ASPECT OF

COMPARISION

FORMAL

formal education is state or

privately operated to provide a

structured education system.

They lead to formal certification
The learning have been organize
and structured
Have a rigid curriculum

Characteristics

The role of
Curriculum

EDUCATION
INFORMAL

Structure and the syllabus of formal

education plan and organize by the
Ministry involve

Essential to an adults lifelong

learning
Essential to a childs early

development
Education conducted outside of

NON FORMAL

Continuing education
Education for self-developme

and career development

Education conducted outside o

the formal education system

They lead to certification at th

final of program
Non formal learning is organi
Certificate have been provide
Have a curriculum

the formal and non formal

education system.
They do not lead to any formal

certification
Informal learning is never

organized
Informal learning is often

spontaneous
There is no formal curriculum

non structure and not involving fixed

syllabus

Structure but the syllabus were organ

by the organizer

Formal education taught in some of the

stages. It includes preschool education, Informal learning usually takes place
primary education, secondary education outside educational establishments.
and tertiary education (university level).

Principles

It is not necessarily planned to be

pedagogically conscious, systematic and
according to subjects, but rather
Preschool Education
Preschool education was exposed to the unconsciously incidental, holistically
problem-related, and related to situation
children at the early age of five year old management and fitness for life. It is
until six.
experienced directly in its "natural"
Preschool education was to provide function of everyday life and is often
spontaneous.
children with a strong socialist base before
getting formal education.
Primary Education
Education at the primary level started when
the children were at seven year old and
they will be exposed to the Primary
education for five to seven years.

nadia tlg isi yg ni insyaAllah esk ain

free ain dtg umh nadia

Education is associated with a

particular group klientele and meet a
specific educational goal system.
Consists of three major systems
implementation (delivery system),
system expertise (expert systems) and
system klientele (clientele system).
Interaction of these three systems affe
the policies, management and
administration as well as non-formal
education program
.
It provides an opportunity for every
to engage in the process of lifelo
education .

2. Ianya merangkumi berbagai-bagai

aspek kehidupan.
3. Ianya dijalankan secara fleksibel.
4. Ianya dijalankan oleh berbagai-bag
agensi dan institusi.
5. Ianya ditujukan kepada semua
golongan masyarakat.

Secondary Education
Secondary education is given to the citizen
who has attained at the age of 13 to 17 year
old.
Education at the secondary level is divided
into two stages, lower secondary and upper
secondary education. Lower secondary
education for form 1 to form 3 . While for
upper secondary education started from
form 4 to form 5.
Tertiary Education
SPM leavers who meet certain condition
can pursue their studies at higher level such
as form 6, diploma and matriculation as
foundation before they are getting into
university level.

Communities involved are limited based Within the community , such as family , Communities involved are not limited
friends , members of social groups and young people, adults or old peo
on the age and level of education received
anyone involved

However it focused on any spec

Community involve Implemented by teachers or lecturers who

groups

Place of learning

education

taught

in

formal

institution such as schools, colleagues and

universities.

learning technologies such as classrooms,

rooms,

goals

Formal places such school hall, semi

Occurs in a variety of places, such as at room, hotel, classroom, training cen

home,

work,

and

through

daily and other.

interactions and shared relationships

Equipped with infrastructure facilities and

lecture

specific

objectives.

are trained and qualified.

Formal

with

laboratories,

rooms, libraries, etc.

computer

among members of society

Equipped with infrastructure facili

and learning technologies.

Informal learning for young people is an

ongoing process that also occurs in a
variety of places, such as out of school
time, in youth programs at community
centers and media labs.

It sometimes has a system of evaluat

Informal assessments are not data
Formal assessments have data which driven but rather
support the conclusions made from the test. performance driven.

content

and

We usually refer to these types of tests as

not involves formative and summative

standardized measures.

Involves assessment at each stage who assessment

traveled either formative or summative
form.

Observations, checklists, and portfolios

are just some of the informal methods of
assessment available.

Formative Assessment

formative assessment is a evaluations Observation method

carried out continuously in the process of
Children are looking by a systematic
teaching and learning.
Assessment

formative way. This is important to enable children

assessment can provide feedback on the behavior and performance can be
extent to which the learning outcomes have identified.
Information

obtained

from

been mastered.
Teachers can learn about the strengths and
weaknesses and the potential of a student
and take appropriate corrective action.

or specific examinations and also aw

certificates to confirm their participat

and achievement

checklist method
Teachers can assess student progress in
many areas, including aspects that cannot

A list of behaviors identifying children's

skills and knowledge.

be evaluated centrally.
Enables to observe and easily check off
Summative Asssessment

what children know and are able to do

Summative evaluation is associated with

the assessment at the end of the year or at
the end of the semester.

Collection of children's work samples

This assessment gives a distinguished

achievement a student with other students
and is often used to make the selection
Ratings are based; UPSR, PMR, SPM and
STPM

are

usually

handled

by

the

Malaysian Examination Board.

Results -based evaluation can provide
information about student achievement
across the country.

portfolios method

and other products. This is to provide

documentation of a child's achievement
in specific areas over time.

rujukan
By G. S. Morrison Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall
Updated on Jul 15, 2013
Article

Formal vs. Informal Assessments by Brenda weaver

FORMAL, NON-FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION: CONCEPTS/APPLICABILITY
By Claudio Zaki Dib ,Institute of Physics ,University of So Paulo, Brazil
Presented at the Interamerican Conference on Physics Education, Oaxtepec, Mexico, 1987.
Published in Cooperative Networks in Physics Education - Conference Proceedings 173,
American Institute of Physics, New York, 1988, pgs. 300-315.

Pendidikan: Matlamat Dan Fungsinya Hussin Bin Sarju, Rohana Binti Hamzah, Amirmudin Bin Udin

PENDIDIKAN BUKAN FORMAL (PBF) DI MALAYSIA: CABARAN DAN HALA TUJU WAWASAN 2020
Mohd. Azhar Abd. Hamid Muhammed Fauzi Othman Zainudin Hassan Othman A. Kassim
Fakulti Pengurusan dan Pembangunan Sumber Manusia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Pentadbiran dan Pengurusan Sistem Pendidikan MalaysiaKe Arah Pendidikan Berkualiti

Oleh:Dr. Jamil AhmadUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan
Norlia Goolamally
Open University Malaysia