Thermodynamic properties[edit]

Phase behavior

Triple point

273.16 K (0.01 C), 611.73 Pa

Critical point

647 K (374 C), 22.1 MPa

Std enthalpy change

of fusion, fusHo

Std entropy change

of fusion, fusSo

Std enthalpy change

of vaporization, vapHo

Std entropy change

of vaporization, vapSo

6.01 kJ/mol

22.0 J/(molK)

40.68 kJ/mol

118.89 J/(molK)

Std enthalpy change

of sublimation, subHo

Std entropy change

of sublimation, subSo

46.70 kJ/mol

130.9 J/(molK)

Molal freezing point constant

1.858 C kg/mol

Molal boiling point constant

0.512 C kg/mol

Solid properties

Std enthalpy change

of formation, fHosolid

Standard molar entropy,

Sosolid

291.83 kJ/mol

41 J/(mol K)

12.2 J/(mol K) at 200 C

15.0 J/(mol K) at 180 C
17.3 J/(mol K) at 160 C
19.8 J/(mol K) at 140 C
24.8 J/(mol K) at 100 C
Heat capacity, cp

29.6 J/(mol K) at 60 C
32.77 J/(mol K) at 38.3 C
33.84 J/(mol K) at 30.6 C
35.20 J/(mol K) at 20.8 C
36.66 J/(mol K) at 11.0 C
37.19 J/(mol K) at 4.9 C
37.84 J/(mol K) at 2.2 C

Liquid properties

Std enthalpy change

of formation, fHoliquid

Standard molar entropy,

285.83 kJ/mol

69.95 J/(mol K)

Soliquid

75.97 J/(mol K) at 0 C
75.42 J/(mol K) at 10 C
75.33 J/(mol K) at 20 C
75.28 J/(mol K) at 25 C
75.26 J/(mol K) at 30 C
Heat capacity, cp

75.26 J/(mol K) at 40 C
75.30 J/(mol K) at 50 C
75.37 J/(mol K) at 60 C
75.46 J/(mol K) at 70 C
75.58 J/(mol K) at 80 C
75.74 J/(mol K) at 90 C
75.94 J/(mol K) at 100 C

Gas properties

Std enthalpy change

of formation, fHogas

Standard molar entropy,

Sogas

241.83 kJ/mol

188.84 J/(mol K)

36.5 J/(mol K) at 100 C

36.1 J/(mol K) at 200 C
Heat capacity, cp

36.2 J/(mol K) at 400 C

37.9 J/(mol K) at 700 C
41.4 J/(mol K) at 1000 C

27.5 J/(mol K) at 100 C

27.6 J/(mol K) at 200 C
Heat capacity, cv

27.8 J/(mol K) at 400 C

29.5 J/(mol K) at 700 C
33.1 J/(mol K) at 1000 C

Heat capacity ratio,

1.324 at 100 C

= cp/cv

1.310 at 200 C
1.301 at 400 C

1.282 at 700 C
1.252 at 1000 C

a = 553.6 L2 kPa/mol2

van der Waals' constants

b = 0.03049 liter per mole

Liquid physical properties[edit]

Temperature dependence of the surface tension of pure water

Temperature dependence of the density of ice and water

Velocity of sound in water

c in distilled water at 25 C

1498 m/s

1403 m/s at 0 C
1427 m/s at 5 C
1447 m/s at 10 C
1481 m/s at 20 C
1507 m/s at 30 C
c at other temperatures[7]

1526 m/s at 40 C
1541 m/s at 50 C
1552 m/s at 60 C
1555 m/s at 70 C
1555 m/s at 80 C
1550 m/s at 90 C
1543 m/s at 100 C
Density[8]

0.99984 g/cm3 at 0 C

0.98804 g/cm3 at 50 C

0.99997 g/cm3 at 4 C

0.98570 g/cm3 at 55 C

0.99996 g/cm3 at 5 C

0.98321 g/cm3 at 60 C

0.99970 g/cm3 at 10 C

0.98056 g/cm3 at 65 C

0.99910 g/cm3 at 15 C

0.97778 g/cm3 at 70 C

0.99820 g/cm3 at 20 C

0.97486 g/cm3 at 75 C

0.99704 g/cm3 at 25 C

0.97180 g/cm3 at 80 C

0.99564 g/cm3 at 30 C

0.96862 g/cm3 at 85 C

0.99403 g/cm3 at 35 C

0.96531 g/cm3 at 90 C

0.99221 g/cm3 at 40 C

0.96189 g/cm3 at 95 C

0.99022 g/cm3 at 45 C

0.95835 g/cm3 at 100 C

Viscosity[9]

= 1.7921 mPas (cP) at 0 C

= 0.5494 mPas at 50 C

 = 1.5188 mPas at 5 C

= 0.5064 mPas at 55 C

= 1.3077 mPas at 10 C

= 0.4688 mPas at 60 C

= 1.1404 mPas at 15 C

= 0.4355 mPas at 65 C

= 1.0050 mPas at 20 C

= 0.4061 mPas at 70 C

= 0.8937 mPas at 25 C

= 0.3799 mPas at 75 C

= 0.8007 mPas at 30 C

= 0.3635 mPas at 80 C

= 0.7225 mPas at 35 C

= 0.3355 mPas at 85 C

= 0.6560 mPas at 40 C

= 0.3165 mPas at 90 C

= 0.5988 mPas at 45 C

= 0.2994 mPas at 95 C
= 0.2838 mPas at 100 C
Surface tension[10]

75.64 dyn/cm at 0 C

69.56 dyn/cm at 40 C

74.92 dyn/cm at 5 C

68.74 dyn/cm at 45 C

74.22 dyn/cm at 10 C

67.91 dyn/cm at 50 C

73.49 dyn/cm at 15 C

66.18 dyn/cm at 60 C

72.75 dyn/cm at 20 C

64.42 dyn/cm at 70 C

71.97 dyn/cm at 25 C

62.61 dyn/cm at 80 C

71.18 dyn/cm at 30 C

60.75 dyn/cm at 90 C

70.38 dyn/cm at 35 C

58.85 dyn/cm at 100 C

Electrical conductivity of highly purified water at saturation pressure[11]

Temperature, C

Conductivity, S/m

0.01

1.15

25

5.50

100

76.5

200

299

300

241

Water/steam equilibrium properties[edit]

Vapor pressure formula for steam in equilibrium with liquid water: [12]
log10(P) = A B / (T C)
where P is equilibrium vapor pressure in kPa, and T is temperature in kelvins.
for T = 273 K to 333 K: A = 7.2326; B = 1750.286; C = 38.1
for T = 333 K to 423 K: A = 7.0917; B = 1668.21; C = 45.1

Steam table[13]
Temp.

Pressure

H of liquid

vapH

vapW

of vapor

0 C

0.612 kPa

0.00 J/g

2496.5 J/g

126.0 J/g

0.004845 kg/m3

10 C

1.227 kPa

42.0 J/g

2473.5 J/g

130.5 J/g

0.009398 kg/m3

20 C

2.536 kPa

83.8 J/g

2450.9 J/g

135.1 J/g

0.01728 kg/m3

30 C

4.242 kPa

125.6 J/g

2427.9 J/g

139.7 J/g

0.03036 kg/m3

40 C

7.370 kPa

167.2 J/g

2404.9 J/g

144.2 J/g

0.05107 kg/m3

50 C

12.33 kPa

209.0 J/g

2381.4 J/g

148.7 J/g

0.08285 kg/m3

60 C

19.90 kPa

250.8 J/g

2357.6 J/g

153.0 J/g

0.1300 kg/m3

70 C

31.15 kPa

292.7 J/g

2332.9 J/g

157.3 J/g

0.1979 kg/m3

80 C

46.12 kPa

334.6 J/g

2307.7 J/g

161.5 J/g

0.2931 kg/m3

90 C

70.10 kPa

376.6 J/g

2282.6 J/g

165.5 J/g

0.4232 kg/m3

100 C

101.32 kPa

419.0 J/g

2256.3 J/g

169.4 J/g

0.5974 kg/m3

110 C

143.27 kPa

460.8 J/g

2229.5 J/g

173.1 J/g

0.8264 kg/m3

120 C

198.50 kPa

503.2 J/g

2201.4 J/g

176.7 J/g

1.121 kg/m3

130 C

270.13 kPa

545.8 J/g

2172.5 J/g

180.2 J/g

1.497 kg/m3

140 C

361.4 kPa

588.5 J/g

2142.8 J/g

183.2 J/g

1.967 kg/m3

150 C

476.0 kPa

631.5 J/g

2111.8 J/g

186.1 J/g

2.548 kg/m3

160 C

618.1 kPa

674.7 J/g

2080.0 J/g

188.7 J/g

3.263 kg/m3

170 C

792.0 kPa

718.5 J/g

2047.0 J/g

190.6 J/g

4.023 kg/m3

180 C

1002.7 kPa

762.5 J/g

2012.2 J/g

192.8 J/g

5.165 kg/m3

190 C

1254.9 kPa

807.0 J/g

1975.8 J/g

194.5 J/g

6.402 kg/m3

200 C

1554.3 kPa

851.9 J/g

1937.3 J/g

195.6 J/g

7.868 kg/m3

210 C

1907.9 kPa

897.5 J/g

1897.5 J/g

196.3 J/g

9.606 kg/m3

221.1 C

2369.8 kPa

948.5 J/g

1850.2 J/g

196.6 J/g

11.88 kg/m3

229.4 C

2769.6 kPa

987.9 J/g

1812.5 J/g

196.2 J/g

13.87 kg/m3

240.6 C

3381.1 kPa

1040.6 J/g

1759.4 J/g

195.1 J/g

16.96 kg/m3

248.9 C

3904.1 kPa

1080.3 J/g

1715.8 J/g

193.7 J/g

19.66 kg/m3

260.0 C

4695.9 kPa

1134.8 J/g

1653.9 J/g

190.8 J/g

23.84 kg/m3

271.1 C

5603.4 kPa

1195.9 J/g

1586.5 J/g

186.9 J/g

28.83 kg/m3

279.4 C

6366.5 kPa

1240.7 J/g

1532.5 J/g

183.3 J/g

33.18 kg/m3

290.6 C

7506.2 kPa

1302.3 J/g

1456.3 J/g

177.4 J/g

39.95 kg/m3

298.9 C

8463.9 kPa

1350.0 J/g

1394.8 J/g

172.2 J/g

45.93 kg/m3

310.0 C

9878.0 kPa

1415.7 J/g

1307.7 J/g

164.2 J/g

55.25 kg/m3

321.1 C

11461 kPa

1483.9 J/g

1212.7 J/g

154.5 J/g

66.58 kg/m3

329.4 C

12785 kPa

1537.9 J/g

1133.2 J/g

145.6 J/g

76.92 kg/m3

340.6 C

14727 kPa

1617.9 J/g

1007.6 J/g

130.9 J/g

94.25 kg/m3

348.9 C

16331 kPa

1687.0 J/g

892.0 J/g

117.0 J/g

111.5 kg/m3

360.0 C

18682 kPa

1797.0 J/g

694.0 J/g

91.0 J/g

145.3 kg/m3

371.1 C

21349 kPa

1968.3 J/g

365.0 J/g

47.0 J/g

214.5 kg/m3

374.4 C

22242 kPa

2151.2 J/g

0 J/g

0 J/g

306.8 kg/m3

Temp.

Pressure

H of liquid

vapH

vapW

of vapor

Data in the table above is given for water-steam equilibria at various temperatures over
the entire temperature range at which liquid water can exist. Pressure of the equilibrium
is given in the second column in kPa. The third column is the heat content of each gram
of the liquid phase relative to water at 0 C. The fourth column is the heat of vaporization
of each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The fifth column is the PV work done by
each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The sixth column is the density of the vapor.

Melting point of ice at various pressures[edit]

Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed., p. 2390
Pressure kPa

Temp. C

101.325

0.0

32950

2.5

60311

5.0

87279

7.5

113267

10.0

138274

12.5

159358

15.0

179952

17.5

200251

20.0

215746

22.1

Table of various forms of ice[edit]

Properties of various forms of ice[14]
Ice

Density

Crystal

Triple

form

g/cm3

structure

points

Ih

Ic

II

III

0.92

0.92

1.17

1.14

hexagonal

TP temp C

TP pressure
MPa

Lq, Vap, Ih

0.01

0.000612

Lq, Ih, III

22.0

207.5

Ih, II, III

34.7

212.9

Ih, II, III

34.7

212.9

II, III, V

24.3

344.3

II, V, VI

55 (est)

620

Lq, Ih, III

22.0

207.5

Lq, III, V

17

346.3

Ih, II, III

34.7

212.9

II, III, V

24.3

344.3

Lq, III, V

17

346.3

cubic

rhombohedral

tetragonal

IV

1.27

rhombohedral

1.23

monoclinic

VI

VII

VIII

1.31

1.50

1.46

Lq, V, VI

0.16

625.9

II, III, V

24.3

344.3

II, V, VI

55 (est)

620

Lq, V, VI

0.16

625.9

Lq, VI, VII

81.6

2200

II, V, VI

55 (est)

620

VI, VII, VIII

2100

Lq, VI, VII

81.6

2200

VI, VII, VIII

2100

VII, VIII, X

173

62000

VI, VII, VIII

2100

VII, VIII, X

173

62000

tetragonal

cubic

tetragonal

IX

1.16

tetragonal

2.46

cubic

VII, VIII, X

173

62000

XI

0.92

orthorhombic

Vap, Ih, XI

201.5

0 (expected)

XII

1.29

tetragonal

XIII

1.23

monoclinic

XIV

1.29

orthorhombic

Additional data translated from German "Wasser (Stoffdaten)" page[edit]

The data that follows was copied and translated from the German language Wikipedia version of
this page (which has moved to here). It provides supplementary physical, thermodynamic, and
vapor pressure data, some of which is redundant with data in the tables above, and some of
which is additional.

Physical and thermodynamic tables[edit]

In the following tables, values are temperature dependent and to a lesser degree pressure
dependent, and are arranged by state of aggregation (s=solid, lq=liquid, g=gas), which are
clearly a function of temperature and pressure. All of the data were computed from data given in
"Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for Scientific and
General Use" (1984). This applies to:

T temperature in degrees Celsius

V specific volume in decimeter3 per kilogram (1 dm3 is equivalent to 1 liter)

H specific enthalpy in kJ per kilogram

U specific internal energy in kJ per kilogram

S specific entropy in kJ per kilogram-kelvin

cp specific heat capacity at constant pressure in kJ per kilogram-kelvin

Thermal expansion coefficient as 103 per kelvin

Heat conductivity in milliwatt per meter-kelvin

Viscosity in micropascal-seconds (1 cP = 1000 Pas)

surface tension in millinewtons per meter (equivalent to dyn/cm)

Standard conditions[edit]
In the following table, material data are given for standard pressure of 0.1 MPa (equivalent to
1 bar). Up to 99.63 C (the boiling point of water at 0.1 MPa), at this pressure water exists as a
liquid. Above that, it exists as water vapor. Note that the boiling point of 100.0 C is at a pressure
of 0.101325 MPa (1atm), which is the average atmospheric pressure.

Water/steam data table at standard pressure (0.1 MPa)

T C

cp

dm3/kg

kJ/kg

kJ/kg

kJ/(kgK)

kJ/(kgK)

103/K

mW /
(mK)

Pas

mN/m

1.0002

0.06

0.04

0.0001

4.228

0.080

561.0

1792

75.65

1.0000

21.1

21.0

0.076

4.200

0.011

570.6

1518

74.95

10

1.0003

42.1

42.0

0.151

4.188

0.087

580.0

1306

74.22

15

1.0009

63.0

62.9

0.224

4.184

0.152

589.4

1137

73.49

20

1.0018

83.9

83.8

0.296

4.183

0.209

598.4

1001

72.74

25

1.0029

104.8

104.7

0.367

4.183

0.259

607.2

890.4

71.98

30

1.0044

125.8

125.7

0.437

4.183

0.305

615.5

797.7

71.20

1.0060

146.7

146.6

0.505

4.183

0.347

623.3

719.6

70.41

40

1.0079

167.6

167.5

0.572

4.182

0.386

630.6

653.3

69.60

45

1.0099

188.5

188.4

0.638

4.182

0.423

637.3

596.3

68.78

50

1.0121

209.4

209.3

0.704

4.181

0.457

643.6

547.1

67.95

60

1.0171

251.2

251.1

0.831

4.183

0.522

654.4

466.6

66.24

70

1.0227

293.1

293.0

0.955

4.187

0.583

663.1

404.1

64.49

80

1.0290

335.0

334.9

1.075

4.194

0.640

670.0

354.5

62.68

90

1.0359

377.0

376.9

1.193

4.204

0.696

675.3

314.6

60.82

1.0431

417.5

417.4

1.303

4.217

0.748

679.0

283.0

58.99

1694.3

2675

2505

7.359

2.043

2.885

25.05

12.26

35

l
q

l
99.6

3
g

100

1696.1

2675

2506

7.361

2.042

2.881

25.08

12.27

58.92

200

2172.3

2874

2657

7.833

1.975

2.100

33.28

16.18

37.68

300

2638.8

3073

2810

8.215

2.013

1.761

43.42

20.29

14.37

500

3565.5

3488

3131

8.834

2.135

1.297

66.970 28.57

750

4721.0

4043

3571

9.455

2.308

0.978

100.30 38.48

1000

5875.5

4642

4054

9.978

2.478

0.786

136.3

47.66

The values for surface tension for the liquid section of the table are for a liquid/air interface.

Values for the gas section of the table are for a liquid/saturated steam interface.

Triple point[edit]
In the following table, material data are given with a pressure of 611.7 Pa (equivalent to
0.006117 bar). Up to a temperature of 0.01 C, the triple point of water, water normally exists
as ice, except for supercooled water, for which one data point is tabulated here. At the triple
point, ice can exist together with both liquid water and vapor. At higher temperatures, the
data are for water vapor only.

Water/steam data table at triple point pressure (0.0006117 MPa)

T C

cp

dm /kg

kJ/kg

kJ/kg

kJ/(kgK)

kJ/(kgK)

10 /K

mW /
(mK)

Pas

1.0002

0.04

0.04

0.0002

4.339

0.081

561.0

1792

1.0908

333.4

333.4

1.221

1.93

0.1

2180

1.0002

0.0

4.229

0.080

561.0

1791

205986

2500

2374

9.154

1.868

3.672

17.07

9.22

209913

2509

2381

9.188

1.867

3.605

17.33

9.34

10

213695

2519

2388

9.222

1.867

3.540

17.60

9.46

15

217477

2528

2395

9.254

1.868

3.478

17.88

9.59

20

221258

2537

2402

9.286

1.868

3.417

18.17

9.73

25

225039

2547

2409

9.318

1.869

3.359

18.47

9.87

30

228819

2556

2416

9.349

1.869

3.304

18.78

10.02

35

232598

2565

2423

9.380

1.870

3.249

19.10

10.17

40

236377

2575

2430

9.410

1.871

3.197

19.43

10.32

45

240155

2584

2437

9.439

1.872

3.147

19.77

10.47

50

243933

2593

2444

9.469

1.874

3.098

20.11

10.63

0.01

l
q

60

251489

2612

2459

9.526

1.876

3.004

20.82

10.96

70

259043

2631

2473

9.581

1.880

2.916

21.56

11.29

80

266597

2650

2487

9.635

1.883

2.833

22.31

11.64

90

274150

2669

2501

9.688

1.887

2.755

23.10

11.99

100

281703

2688

2515

9.739

1.891

2.681

23.90

12.53

200

357216

2879

2661

10.194

1.940

2.114

32.89

16.21

300

432721

3076

2811

10.571

2.000

1.745

43.26

20.30

500

583725

3489

3132

11.188

2.131

1.293

66.90

28.57

750

772477

4043

3571

11.808

2.307

0.977

100.20

38.47

1000

961227

4642

4054

12.331

2.478

0.785

136.30

47.66

Saturated vapor pressure[edit]

The following table is based on different, complementary sources and approximation
formulas, whose values are of various quality and accuracy. The values in the
temperature range of 100 C to 100 C were inferred from D. Sunday (1982) and are
quite uniform and exact. The values in the temperature range of the boiling point of water
up to the critical point (100 C to 374 C) are drawn from different sources and are
substantially less accurate; hence they should be used only as approximate values. [19][20]
[21][22]

To use the values correctly, consider the following points:

The values apply only to smooth interfaces and in the absence other gases or gas
mixtures such as air. Hence they apply only to pure phases and need a correction
factor for systems in which air is present.

The values were not computed according formulas widely used in the US, but using
somewhat more exact formulas (see below), which can also be used to compute
further values in the appropriate temperature ranges.

The saturated vapor pressure over water in the temperature range of 100 C to
50 C is only extrapolated [Translator's note: Supercooled liquid water is not known
to exist below 42 C].

The values have various units (Pa, hPa or bar), which must be considered when
reading them.

Formulas[edit]
The table values for 100 C to 100 C were computed by the following formulas,
where T is in kelvins and vapor pressures, Pw and Pi, are in pascals.
Over liquid water
loge(Pw) = 6094.4642 T1 + 21.1249952 2.724552102 T + 1.6853396105 T2 +
2.4575506 loge(T)
For temperature range: 173.15 K to 373.15 K or equivalently 100 C to 100 C
Over ice
loge(Pi) = 5504.4088 T1 3.5704628 1.7337458102 T + 6.5204209106 T2 +
6.1295027 loge(T)
For temperature range: 173.15 K to 273.15 K or equivalently 100 C to 0 C
At triple point
An important basic value, which is not registered in the table, is the saturated
vapor pressure at the triple point of water. The internationally accepted value
according to measurements of Guildner, Johnson and Jones (1976) amounts to:
Pw(ttp = 0.01 C) = 611.657 Pa 0.010 Pa at (1-) = 99%

Values of saturated vapor pressure of water

Temp
.

Pi(T) over

Pw(T) over

ice

water

in Pa

in Pa

0.001395

0.003630

0.001709

0.004412

0.002088

0.005348

0.002547

0.006469

0.003098

0.007806

0.003761

0.009399

T in
C

100

99

98

97

96

95

94

93

92

91

90

0.004556
9

0.005508
7

0.006645
5

0.008000
8

0.009613

Temp
.
T in
C

Pw(T) ove
r water
in hPa

Temp
.
T in
C

P(T)
in ba
r

Temp
.
T in

P(T)

Temp.

in ba

T in

6.11213

100

1.01

200

6.57069

101

1.05

201

7.05949

102

1.09

202

7.58023

103

1.13

203

8.13467

104

1.17

204

8.72469

105

1.21

205

0.011293

9.35222

106

1.25

206

0.013538

10.0193

107

1.30

207

0.016195

10.7280

108

1.34

208

0.019333

11.4806

109

1.39

209

0.023031

10

12.2794

110

1.43

210

15.5
5

15.8
8

16.2
1

16.5
5

16.8
9

17.2
4

17.6
0

17.9
6

18.3
2

18.7
0

19.0

P(T)
in bar

300

85.88

301

87.09

302

88.32

303

89.57

304

90.82

305

92.09

306

93.38

307

94.67

308

95.98

309

97.31

310

98.65

89

0.011528

0.027381

11

13.1267

111

1.48

211

88

0.013797

0.032489

12

14.0251

112

1.53

212

87

0.016482

0.038474

13

14.9772

113

1.58

213

86

0.019653

0.045473

14

15.9856

114

1.64

214

85

0.02339

0.053645

15

17.0532

115

1.69

215

84

0.027788

0.063166

16

18.1829

116

1.75

216

83

0.032954

0.074241

17

19.3778

117

1.81

217

82

0.039011

0.087101

18

20.6409

118

1.86

218

81

0.046102

0.10201

19

21.9757

119

1.93

219

80

0.054388

0.11925

20

23.3854

120

1.99

220

79

0.064057

0.13918

21

24.8737

121

2.05

221

78

0.075320

0.16215

22

26.4442

122

2.12

222

19.4
6

19.8
5

20.2
5

20.6
5

21.0
6

21.4
7

21.8
9

22.3
2

22.7
5

23.1
9

23.6
4

24.0

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

100.0
0

101.3
7

102.7
5

104.1
5

105.5
6

106.9
8

108.4
3

109.8
8

111.35

112.8
4

114.3
4

115.8

77

0.088419

0.18860

23

28.1006

123

2.18

223

76

0.10363

0.21901

24

29.8470

124

2.25

224

75

0.12127

0.25391

25

31.6874

125

2.32

225

74

0.14168

0.29390

26

33.6260

126

2.40

226

73

0.16528

0.33966

27

35.6671

127

2.47

227

72

0.19252

0.39193

28

37.8154

128

2.55

228

71

0.22391

0.45156

29

40.0754

129

2.62

229

70

0.26004

0.51948

30

42.4520

130

2.70

230

69

0.30156

0.59672

31

44.9502

131

2.78

231

68

0.34921

0.68446

32

47.5752

132

2.87

232

67

0.40383

0.78397

33

50.3322

133

2.95

233

66

0.46633

0.89668

34

53.2267

134

3.04

234

24.5
5

25.0
2

25.4
9

25.9
8

26.4
6

26.9
6

27.4
6

27.9
7

28.4
8

29.0
1

29.5
4

30.0

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

117.3
9

118.9
4

120.5
1

122.0
9

123.6
8

125.3
0

126.9
3

128.5
8

130.2
4

131.9
2

133.6
2

135.3

65

0.53778

1.0242

35

56.2645

135

3.13

235

64

0.61933

1.1682

36

59.4513

136

3.22

236

63

0.71231

1.3306

37

62.7933

137

3.32

237

62

0.81817

1.5136

38

66.2956

138

3.42

238

61

0.93854

1.7195

39

69.9675

139

3.51

239

60

1.0753

1.9509

40

73.8127

140

3.62

240

59

1.2303

2.2106

41

77.8319

141

3.72

241

58

1.4060

2.5018

42

82.0536

142

3.82

242

57

1.6049

2.8277

43

86.4633

143

3.93

243

56

1.8296

3.1922

44

91.0757

144

4.04

244

55

2.0833

3.5993

45

95.8984

145

4.16

245

54

2.3694

4.0535

46

100.939

146

4.27

246

30.6
2

31.1
8

31.7
4

32.3
1

32.8
8

33.4
7

34.0
6

34.6
6

35.2
7

35.8
8

36.5
1

37.1

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

137.0
7

138.8
2

140.5
9

142.3
7

144.1
8

146.0
0

147.8
4

149.7
1

151.5
8

153.4
8

155.4
0

157.3

53

2.6917

4.5597

47

106.206

147

4.39

247

52

3.0542

5.1231

48

111.708

148

4.51

248

51

3.4618

5.7496

49

117.452

149

4.64

249

50

3.9193

6.4454

50

123.4478

150

4.76

250

49

4.4324

7.2174

51

129.7042

151

4.89

251

48

5.0073

8.0729

52

136.2304

152

5.02

252

47

5.6506

9.0201

53

143.0357

153

5.16

253

46

6.3699

10.068

54

150.1298

154

5.29

254

45

7.1732

11.225

55

157.5226

155

5.43

255

44

8.0695

12.503

56

165.2243

156

5.58

256

43

9.0685

13.911

57

173.2451

157

5.72

257

42

10.181

15.463

58

181.5959

158

5.87

258

37.7
8

38.4
3

39.0
9

39.7
6

40.4
4

41.1
2

41.8
1

42.5
2

43.2
3

43.9
5

44.6
8

45.4

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

159.3
0

161.2
8

163.2
7

165.2
9

167.3
3

169.3
9

171.4
7

173.5
8

175.7
0

177.8
5

180.0
2

182.2

41

11.419

17.170

59

190.2874

159

6.03

259

40

12.794

19.048

60

199.3309

160

6.18

260

39

14.321

21.110

61

208.7378

161

6.34

261

38

16.016

23.372

62

218.5198

162

6.50

262

37

17.893

25.853

63

228.6888

163

6.67

263

36

19.973

28.570

64

239.2572

164

6.84

264

35

22.273

31.544

65

250.2373

165

7.01

265

34

24.816

34.795

66

261.6421

166

7.18

266

33

27.624

38.347

67

273.4845

167

7.36

267

32

30.723

42.225

68

285.7781

168

7.55

268

31

34.140

46.453

69

298.5363

169

7.73

269

30

37.903

51.060

70

311.7731

170

7.92

270

46.1
6

46.9
2

47.6
9

48.4
6

49.2
5

50.0
5

50.8
5

51.6
7

52.4
9

53.3
3

54.1
7

55.0

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

184.4
3

186.6
6

188.9
3

191.2
1

193.5
2

195.8
6

198.2
2

200.6
1

203.0
2

205.4
7

207.9
3

210.4

29

42.046

56.077

71

325.5029

171

8.11

271

28

46.601

61.534

72

339.7401

172

8.31

272

27

51.607

67.466

73

354.4995

173

8.51

273

26

57.104

73.909

74

369.7963

174

8.72

274

25

63.134

80.902

75

385.6459

175

8.92

275

24

69.745

88.485

76

402.0641

176

9.14

276

23

76.987

96.701

77

419.0669

177

9.35

277

22

84.914

105.60

78

436.6708

178

9.57

278

21

93.584

115.22

79

454.8923

179

9.80

279

20

103.06

125.63

80

473.7485

180

19

113.41

136.88

81

493.2567

181

18

124.70

149.01

82

513.4345

182

10.0
3

10.2
6

10.5

280

281

282

55.8
9

56.7
7

57.6
6

58.5
6

371

372

373

374

212.9
6

215.5
3

218.1
3

220.6
4

59.4

374.1

221.2

60.3
8

61.3
1

62.2
5

63.2
0

64.1
7

65.1
4

66.1

17

137.02

162.11

83

534.3000

183

16

150.44

176.23

84

555.8714

184

15

165.06

191.44

85

578.1673

185

14

180.97

207.81

86

601.2068

186

13

198.27

225.43

87

625.0090

187

12

217.07

244.37

88

649.5936

188

11

237.49

264.72

89

674.9806

189

10

259.66

286.57

90

701.1904

190

283.69

310.02

91

728.2434

191

309.75

335.16

92

756.1608

192

337.97

362.10

93

784.9639

193

368.52

390.95

94

814.6743

194

10.7
4

10.9
8

11.2
3

11.4
9

11.7
5

12.0
1

12.2
8

12.5
5

12.8
3

13.1
1

13.4
0

13.6

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

67.1
2

68.1
3

69.1
5

70.1
8

71.2
2

72.2
7

73.3
4

74.4
2

75.5
1

76.6
1

77.7
2

78.8

401.58

421.84

95

845.3141

195

437.31

454.88

96

876.9057

196

475.92

490.19

97

909.4718

197

517.62

527.93

98

943.0355

198

562.62

568.22

99

977.6203

199

611.153

611.213

100

1013.25

200

Pi(T) over

Pw(T) over

ice

water

in Pa

in Pa

Temp
.
T in
C

Temp
.
T in
C

Pw(T) ove
r water
in hPa

Temp
.
T in
C

13.9
9

14.2
9

14.6
0

14.9
1

15.2
2

15.5
5

P(T)
in ba
r

295

296

297

298

299

300

Temp
.
T in
C

79.9
9

81.1
4

82.3
1

83.4
8

84.6
7

85.8
8

P(T)

Temp.

in ba

T in

References[edit]
1. Jump up^ David R. Lide CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics CRC Press, 2004, p. 6-15 ISBN 0-8493-0485-7
2. Jump up^ Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Rizzo, Thomas R.; Boyarkin, Oleg
V. (2006). "A direct measurement of the dissociation energy of
water". The Journal of Chemical Physics 125 (18):
181101. doi:10.1063/1.2387163.

SiCl4

P(T)
in bar

Solids - Specific Heats

A comprehensive list of some common solids as brick, cement, glass
and many more - and their specific heats - imperial and SI units
Sponsored Links

Specific heat capacity of some common solids can be found in the table below:

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Agate

0.80

Aluminum bronze

0.436

Aluminum, 0oC

0.21

0.87

Antimony

0.05

0.21

Apatite

0.2

0.84

Arsenic

0.348

Artificial wool

1.357

Asbestos cement board

0.2

0.84

Asbestos mill board

0.2

0.84

Ashes

0.2

0.84

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Asphalt

0.22

0.92

Augite

0.19

0.8

Bakelite. wood filler

0.33

1.38

Bakelite. asbestos filler

0.38

1.59

Barite

0.11

0.46

Barium

0.07

0.29

Basalt rock

0.2

0.84

Beeswax

0.82

3.4

Beryl

0.2

0.84

Beryllium
Bismuth

1.02
0.03

Boile scale

0.13
0.80

Bone

0.11

0.44

Borax

0.24

Boron

0.31

1.3

Brass

0.09

0.38

Brick, common

0.22

0.9

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Brick, hard

0.24

Bronze, phosphor

0.09

Cadmium

0.06

0.25

Calcite 32 - 100F

0.19

0.8

Calcite 32 - 212F

0.2

0.84

Calcium

0.15

0.63

Calcium carbonat

0.18

Calcium sulfate

0.27

Carbon, Diamond

0.12

0.52

Carbon, Graphite

0.17

0.71

Carborundum

0.16

0.67

Cassiterite

0.09

0.38

Cement dry

0.37

1.55

Cement powder

0.2

0.84

Cellulose

0.37

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Celluloid

0.36

Charcoal

0.24

Chalk

0.22

0.9

Chalcopyrite

0.13

0.54

Charcoal, wood

0.24

Chromium

0.12

0.5

Clay

0.22

0.92

Coal, anthracite

0.3

1.26

Coal, bituminous

0.33

1.38

Cobalt

0.11

0.46

Coke

0.2

0.85

Concrete, stone

0.18

0.75

Concrete, light

0.23

0.96

Constantan

0.41

Copper

0.09

0.39

Cork, Corkboard

0.45

1.9

Corundum

0.1

0.42

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Cotton

0.32

Diamond

0.15

0.63

Dolomite rock

0.22

0.92

Duralium
Earth, dry

0.92
0.3

1.26

Electron

1.00

Emery

0.96

Fats

0.46

Fiberboard, light

0.6

2.5

Fiber hardboard

0.5

2.1

Fire brick

0.25

1.05

Fluorite

0.22

0.92

Fluorspar

0.21

0.88

Galena

0.05

0.21

Garnet

0.18

0.75

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Glass

0.2

0.84

Glass, crystal

0.12

0.5

Glass, plate

0.12

0.5

Glass, Pyrex

0.18

0.75

Glass, window

0.2

0.84

Glass-wool

0.16

0.67

Gold

0.03

0.13

Granite

0.19

0.79

Graphite

0.17

0.71

Gypsum

0.26

1.09

Hairfelt

0.5

2.1

Hermatite

0.16

0.67

Hornblende

0.2

0.84

Hypersthene

0.19

0.8

Ice -112oF

0.35

1.47

Ice -40oF

0.43

1.8

Ice -4oF

0.47

1.97

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Ice 32oF (0oC)

0.49

2.09

India rubber min

0.27

1.13

India rubber max

0.98

4.1

Ingot iron

0.49

Iodine

0.218

Iridium

0.03

0.13

Iron, 20oC

0.11

0.46

Labradorite

0.19

0.8

Lava

0.2

0.84

Limestone

0.217

0.908

Litharge

0.21

Lead

0.03

0.13

Leather, dry

0.36

1.5

Lithium

0.86

3.58

Magnetite

0.16

0.67

Malachite

0.18

0.75

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Manganese

0.11

0.46

Magnesia (85%)

0.2

0.84

Magnesium

1.05

Marble, mica

0.21

0.88

Mercury

0.03

0.14

Mica

0.12

0.5

Mineral wool blanket

0.2

0.84

Molybdenum

0.272

Nickel

0.461

Oliglocose

0.21

0.88

Orthoclose

0.19

0.8

Osmium

0.130

Oxide of chrome

0.75

Paper

0.33

1.336

Paraffin wax

0.7

2.9

Specific Heat
- cp Product

Peat

(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

0.45

1.88

Phosphorbronze

0.36

Phosphorus

0.80

Pig iron, white

0.54

Pinchbeck

0.38

Pit coal

1.02

Plaster, light

0.24

Plaster, sand

0.22

0.9

Plastics, foam

0.3

1.3

Plastics, solid

0.4

1.67

Platinum, 0oC

0.032

0.13

Porcelain

0.26

1.07

Potassium

0.13

0.54

Pyrex glass

0.2

0.84

Pyrolusite

0.16

0.67

Pyroxylin plastics

0.36

1.51

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Quartz mineral 55 - 212oF

0.19

0.8

Quartz mineral 32oF (0oC)

0.17

0.71

Red lead

0.092

Red metal

0.381

Rhenium

0.14

Rhodium

0.24

Rock salt

0.22

Rosin
Rubber

0.92
1.30

0.48

Rubidium

2.01
0.33

Salt

0.21

0.88

Sand, dry

0.19

0.80

Sandstone

0.22

0.92

Sawdust

0.21

0.9

Selenium
Serpentine

0.33
0.26

1.09

Specific Heat
- cp Product

Silica aerogel

(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

0.2

0.84

Silicon

0.75

Silicon, carbide

0.67

Silk

0.33

1.38

Silver, 20oC

0.056

0.23

Slate

0.76

Sodium

0.3

1.26

Soil, dry

0.19

0.80

Soil, wet

0.35

1.48

Steatite

0.83

Steel

0.49

Stone

0.2

0.84

Stoneware

0.19

0.8

Sulphur, sulfur

0.17

0.71

Tantalium
Tar

0.138
0.35

1.47

Specific Heat
- cp Product

Tellurium

(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

0.05

0.21

Thorium
Tile hollow

0.14
0.15

0.63

Timber, see wood

Tin

0.24

Titanium

0.47

Topaz

0.21

0.88

Tungsten

0.03

0.134

Uranium

0.117

Vanadium

0.12

0.5

Vermiculite

0.2

0.84

Vulcanite

0.33

1.38

Wax

3.43

Welding iron

0.515

White metal

0.147

Wood, balsa

0.7

2.9

Specific Heat
- cp Product
(Btu/lbmoF)
(kcal/kgoC)

(kJ/kg K)

Wood, oak

0.48

Wood, white pine

0.6

2.5

Wool, loose

0.3

1.26

Wool, felt

0.33

1.38

Zinc

1 Btu/lbmoF = 4186.8 J/kg K = 1 kcal/kgoC

T (oC) = 5/9[T (oF) - 32]

T (oF) = [T (oC)](9/5) + 32

0.38