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News report
The poultry farm owners had been warned.
The villagers have demanded shifting or
closure of the poultry farms.
The villagers also staged an agitation in front
of the deputy commissioners office recently
in support of their demand.
Mangalore
Davangere
Bangalore
Rural Coimbatur
About presentation
Introduction
Distribution
Life Cycle
Damage and their Importance
Threshold
Management
Control
Introduction
The House fly is a pest of both farm and
home.
It is a well-known cosmopolitan, always found
in association with human activities.
It is the most common species found in
piggery , Dairy, poultry farms and horse
stables.
Any filth, garbage encourage the activity of fly.
Fly Nuisance
House fly
Common name:
house fly
Scientific name:
Musca domestica
Linnaeus
Insecta: Diptera
Family: Muscidae
Life cycle
Four distinct stages:
1.Egg,
2.Larva or maggot,
3.Pupa and
4.Adult
Life Cycle-------Eggs
Egg: Depending on the
size of a female fly, can
lay up to 500 eggs in a
three to four day
period.
Eggs are white in
color and are usually
less than half an inch in
size.
Life cycle------PUPA
Pupa: After about four to
10 days, a maggot will
move to higher, drier
ground to move into
the pupa stage of its life.
In about three to six
days, the maggot encases
inself in a reddish-brown
skin where the
final stages of
development take place.
ADULT FLY
Adult: Once the adult house fly
hatches from the pupal stage, it
has an approximate life span of 15
to 30 days.
Females are able to start
producing eggs after two days of
life and will continue to lay
eggs for about a month.
Female house flies are
usually larger than the males.
Control measures
The more commonly used control measures for
house flies are:
Sanitation, hygiene & Biosecurity measures
Use of traps,
Biological control
Spray of Insecticides,
An integrated fly control has to be
implemented.
1.Cultural Practices
The cultural practice of adding large amounts
of water to the manure creates a habitat
unsuitable for the breeding of house flies.
Preventing feed spoilage and keeping the
feeds dry reduce habitats for fly breeding.
Preventing moisture in potential fly breeding
areas is the critical cultural factor in fly
control.
Physical Methods
Removing manure frequently and
thoroughly, or keeping it dry,
reduces the habitat for fly larval
development.
The compactness of manure will
affect the amount of fly breeding
Manure management
Fresh poultry manure is approximately 60 to
80% moisture.
If the moisture level can be reduced to
approximately 30%, flies will no longer find an
ideal site for laying
Another method of making manure
unattractive to flies, is to add water and make
the manure liquid.
Cleaning in Cages
Frequent flushing
and scraping, and
disposal of the
manure into a
lagoon, is effective
provided lagoon
design and
maintenance is
satisfactory.
Use of scraper
Scraper in a shallow-pit type, caged-layer
poultry house.
3.Biological control
A number of species of hymenopterous parasites
also visit the manure and lay eggs in fly puparia.
These parasites then develop inside the fly
pupae, killing the flies as a result.
Introduction of parasites, beetles and wasps
Lifecycle of Parasite
Biological Controlcont
Wasp spps
Chalcidoid wasps
(Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae),
Muscidifurax and
S
phalangia spp
Predatory insects
(especially histerids
[Coleoptera: Histeridae]
and staphylinids
[Coleoptera:
Staphylinidae])
Parasite flies
Parasite, Spalangia sp.,
oviposts in
the puparium of a
house fly.
Biological control..cont
The larva of the black
dump fly,
Hydrotaea (=Ophyra
aenescens), is also
regaining popularity as
a biological control
agent for controlling
house flies on poultry
farms without the use
of pesticides.
Adults of the
macrochelid
mite, Glyptholaspis
confusa, feeding on
house fly eggs
Funguscont
It takes five to seven days for a flies to die after its
cuticle has been penetrated by fungus.
To be active, the spores need humid conditions.
Therefore, even though many fungi are able to
kill flies, the natural fungal population level is
rarely high enough to have a significant impact on
fly populations.
Fungi form stages resistant to dry conditions, in
order to survive throughout the year.
4. Chemical control
Residual insecticides on adjacent
vegetation an around building
Apply larvicides to manure
Fly bait stations (adulticides)
Paint-on/misting for adult fly
control
4.Chemical control
Application of adulticides, or larvicides to
directly or indirectly suppress adult densities.
Residual wall sprays can be applied where the
flies congregate.
Resistance to Permethrin develops more
rapidly in fly populations from farms on a
continuous permethrin regime than in farms
in which permethrin and diclorvos have been
alternated.
Chemical controlcont
Pyriproxifen is a pyridine-based pesticide
which is found to be effective against a variety
of arthropoda.
Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog,
preventing larvae from developing into
adulthood and thus rendering them unable to
reproduce.
Chemical controlcont
Pyrethrins [0.1% - 0.6%] + Piperonyl Butoxide [1% 6%]
Ready-to-use oil spray; apply as mist or fog. Spray at a
rate of 1-2 seconds per 1,000 cubic feet. Close windows
and doors for 15 min. or double dosage if area cant be
closed.
Dichlorvos [43.2%] Mix with water as instructed on
label, apply as mist or fog.
Tetrachlorvinphos [50%] walls and ceilings Mix with
water as instructed on label, apply to inside or outside
Permethrin [5.7% to 25%] Check label for specific
application instructions.
Tetrachlorvinphos [23%] and
Chemical control.
Outdoors, the control of flies includes the use
of boric acid in the bottom of dumpsters,
treatment of vertical walls adjacent to
dumpsters and other breeding sites with
microencapsulated or wettable powder
formulation, and the use of fly baits near adult
feeding sources.
Dry Litter
Dry Litter
Dry Litter
Dry Litter
Dry Litter
Clean Farm
Clean Farm is a
Healthy Farm
Keep the farm
fly free !