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########BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS INDIAN S ERVICES Division of S elf-Determination
S ervicesPUBLIC LAW93#638The Indian S elf#DeterminationandEducation Assistance Actof
1975As AmendedConsists of:S ections 2 9Title ITitle IITitle IIITitle IVTitle V
Title VIRelated ProvisionsS elected Inter-Governmental ProvisionsEndnotesRevised:
May 1, 2006#

NOTE: This document is a compilation of laws that constitute, amend, or modify the
Indian S elf-Determination and Education Assistance Act. It is also a compilation of
court cases that interpret the law.PUBLIC LAW 93#63893rd CONGRES S , S . 1017JANUARY
4, 1975,AS AMENDEDAN ACTTo provide maximum Indian participation in the Government
and education of the Indian people; to provide for the full participation of Indian
tribes in programs and services conducted by the Federal Government for Indians and
to encourage the development of human resources of the Indian people; to establish
a program of assistance to upgrade Indian education; to support the right of Indian
citizens to control their own educational activities; and for other purposes.Be it
enacted by the S enate and House of Representatives of the United S tates of America
in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Indian S elf#Determination
and Education Assistance Act".Purpose of IS DEAAThe courts in the following cases
expressed the view that a purpose of the Indian S elfDetermination and Education
Assistance Act (IS DEAA) is to give tribes increased control over their own affairs
and to shift responsibility for the administration of federal programs to tribes.
In #HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0000960&FindType=Y&S erialNum=1982130118" ##Ramah Navajo S chool
Bd., Inc. v. Bureau of Revenue of New Mexico, 458 U.S . 832, 102 S . Ct. 3394, 73 L.
Ed. 2d 1174, 5 Ed. Law Rep. 120 (1982)#, the S upreme Court, Justice Marshall,
expressed the view that the Indian S elfDetermination and Education Assistance Act
(IS DEAA) reflects the federal policy of encouraging the development of
Indiancontrolled institutions on the reservation. The Court noted that with
respect to school construction, the Bureau of Indian Affairs has wideranging
authority to monitor and review subcontracting agreements between the Indian
organization, which is viewed as the general contractor, and the nonIndian firm
that builds the facilities. The IS DEAA promotes tribal independence and economic
development.In #HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0000708&FindType=Y&S erialNum=1983127668" ##New Mexico v.
Mescalero Apache Tribe, 462 U.S . 324, 103 S . Ct. 2378, 76 L. Ed. 2d 611 (1983)#,
the S upreme Court, Justice Marshall, expressed the view that the federal government
is firmly committed to the goal of promoting tribal selfgovernment, a goal
embodied in numerous federal statutes, including the Indian S elfDetermination and
Education Assistance Act (IS DEAA). The Court stated that Congress' objective of
furthering tribal selfgovernment means more than encouraging tribal management of
disputes between members, but includes a larger goal of encouraging tribal
selfsufficiency and economic development.In #HYPERLINK
"http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0000708&FindType=Y&S erialNum=1991042972" ##Oklahoma Tax Com'n
v. Citizen Band Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma, 498 U.S . 505, 111 S . Ct. 905,
112 L. Ed. 2d 1112 (1991)#, the S upreme Court, Chief Justice Rehnquist, expressed
the view that the Indian S elfDetermination and Education Assistance Act (IS DEAA),
#HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=25US CAS 450&FindType=L" ##25 U.S .C.A.
450(a) to (n)#, and other federal statutes reflect Congress' desire to promote the
longestablished principle of tribal sovereign immunity. The IS DEAA further
reflects Congress' desire to promote the goal of Indian selfgovernment, including
its overriding goal of encouraging tribal selfsufficiency and economic
development.The Indian S elfDetermination and Education Assistance Act (IS DEAA),
#HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=25US CAS 450&FindType=L" ##25 U.S .C.A.
450(a) to (n)#, promotes the longstanding federal policy of encouraging Indian
selfdetermination, giving Indian tribes control over the administration of federal
programs benefiting Indians, stated the court in #HYPERLINK
"http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0000506&FindType=Y&S erialNum=1995179615" ##FGS Constructors,
Inc. v. Carlow, 64 F.3d 1230, 40 Cont. Cas. Fed. (CCH) 76825 (8th Cir. 1995)#.
Under a selfdetermination contract under the IS DEAA, #HYPERLINK
"http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=25US CAS 450F&FindType=L" ##25 U.S .C.A. 450f#,

b(j), the federal government supplies funding to a tribal organization, allowing

the tribal organization to plan, conduct, and administer a program or service that
otherwise would have been provided directly by the federal government.The court in
#HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0000345&FindType=Y&S erialNum=1996034227" ##U.S . v. Adair, 913
F. S upp. 1503 (E.D. Okla. 1995)#, aff'd on other grounds, #HYPERLINK
"http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0000506&FindType=Y&S erialNum=1997091263" ##111 F.3d 770 (10th
Cir. 1997)#, expressed the view that the purpose of the Indian S elfDetermination
and Education Assistance Act (IS DEAA), #HYPERLINK
"http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=25US CAS 450&FindType=L" ##25 U.S .C.A.
450(a) to (n)#, is to permit orderly transition from federal domination of Indian
programs and services to Indian participation in their planning, conduct, and
administration. The court stated that all Indians and Indian tribes are no longer
dependent wards of the United S tates government.In #HYPERLINK
"http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0000506&FindType=Y&S erialNum=1997106222" ##Ramah Navajo Chapter
v. Lujan, 112 F.3d 1455 (10th Cir. 1997)#, the court held that the Indian
S elfDetermination and Education Assistance Act (IS DEAA), #HYPERLINK
"http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?
rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=25US CAS 450&FindType=L" ##25 U.S .C.A.
450(a) to (n)#, is intended to assure maximum participation by tribes in planning
and administration of federal services, programs, and activities for Indian
communities. Under the IS DEAA, the S ecretaries of the Department of the Interior
and the Department of Health and Human S ervices continue to provide direct
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