MAAE 3400: APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS

PROBLEM SET 1

Chapter 2: Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics

1 Problem 2.55, Page 75
A mass of 10 kg undergoes a process during which there is heat transfer from the mass at a
rate of 5 kJ per kg, an elevation decrease of 50 m, and an increase in velocity from 15 m/s to
30 m/s. The specific internal energy decreases by 5 kJ/kg and the acceleration of gravity is
constant at 9.7 m/s2. Determine the work for the process, in kJ. (Answer: 1.47 kJ)
Chapter 3: Evaluating Properties
2 Problem 3.24, Page 134
Water is contained in a closed, rigid, 0.2 m3 tank at an initial pressure of 5 bar and a quality of
50%. Heat transfer occurs until the tank contains only saturated vapor. Determine the final
mass of vapor in the tank, in kg, and the final pressure, in bar. (Answers: 1.064 kg, 10.5 bar)
3 Problem 3.30, Page 135
One kilogram of water initially is at the critical point. (a) If the water is cooled at constantspecific volume to a pressure of 30 bar, determine the quality at the final state. (b) If the
water undergoes a constant-temperature expansion to a pressure of 30 bar, determine the
specific volume at the final state, in m3/kg. (Answers: a) 0.0296, b) 0.0948 m3/kg)
4 Problem 3.50, Page 136
A piston-cylinder assembly contains 1 kg of water, initially occupying a volume of 0.5 m3 at 1
bar. Energy transfer by heat to the water results in an expansion at constant temperature to a
final volume of 1.694 m3. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. For the water, (a)
show the process on a Tv diagram, (b) evaluate the work, in kJ, and (c) evaluate the heat
transfer, in kJ. (Answers: b) 119.4 kJ, c) 1592 kJ)
Chapter 4: Control Volume Analysis Using Energy
5 Problem 4.24, Page 197
Refrigerant 134a enters a horizontal pipe operating at steady state at 40C, 300 kPa and a
velocity of 40 m/s. At the exit, the temperature is 50C and the pressure is 240 kPa. The pipe
diameter is 0.04 m. Determine (a) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant, in kg/s, (b) the
velocity at the exit, in m/s, and (c) the rate of heat transfer between the pipe and its
surroundings, in kW. (Answers: a) 0.621 kg/s, b) 52.23 m/s, c) 6.82 kW)

MAAE 3400: APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS

PROBLEM SET 1

6 Problem 4.50, Page 199

Steam enters the first-stage turbine shown in the figure below at 40 bar and 500C with a
volumetric flow rate of 90 m3/min. Steam exits the turbine at 20 bar and 400C. The steam is
then reheated at constant pressure to 500C before entering the second-stage turbine. Steam
leaves the second stage as saturated vapor at 0.6 bar. For operation at steady state, and
ignoring stray heat transfer and kinetic and potential energy effects, determine the (a) mass
flow rate of the steam, in kg/h, (b) total power produced by the two stages of the turbine, in
kW, (c) rate of heat transfer to the steam flowing through the reheater, in kW.
(Answers: a) 6.248 x 104 kg/h, b) 17565 kW, c) 3819 kW)

7 Problem 4.79, Page 202

The figure below shows a solar collector panel embedded in a roof. The panel, which has a
surface area of 24 ft2, receives energy from the sun at a rate of 200 Btu/h per ft2 of collector
surface. Twenty-five percent of the incoming energy is lost to the surroundings. The remaining
energy is used to heat domestic hot water from 90 to 120F. The water passes through the
solar collector with a negligible pressure drop. Neglecting kinetic and potential effects,
determine at steady state how many gallons of water at 120F the collector generates per
hour. (Answer: 14.59 gal/hour)

MAAE 3400: APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS

PROBLEM SET 1

Chapter 5: The Second Law of Thermodynamics

8 Problem 5.31, Page 247
A power cycle operates between a reservoir at temperature T and a lower-temperature
reservoir at 280 K. At steady state, the cycle develops 40 kW of power while rejecting 1000
kJ/min of energy by heat transfer to the cold reservoir. Determine the minimum theoretical
value for T, in K. (Answer: 952 K)
9 Problem 5.48, Page 249
A reversible heat pump cycle operates as in the figure below between hot and cold reservoirs
at TH = 27C and TC = 3C, respectively. Determine the fraction of the heat transfer QH
discharged at TH provided by (a) the net work input, (b) the heat transfer QC from the cold
reservoir TC. (Answers: a) 0.1, b) 0.9)

Chapter 6: Using Entropy

10 Problem 6.60, Page 317
At steady state, work at a rate of 25 kW is done by a paddle wheel on a slurry contained
within a closed, rigid tank. Heat transfer from the tank occurs at a temperature of 250C to
surroundings that, away from the immediate vicinity of the tank, are at 27C. Determine the
rate of entropy production, in kW/K, (a) for the tank and its contents as the system, (b) for an
enlarged system including the tank and enough of the nearby surroundings for the heat
transfer to occur at 27C. (Answers: a) 0.0478 kW/K, b) 0.0833 kW/K)
11 Problem 6.82, Page 319
Air enters an insulated turbine operating at steady state at 6.5 bar, 687C and exits at 1 bar,
327C. Neglecting kinetic and potential energy changes and assuming the ideal gas model,
determine (a) the work developed, in kJ per kg of air flowing through the turbine, (b) whether
the expansion is internally reversible, irreversible, or impossible.
(Answers: a) 393.53 kJ/kg, b) Irreversible)

MAAE 3400: APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS

PROBLEM SET 1

12 Problem 6.147, Page 326

The figure below shows a power system operating at steady state consisting of three
components in series: an air compressor having an isentropic compressor efficiency of 80%, a
heat exchanger, and a turbine having an isentropic turbine efficiency of 90%. Air enters the
compressor at 1 bar, 300K with a mass flow rate of 5.8 kg/s and exits at a pressure of 10 bar.
Air enters the turbine at 10 bar, 1400 K and exits at a pressure of 1 bar. Air can be modeled as
an ideal gas. Stray heat transfer and kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible.
Determine, in kW, (a) the power required by the compressor, (b) the power developed by the
turbine, and (c) the net power output of the overall power system.
(Answers: a) -2028 kW, b) 3690 kW, c) 1662 kW)