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According to OECD/World Bank, the population in Pakistan increased by 23 million from 1990 to 2008, with a
54% growth in population compared to 34% growth in
India and 38% growth in Bangladesh.[9]
1.2.1 Yearly population increase
Population
1.3 UN estimates[11]
1.4 Gender ratios
1.1
Geographic distribution
Vital statistics[11]
3.2 Literacy[21]
denition: aged 10 and over and can read and write as of
2008-09
2.1
Vital statistics[12]
2.2
2.3
Female: 45%
2.4
Male: 69%
3
3.1
Human development
Human Development Index
4.3
Languages
4.2
The most prevalent native languages appear in bold below, with the percentage of the population speaking them
as their rst language rounded to the nearest percentage
point:
Source:
4.3
[31]
Languages
the Ottoman Empire, and Afghanistan had on this transitional region. Urdu is a relatively new language in the contemporary sense but has undergone considerable modications and development borrowing heavily on the traditions of older languages such as Persian, Arabic, Turkish
and local South Asian languages, all of which can be
found in its vocabulary. It began as a standardized register of Hindi and in its spoken form. It is widely used,
both formally and informally, for personal letters as well
as public literature, in the literary sphere and in the popular media. It is a required subject of study in all primary and secondary schools. It is the rst language of
most Muhajirs (Muslim refugees that arrived from dierent parts of India after the independence of Pakistan in
1947), that form nearly 8% of Pakistans population and
is an acquired language. But nearly all of Pakistans native
ethnic groups representing almost 92% of the population
making Pakistan a unique country in the choice of national languages. As Pakistans national language, Urdu
has been promoted as a token of national unity. In recent
years, the Urdu spoken in Pakistan has undergone further
evolution and acquired a particularly Pakistani avour to
it often absorbing local native terminology and adopting a
strong Punjabi, Sindhi and Pashto leaning in terms of intonations and vocabulary. It is a modern language which
is constantly evolving from its original form. It is written
in a modied form of the Perso-Arabic script, Nastaliq,
and its basic Hindi-based vocabulary has been enriched
by words from Persian, Arabic, Turkic languages and English. Urdu has drawn inspiration from Persian literature and has now an enormous stock of words from that
language. In recent years, the Urdu spoken in Pakistan
has gradually incorporated words from many of the native languages found there including Pashto, Punjabi and
Sindhi to name a few. As such, the language is constantly developing and has acquired a particularly 'Pakistani' avour to it distinguishing itself from that spoken
in ancient times and in India. The rst poetry in Urdu was
by the poet Amir Khusro (12531325) and the rst Urdu
book Woh Majlis was written in 1728 and the rst time
the word Urdu was used by Sirajuddin Ali Khan Arzoo
in 1741.[32] The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir
(16581707) spoke Urdu (or Hindustani) uently as did
his descendents while his ancestors mostly spoke Persian
and Turkish.[33]
4.3.3
Punjabi
Pahari, Saraiki, Punjabi dialects are thus spoken by almost 60% of the population in Pakistan. The standard
Punjabi dialect is from Lahore, Sialkot, Gujranwala and
Sheikhupura districts of the Pakistani Punjab which was
used by Waris Shah (17221798) in his book Heer Ranjha and is also nowadays the language of Punjabi literature, lm and music, such as Lollywood. Other dialects
are Multani or Saraiki in the West and South, Pothowari
and Hindko in the North, Dogri in the mountain areas and
Shahpuri in the Sargodha district.
Punjabi is descended from Prakrit in the Vedic period
(1700 BC), Pali, and Apabhramsha in the Ashoka period
(273 BC 232 BC) and Hindvi, Lahori and Multani in the
Muslim period (711 AD 1857 AD). Punjabi literature
was principally spiritual in nature and has had a very rich
oral tradition. The great poetry written by Su saints has
been the folklore of the Punjab and is still sung with great
love in any part of the region.
4.3.4 Sindhi
Sindhi is a provincial language spoken as a second language by 15.5% of Pakistanis, mostly in Sindh. It has
a rich literature and is used in schools. It is an IndoAryan (Indo-European) language, derived from Sanskrit.
The Arabs ruled Sindh for more than 150 years after
Muhammad bin Qasim conquered it in 712 AD, remaining there for three years to set up Arab rule. Consequently, the social fabric of Sindh contains elements
of Arabic society. Sindhi is spoken by over 36 million people in Pakistan, and is the ocial language of
Sindh province. It is widely spoken in the Lasbela District of Balochistan (where the Lasi tribe speaks a dialect of Sindhi), many areas of the Naseerabad and
Jafarabad districts of Balochistan, and by the Sindhi diaspora abroad. Sindhi language has six major dialects:
Sireli, Vicholi, Lari, Thari, Lasi and Kachhi. It is written
in the Arabic script with several additional letters to accommodate special sounds. The largest Sindhi-speaking
cities are Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Shikarpur, Dadu,
Jacobabad, Larkana, Mirpur Khas, Thatta, Badin and
Nawabshah. Sindhi literature is also spiritual in nature.
Shah Abdul Latif Bhita'i (16891752) is one of its greatest poets, and wrote Sassi Punnun and Umar Marvi, folk
stories, in his famous book Shah Jo Risalo.
Sindhi dialects:
Sindhi Saraiki- a version of Saraiki language regarded as a dialect of Sindhi; spoken mainly in Upper Sindh.
Vicholi- in Vicholo, i.e. Central Sindh
Lari- in Laru, i.e. Lower Sindh
Lasi- in Lasa Belo, a part of Kohistan in
Baluchistan on the western side of Sindh
4.3
Languages
4.3.9 Hindko
Hindko is an ancient regional Indo-Aryan language spoken by Hindkowans in Pakistan. It is very similar to
northern dialects of Punjabi. The language is spoken in
the areas of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (including Hazara),
local people of Peshawar Punjab and Azad Kashmir by
an estimated 2.2 to 4 million people. During the preBuddhist era in present day Pakistan, the language of the
to Central Asia and Afghanistan, western Pakistani region of Waziristan principally around Kanigoram where
the Burki tribe dwells and in Pakistans urban centres of
Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. The autobiography of
Mughal emperor Babur, Tuzk Babari was also written in
Turkish.
Many Turkic speaking refugees, Uzbeks and Turkmens,
from Afghanistan have settled in Pakistan permanently.
They are also Uzbeks and Turkmen refugees that have
moved from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and settled in
Pakistan. Turkey also provides scholarships to large number of Pakistani students to study in Turkish universities.
The word Urdu is of Turkic origin, as Urdu was originally called Zaban-e-Ordu or language of the Army, Ordu
means army in many Turkic languages.
Kashmiri
Kashmiri ( )is an ancient Dardic language spoken in 4.3.14 Other Pakistani languages
Azad Kashmir, GilgitBaltistan and Punjab provinces of
Pakistan. There are over 100,000[41] Kashmiri speakers Numerous other languages are spoken by relatively small
in Pakistan.
numbers of people, especially in some of the more remote
and isolated places in, for example, the Northern Areas
of Pakistan.[42] Other Indo-European languages spoken in
4.3.11 Dari and Tajiki
Pakistan include Pothohari, Shina,Balti, Gujjari, Kutchi,
Wakhi, Kashmiri, Marwari, Memoni, Khowar, and Dari
Many Dari speakers and Tajiks, from Afghanistan have
Persian. Non-Indo-European languages include Brahui
settled in Pakistan permanently. There are also Tajiks
and Burushaski, a language isolate.
refugees from Tajikistan that have settled in Pakistan.
There are some languages that are spoken by less than a
thousand people, such as Aer.
4.3.12 Arabic
Main article: ArabPakistan relations
4.4 Classication
Arabic is considered to be the religious language of Pakistan. The Quran, Sunnah, Hadith and Muslim theology
is taught in Arabic with Urdu translation. The large numbers of Pakistanis living in the Persian Gulf region and
in other Middle Eastern countries has further increased
the number of people who can speak Arabic in Pakistan. Arabic is taught as a religious language in Mosques,
Schools, Colleges, Universities and Madrassahs. Nearly
all of Pakistans Muslim population has had some form
of education in the reading, writing and pronunciation of
the Arabic language.
4.4.1 Indo-European
Turkic
Most of Pakistans languages are Indo-European languages and within the smaller Indo-Iranian sub-branch.
7
people of Sindh in southern Pakistan and has a rich literary history of its own, traced back to the era of the
early Arab arrivals. The Dardic languages of Gilgit
Baltistan, Azad Kashmir and the northwestern mountains
are sometimes classied by many linguists as belonging
to the Indo-Aryan family. Other Indo-Aryan languages
include Gujarati, Kutchi, Memoni and others.
4.4.3 Burushaski
Burushaski is a language isolate, spoken by Burusho people in Hunza, Nagar, Yasin, and parts of the Gilgit valleys
in the GilgitBaltistan region of Pakistan.
SHINA Shina the largest language spoken in GilgitBaltistan in diamer,ghizer,some areas of baltistan, district
Dardic languages The Dardic languages are spoken in gilgit and Nagar district.
the northern Pakistan. They include Shina (spoken in
Gilgit, Chilas and Diamar), Khowar (spoken in Chitral,
Ghizer, Swat and the balti language (spoken in [baltistan] 5 Religion
including [skardu] district and [Ghanche] district. Majority of population living in the valley of Hunza, Nagar Main article: Religion in Pakistan
and Yasin speak Mishaski. Kalam Valley of upper Swat),
Kalash (spoken by Kalash tribe), Kohistani (spoken in upper Swat and Kohistan) and Kashmiri mostly by Immi- According to the CIA World Factbook, Library of
grants from Kashmir valley and by a few in the Neelum Congress, Oxford University, over 97% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 3% is ChrisDistrict.
tian, Hindu and others.[45][46][47] Majority of the Muslims
Kashmiri spoken in north east Azad Kashmir and the ad- practice Sunni with a signicant minority of Shi'as.
jacent Kashmir valley, (not to be confused with Pahari
language spoken in the lower Azad Kashmir) is one of Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hana
the Dardic languages that has a literary tradition that goes school, although there are some Hanbalis and Ahlul
well back into the history whereas other Dardic languages Hadeeth. The majority of Shia Muslims belong to
[45]
while a smaller number
spoken in northern Pakistan, do not have written litera- the IthnAshariyyah branch,
practice
Ismailism.
The
Ahmadi
Muslims make up apture. It is believed to be the result of the northern areas
proximately
2.2%
of
the
Muslim
population.
There are
of Pakistan having remained isolated in the mountain valsmall
non-Muslim
religious
groups,
including
Christians,
leys from the others for centuries.
Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Parsis, Bah's and
Zoroastrians (Parsis).
Iranian Pashto, Yidgha and Wakhi are Eastern Iranian
The religious breakdown of the Pakistani population is as
languages spoken in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan
follows:
and the GilgitBaltistan region of Pakistan. Balochi spoken in Balochistan is classied as a members of the
Muslims: 181,723,000
Northwestern Iranian languages.[44] If combined, Iranian
peoples who speak Pashto, Balochi, Yidgha and Wakhi
Christians: 2,700,000 (approx. 1.8%)
comprise about 18% of the population of Pakistan, and
Hindus: 1,800,000 (approx. 1.6%[47] )
are concentrated in the northwest and west of Pakistan.
Ahmadiyya in Pakistan
4.4.2
Brahui
Buddhists: 106,989[48]
Sikhs: 30,000
Brahui may or may not be a language isolate and many
origins have been hypothesized for it including Iranian
Zoroastrian/Parsis: 25,000 (many are undocuand Dravidian.[38] spoken in southern Pakistan, primarmented migrants from Iran)
ily in Kalat in Balochistan. The Brahui population
of Balochistan has been taken by some as the linguis Jews: 200
tic equivalent of a relict population, perhaps indicat Animists, Baha'i, Atheists: n/a
ing that Dravidian languages were formerly much more
widespread and were supplanted by the incoming IndoAryan languages.[39] However it has now been demonstrated that the Brahui could only have migrated to 6 Pakistanis around the world
Balochistan from central India after 1000 CE. The absence of any Avestan, an older Iranian language, loanwords in Brahui supports this hypothesis. The main Ira- 7 Sux of regions and towns
nian contributor to Brahui vocabulary, Balochi, is a western Iranian language like Kurdish, and moved to the area Main article: Geography of Pakistan
from the west only around 1000 CE.[40]
REFERENCES
9 References
[1]
-goth (Urdu:
) means settlement or town. Example: Yousuf Goth.
-istan (Urdu:
-nagar (Urdu:
) means settlement or town. Example: Islamnagar.
[9] CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 19712008 (pdf pages 83-85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) (original population ref OECD/ World Bank, e.g. in IEA Key
World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57)
-pur (Urdu: ) means settlement or town. Exam- [10] US Census:International Data Base (IDB)
ple: Khanpur.
-wal (Urdu: ) means settlement or town. Example: Khanewal.
-garhi means settlement or town. Example: Garhi
Khuda Bakhsh.
-wala (Urdu: ) means settlement or town. Example: Gujranwala.
See also
Pakistan
Punjab
Balochistan
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
Sindh
GilgitBaltistan
[21] untitled
Azad Kashmir
[22]
FATA
Pakistani people
Demography of Central Asia
10 External links
infopak.gov.pk Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting
Population Reference Bureau
statpak.gov.pk Population by mother tongue
African heritage,
10
11
11
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11.2
Images
11.3
Content license
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11.3
Content license