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What is emotion?
Emotion is characterized by:
1) physiological activation
2) expressive behaviors
3) subjective experience
Reuters/ Corbis
Physiological Similarities
Physiological responses may be similar
across various emotions.
http://joecarr.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/memorex-chair-man.jpg
horror film
anger-provoking film
sexually arousing film
boring film
Physiological Differences
Physical responses like finger
temperature and movement of
facial muscles change during
fear, rage, and joy.
Courtesy of Louis Schake/ Michael Kausman/ The New York Times Pictures
Attaching two golf tees to the face and making their tips
touch makes furrow on the forehead.
Expressed Emotion
emotion as nonverbal social
communication
Emotions as Adaptive
Darwin speculated that,
in the absence of
language, our ancestors
communicated with
facial expression.
Nonverbal facial
expression led to their
survival.
Reading Faces
http://www.g2conline.org/867
http://blog.lib.umn.edu/carls064/freealonzo/Schadenfreude.jpg
Schadenfreude
Amae
Fear
Causes of Anger
People are angered by foul odors, high
temperatures, traffic jams, and aches and
pains
People generally become angry with friends
and loved ones who commit wrongdoings,
especially if they are willful, unjustified, and
avoidable.
Catharsis Hypothesis
Venting anger through
action or fantasy achieves
emotional release or
catharsis.
Expressing anger breeds
more anger, and through
reinforcement, is habit
forming.
http://wildelycreative.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/anger.jpg
Anger
Cultural Differences
Expression of anger is encouraged in
individualized cultures compared to
cultures that promote group behavior.
Wolfgang Kaehler
Disgust
Happiness
People who are happy:
perceive the world as
safer
make decisions more
easily
are more cooperative
live healthier,
energized, and more
satisfied lives
Happiness
Relationship between emotion and
behavior:
Feel-Good, Do-Good phenomenon
Predictors of Happiness
Over a 40-year period, Americans became over twice as wealthy, but no happier.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/05/world/asia/index-ofhappiness-bhutans-new-leader-prefers-more-concretegoals.html?_r=0
Deceiving emotion
Duchenne smile
A real smile of
enjoyment, the
Duchenne smile,
involves activation
of muscles that are
not activated during
faked smiles.