Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
-Watt University
Heriot-Watt
INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Possible
Exam Questions
dP
= 0.45 psi / ft
dD water
Depth
dP
dP
= 0.35 psi / ft
dD oil
Pressure
dP
= 0.45 psi / ft
dD water
Depth
dP
dP
= 0.35 psi / ft
dD oil
Mixture of methane
and n-octane has a
critical point much
greater than pure
component values.
Methane will tend to
make the mixtures to
be more volatile, i.e. of
lower Tc and higher
Pc.
Define:
Oil FVF
Total FVF
Solution GOR
S 3.2.1-R 4
B t = B o + B g ( R sb R s )
Above Pb, Bt = Bo
At surface conditions
No gas in solution
S9 R5
S9 R5
S9 R5
The
0.9809 = 0.07*11.01+0.21
0.8159 = 9.8013/12.0127
S9 R5
10
The
S9 R5
The
S9 R5
11
S9 R5
S9 R5
12
S9 R5
S9 R5
13
z
z
14
15
QP = Q b Pb
Q=
Q b Pb
P
kA P
dx
Q b Pb
kA P
=
P
dx
Q b Pb dx =
o
kA P2 P1
Q b Pb ( L 0 ) =
k=
Qb =
2Q b Pb L
A P1 P2
2
P2
kA
PdP
P1
kA P1 P2
2
2LPb
16
17
z
z
18
19
Capillary pressure
Resistivity measurements
Studies under reservoir conditions
Core samples have been obtained from a well and air-mercury capillary
pressure curves generated for an oil reservoir system.
The lowest limit of 100% Sw was found at the bottom of the well in rock
type A as shown in the following figure.
(a) determine the FWL and indicate it on the well diagram?
(b) Construct the Sw profile in the space provided?
(c) Calculate the oil-in-place per unit cross-section over the
thickness of the reservoir?
Data:
Specific gravity of Water = 1.03
Specific gravity of oil = 0.80
Density of water = 62.4 lb/ft3
PcAir-Hg = 10 PcW-O
Oil FVF = 1.22 bbl/stb
20
S7.2 R5
21
S7.2 R5
22
Poiseuille's equation q =
For n tubes q n =
r 4 P
8Lcap
nr 4 P
8Lcap
23
Permeability k =
q L core
A P
Lcore
r2 =
8k Lcap
Lcore
Lcap
Lcore
8k Lcap
Lcore
r = constant
Pc =
Pc =
2Cos
constant
2Cos
r
1
=
=J
constant Cos
Pc
24
Qi =
Q = Qi =
2h i k i ( Pe Pw )
r
ln e
rw
2h T k ( Pe Pw ) 2 ( Pe Pw )
=
( k 1h 1 + k 2 h 2 + k 3 h 3 )
re
re
ln
ln
rw
rw
k=
h k
i
hT
25
26
27
Briefly
28
Briefly
S7.2 R5
Briefly
29
Briefly
30
31
32
33
34
S7.2 R5
S7.2 R5
35
36
Oil
Water
Pore space
Compressibility drive
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
(a) Determine the bubble point pressure of the reservoir fluid at reservoir
temperature.
(b) the oil FVF at 3650 psig
(c) the solution GOR at 3650 psig and 2700 psig
(d) the solution GOR at 1200 psig
(e) the total FVF factors at 3650 psig and 1200 psig.
45
46
47
48
49
50
Bo =
Rsi =
bbl
290
= 1 .4
stb
207 .5
Bo =
Rs =
270
bbl
= 1 .3
207 .5
stb
(0.45) scf
scf
= 345
3
3
stb
in
ft
stb
207.5cc *
* 3 3*
3
3
2.54 cc 12 in 5.615 ft
zT
1 * (145 + 460 )
bbl
= 0 .0017936
= 0 .00504
P
1700
stb
Bt = Bo + ( Rsi Rs ) Bg = 1 .3
bbl
scf
bbl
bbl
+ ( 462 345 )
* 0 .00179
= 1 .509
stb
stb
scf
stb
51
Bt = Bo =
290
bbl
= 1 .4
207 .5
stb
52
53
( B B oi ) ( c w S wc + c f )
N p B o = NB oi o
+
p
B
1
S
oi
wc
No gas cap
54
Oil compressibility -
co =
( B o B oi )
B oi p
)
( c w S wc + c f ) p
( ( )
N p B o = NB
oi c o +
1 S wc
B cBS + c f
c ooi = c o +o w oiwc
N p B o = NB
p
B oi p1 S wc
So + Swc = 1
c S + c w S wc + c f
N p B o = NB oi o o
1 S wc
or
N p B o = NB oi c e p
or
N p B o = NB oi c e p
ce =
ce =
1
( c o So + c w S wc + c f )
1 S wc
1
( coSo + c wSwc + cf )
1 Swc
Np
N
B oi
c e p
B ob
55
56
57
R =
z
z
z
B o k eg o
B g k eo g
+ R
58
Np
N
z
B oi
c e p
B ob
NpR p =
N ( Bo + ( R si R s ) Bg Bob ) N p ( Bo R s Bg )
Bg
Step1
= Gp
59
N B
So = 1 p o (1 Swc )
N Bob
R=
B o k eg o
B g k eo g
2
Ri = instantaneous GOR at start of period
Ri+1 = instantaneous GOR at end of period
Np1= cumulative oil produced at end of period
+ Rs
N p1
Assumption R vs Np linear
Therefore use small pressure
drops
Step 2
G 2 = N p 2 R p 2 N p1R p1 =
z
N ( B o + ( R si R s ) B g B ob ) N p 2 ( B o R s B g )
Bg
N p1R p1
5. Calculate IGOR
60
( R i+1 + R i+ 2 )
2
z
(N
p2
N p1 ) = G 2
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68