Information
- scf ID
Comparison of O-BCSM DPs in the Ph1 and Ph2:

Comparison of T-BCSM DPs in the Ph1 and Ph2: