20 hours theory=10 lessons

10 hours of practical lessons=5 lessons

Topic:

The development of the idea of European Unification

O1 The ideas of European Unification from ancient time until The World War II
O2 After war projects of European Reconstruction
O1 The ideas of European Unification from ancient time until the World War II
The unification of European territories in ancient time and middle ages was
realized by military methods. (Alexander Macedon s example who broadened
the territory of his empire). Ancient Roman Republic and later Roman Empire
became the first global state. It included within its borders: Western, Central,
South-Eastern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
The ideas of Dante Alighieri and abbot Dubua made the main contribution of
the development of the medieval concept about Europe.
Dante wanted to create such European unification where there would be
one universal state with different peoples of Europe and their different culture. The
state power and the church power had to be separated.
Abbot Dubua lived in the 14th century in France. He was the first to
proclaim the necessity of European Unification to provide by common efforts
peace and prosperity. He proposed to create Christian Republic and wanted all the
conflicts between states to be solved in peaceful way, with the help of special
courts.
Sen Simon the utopian socialist of the 18thcentury wanted to create a
new industrial society. He also wanted to realize some changes through National
Parliaments, as well as through European Public Authority.
He named three types of authority:
National Parliaments that would express private interests
General European Parliament that would express general interests
Special Authority that would regulate the relations between national
Parliaments and General European Parliament
Immanuel Kant a German philosopher of the second half of the 18th
century. He worked out the project of European federation for everlasting peace.
To achieve that aim it was necessary:
the will of the authority

the participation of people (working level of the society)

Otherwise there could be a revolution undertaken by the people and the result of
the revolution would be an installation of the Republic.
German Social Democrats: Marx and Angels worked out in the middle of
th
the 19 century, the project of federation that was necessary for the European
unification. At the same time that federation could provide the victory of the
socialist revolution and installation of the dictatorship of the working class
proletariat.
Winston Churchill in 1914 proposed to create the United States of Europe,
according to the example of the USA. The First World War began in the summer of
1914( 1918) and stopped the realization of Churchills plan.
In January of 1919 took place the Paris Peace Conference. It created the
system of collective security in Europe. Another important result of the conference
was the formation of the first international governmental organization: The League
of Nations. The main aim of the organization was to create a system of collective
security.
On the 5th of September 1929, the ex-minister of Foreign Affairs of
France, Aristit Brian, delivered a speech in the assembly of the League of Nations.
In that speech he proposed a project of the unification of European states, to
provide peace and security. The Brians project was based on the theory of Pan
Europe theory (the whole Europe). The father of that theory was the Austrian
diplomat Richard Kudenhove-Kalergi. According to his opinion it was necessary to
create European Federation that would unite European countries.
The book Pan Europe written by Richard Kudenhove-Kalergi gave the
most important points for the future integration of Europe:
to unite European states according to the USA example which was possible within
League of Nations
to sign a treaty between European countries about borders
to create a defensive union for the protection from Russian domination in Europe
(Eastern borders)
to prepare the creation of the Customs Union in order to escape the economical
crash/crisis in Europe
So there were made many efforts to develop the idea of European
unification and even to realize it. Those efforts were based on the fact that
European continent is represented by the countries with many common features in
the development of culture, Christian religion and similar mentality.

O2 After war projects of European Reconstruction

After the Second World War there was an impression that there wouldnt be
any interstate conflicts as the United Nations Organization was created in April of
1945 in San-Francisco. Its main aim was and is to provide security in any part of
the world.
In 1946 once again contradictions appeared between the Soviet Union and
West Allies. Great Britain, France and Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands,
Luxembourg) formed West Union in 1948 in order to strengthen their military
potential.
In 1954 West Union was transformed into West European Union and 5 new
states became its members: Greece, Spain, Italy, Germany and Portugal.
In 2002 this organization dissolved and its assets were transferred to
European Union.
In 1945 on 9th of May, George Marshall proposed to European countries a
plan of financial and technical assistance for the restoration of their economical
potential (13 billion $). The main result of that plan was that Western European
states developed financial, economical and technological cooperation.
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed in April of 1949. Twelve
countries founded this organization. At the moment 28 states are the members of
NATO.
The most important article of this organization is Article Nr.5 which states
that any aggression against one state member must be considered as the aggression
against all member states.
NATO is an international governmental organization with political military
character. Republic of Moldova is a neutral state, according to its the Constitution
and this is why Moldova cant become a member of NATO. Moldovas
participation in NATO has the form of relations according to the program
Partnership for Peace. Moldova has joined this program since 1994.
NATOs head-office is in Brussels (Belgium). Its general secretary is Anders
Fogh Rasmussen, the ex-prime-minister of Denmark.
The Council of Europe was formed on 9th of May 1945. The initiator of its
establishment was the French minister of Foreign Affairs Robert Schuman. The
aim of this organization is to support the democratic institutes, to strengthen the
rights and liberties of the citizens of Europe.
At the moment there are 47 state members of the Council of Europe.
Republic of Moldova has become a state member since 1995.

The head-office of the Council of Europe is in Strasbourg. The general

secretary is elected for 5 years. At the moment it is Thorbjrn Jagland from
Norway (2009-2014).
In the second part in the 20th century there started the introduction of
some projects within European states. Their aim was to develop and to support the
cooperation and unification of policies of West European Countries. Marshalls
plan put the foundation of financial and economic cooperation. The creation of
NATO promoted military, political cooperation and the creation of the Council of
Europe assisted the political cooperation.