Lecture notes section 1

Microbes:

Microbiology enters into other areas.

Why used in research:

Specific fields in microbiology

Immunology
Bacteriology
Phycology
Mycology
Protozoology
Parasitiology
Virology
Epidemiology
Etiology
Biotechniology

bioremediation

Chemotherapy
Antibiotics
Synthetic drugs
Drug resistance
Vaccines

Scientific names-

Taxonomic system:
Domain

dear

Kingdom

king

Phylum / Division

Phillip / David

Class

called

Order

out

Family

fifty

Genus

good

Species

soldiers

Varieties

Domain Archeabacteria
Kingdom Archeabacteria

Domain Eubacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria

Domain Eukarya
Kingdom algae
Kingdom protozoa
Kingdom slime molds
Kingdom fungi
Kingdom plantae
Kingdom animalia

Virus:

History of microbiology
Basic dietary laws in Bible and other religion
Ancient herbal medicine
Greeks making mead
Wine and cheese industries

Robert Hooke 1665

Rudolf Virchow 1858

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

Edward Jenner

Francesco Redi

Pasteur

Robert Koch
Kochs postulates

John Lister

Flemming

Watson crick

Scientific theory
Hypothesis
Theory
Control variables
Dependent variables
Controls
Graphing x and y axis

Microscopes

Total magnification calculations

Resolving power

Light
Reflection
Transmission
Absorption
Refraction

Light microscopes
Parfocal
Parcentered
Compound light
Bright field
Dark field
Phase contrast
Nomarski (differential interference contrast)
Fluorescent microscope

Confocal microscope
Two photon microscope

Acustic misroscope

Electron microscopes
Transmission electron microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Scanning tunneling microscope
Atomic force microscope

Light microscope slides

Wet mount

Smears

Stains
Cationic dyes -Anionic dyes -

Simple stains

Differential stains

Gram Stain

Ziehl Neelson acid fast stain

Negative stains

Shaffer Fulton Endospore stain

Flagellar stains

Prokaryotic cells

Shapes
Coccus
Coccobacillus

Bacillus
Vibrio
Spirillium
Spirochete

Pliomorphic-

Arrangements
Diplo
Strepto
Staphly
Tetrads
Sarcina

CELL STRUCTURES PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Glycocalyx

Flagella
Monotrichous

Emphitrichous
Lophotrichous
Peritrichous
Atrichous

Axial filaments or endoflagella

Pili

Cell wall
Prokaryotic cells
Gram positive
Gram negative
Acid fast

controlling bacteria by damaging cell wall

Plasma membrane
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cell

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Nuclear region or nucloid

DNA prokaryotid

Internal membranes ----

Inclusion bodies
Granules
Vesicles of vacuoles

Cytoskeleton

Biofilms

Endospores

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Glycocalyx

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

DNA

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes
Peroxisomes

Vacuoles

Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

Cytoskeleton

External structures

Flagella
Cilia
Pseudopodia

Cell wall
Plants and algae
Fungi

MOVEMENT ACROSS MEMBRANES

Osmosis
Across cell membrane, selectively permeable
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hyptonic

Faciliated diffusion
channel proteins

Active transport
Carrier proteins
Group translocation
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Exocytosis