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SUPREME COURT
Manila City
From where do our rights as human beings emanate? Are they granted to us by the
constitution, being the supreme law of the land, alone?
As defined, natural rights exist before constitutions and independently of
them. Constitutions enumerate such rights and provide against their deprivation or
infringement, but do not create them. It is supposed that all power, all rights, and all
authority are vested in the people before they form or adopt a constitution. By such an
instrument, they create a government, and define and limit the powers which the
constitution is to secure and the government respect. But they do not thereby invest the
citizens of the commonwealth with any natural rights that they did not before possess.
The right against unreasonable search and seizure is a core right implicit in the
natural right to life, liberty and property. It is a natural right that precedes the
constitution and does not depend on positive law. The government cannot claim that a
person is not entitled to the right for the reason alone that there was no constitution
granting the right at the time the search was conducted.
Before this Court is a petition seeking the court to order the return of the confiscated
items of Elizabeth Dimaano for the violation of her right against illegal search and
seizure.
Statement of Facts
Immediately upon her assumption to office following the successful EDSA
Revolution, then President Corazon C. Aquino issued Executive Order No. 1 (EO No.
1) creating the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG). EO No. 1