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THE ACIDIC
ENVIRONMENT
Topic Test
C
1. Which choice shows the acid arranged according to increasing pH?
(a) HA, HB, HC
(b) HC, HB, HA
(c) HA, HC, HB
(d) HC, HA, HB
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(e)White solid calcium oxide (quick lime) was added to water in a beaker with
stirring; a few drops of litmus indicator solution were added to the mixture,
and then dilute hydrochloric acid solution was slowly added.
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6. Calculate the pH of
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(b) 0.0078 mol/L barium hydroxide.
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100 mL of each of these solutions are mixed together. Calculate the pH of the
resulting solution.
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8. The pH of the solution in the human stomach is normally about 0.9. Indigestion is
generally caused by an increase in stomach acidity. Some people take the
bicarbonate of soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) to relieve indigestion.
(a) What hydrogen ion concentration corresponds to a pH of 0.9?
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(b) Does indigestion cause stomach pH to rise or to fall?
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(c) Write an equation for the reaction of sodium hydrogen carbonate which
relieves indigestion.
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(d) Why is there a tendency to belch (bring up wind) after taking bicarbonate of
soda?
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9. A 0.074 mol/L solution of nitrous acid has a pH of 2.15. Is this acid strong or
weak? Explain. (If it is weak calculate the degree of ionisation in this solution.)
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hydroxide. 17.2 mL was required. Calculate the molarity of the dilute solution
and of the original vinegar. Calculate the mass of acetic acid per 100 mL of the
vinegar.
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11.The electrical conductivity of solutions (of the same concentration) of nitric acid,
potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide and six other substances labelled P to U
was measured and recorded in the table below. Pieces of litmus paper were
dipped into the solutions and the final colour of the paper recorded in the table;
NCC means no colour change: red litmus stayed red and blue litmus stayed blue.
Substanc
e
Relative
conductiv
ity
Litmus
Colour
HN O3
KN O3
KOH P
125
45
90
110
50
85
Red
NCC
blue
NCC
blue
red
NCC
red
blue
From the compounds P to U, identify the following, giving reasons for each choice.
(a) a strong acid
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(b) a strong base
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(c) a weak acid
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(d) a weak base
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(e) a salt
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12.Draw all products and reactants involved in the reaction to form ethyl
methanoate
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13.Explain why methyl ethanoate has a much lower boiling point than ethanoic acid
(57oC compared with 118oC), despite having a higher molecular weight.
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14.Explain why ethanoic acid has a much greater solubility in water than methyl
methanoate.
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15.A sample of octyl ethanoate (which is insoluble in water) was contaminated with
a small amount of ethanoic acid which is soluble in water. Explain how you would
use water and a separating funnel to purify the octyl ethanoate. Sketch the
separating funnel.
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16.
The salt, sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) can be prepared by reacting
sodium hydroxide solution with the required amount of phosphoric acid (H 3PO4)
solution.
(c) Write an equation for the reaction of the HPO 42- ion with water to account