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Section A
1. Define the terms Railway Transportation and Railway Engineering.
Ans:
Railway Transportation: The transportation of men and material with the help of railways is known as
railway transportation. Railways tracks are made for providing facilities of transportation.
Railway Engineering: It is the branch of engineering which deals with the design, construction and
maintenance of railway tracks is referred as railway engineering.
2. Name the different modes of transportation.
Ans: The different modes of transportation are:
a. Railways
b. Road Transport
c. Air Transport
d. Water ways
e. Seaways
3. What are the advantages of Railways?
Ans. Following are the advantages of railways:
Railways have united the people of different castes, religions, customs and traditions and thus
strengthen national unity.
Railways provide a convenient and safe means of transport for the country.
Railway provides employment to millions of people and thus helps in solving the
unemployment problems.
Items
B.G
M.G
1.
120 km/hr
75 km/hr
2.
100 km/hr
75 km/hr
3.
20 years
30
4.
GMT/Annum
10
2.5
5.
Rail section
52 kg/m
37.2 kg/m
Length
length
Ans:
Trunk Routes: The specifications for trunk routes have been specified by the Indian Railways for Broad
Gauge and Medium Gauge Trunks. Six routes on broad gauge and medium gauge are referred as trunk
routes.
Main Lines: Indian railways have classified all lines other than trunk routes as main lines which carry 10
gross million tonnes per annum (GMT) or more for BG and 2.5 GMT or more for MG.
10. Write the full form of the following:
RITES, IRCON, IRFC, CONCOR
Ans:
RITES- Rail India Technical and Economic Services Ltd.
IRCON- Indian Railways Construction Company Ltd.
IRFC Indian Railways Finance Corporation
CONCO Container Corporation of India.
11. Why Uniformity of gauges is desirable in any country?
(Nov 2014)
Ans: The uniformity of gauges is desirable in any country due to the following reasons:
a. The delay, cost and hardship in transshipping passengers and goods from the vehicles of one gauge
to another is avoided.
b. As the transshipping is not required, there is no breakage of goods.
c. Difficulties in loading and unloading are avoided and labour expenses are saved.
d. Large sheds to store goods are not required.
e. Locomotives can be effectively used on all the tracks if a uniform type of gauge is adopted.
12. What are the different types of Gauges used on Indian Railways?
Ans: The different gauges prevalent in India are of the following:1. Broad Gauge (1676 mm): It is also known as standard gauge in India. When the clear horizontal
distance between the interfaces of two parallel rails forming a track is 1676mm, the broadest gauge
of the world.
2. Meter Gauge (1000 mm): When the clear horizontal distance between the inner faces of two
parallel rails forming a track is 1000 mm, the gauge is known as Meter Gauge.
3. Narrow Gauge (762 mm and 610 mm): When the clear horizontal distance between the inner faces
of two parallel rails forming a track is either 762 mm or 610 mm, the gauge is known as narrow
gauge. It is also known as Feeder gauge or light gauge.
Section B
1. Discuss the importance of railways as a transport system in a developing
country like India.
Ans: Page 5-6 (AP Singh)
S.No Items Of
Comparisons
Road
Flexible or rigid pavement
Railways
1.
Nature of Track
2.
Service
Commuters
3.
Transportation Cost
4.
Nature of Traffic
5.
Stress
concentrated
loads
of
Speeds
Since the road is free for all Comparatively higher speeds can
kinds of traffic the speed has to be achieved because there is no
be restricted
obstruction on the track
7.
Cost of Construction
8.
Cost
Maintenance
Of Comparatively
9.
Change
track/highway
3. What do you mean by Track Capacity? Discuss the important measures to be taken to
increase the track capacity.
Ans: 3.2 -3.3 (Saxena)
4. What are the various factors governing the choice of different types of gauges on Indian
Railway track?
Ans: The following factors governs the choice among the different gauges:
1. Availability of funds: The selection of a particular gauge depends upon the available funds for the
railway projects. The construction of broad gauge requires more fund than the Meter or narrow
gauge due to following reasons:
-
Wider gauge requires more land width and hence land acquisition cost is more.
Volume of earthwork is more for wider gauge and hence land earthwork is more.
2. Volume Of nature of traffic: For heavier loads and high speed traffic, wider gauge are preferred.
Wider gauge have more load carrying capacity and hence the operating cost of trains per ton per
km run is less.
3. Future Development of the Area: Wider gauge are generally preferred in areas which have the
prospect of future development. Due to development of a particular area the intensity and nature of
traffic changes. Once a track is laid on an area it is not economical feasible to change the width of
the gauge frequently and hence wider gauge are provided in areas of future development. Narrow
gauge is used to develop thinly populated areas by joining poorly developed areas with developed
or urban areas.
4. Physical Features of The Country: In hilly regions where broad and meter gauge tracks are
difficult to lay due to steep gradient and sharp curves, narrow gauge are provided.
5. Speed of traffic: The speed of a train is almost proportional to the gauge. Speed is the function of
diameter of wheel and the diameter of wheel is limited by the gauge. Generally the wheel diameter
is 0.75 times that of a gauge. Hence for higher speed of traffic broad gauges are preferred.
Section C
1. Describe the achievements of Indian Railways through Five Year Plans.
Ans: 1.7 1.9 (SC Saxena)
2. Define Gauge of a railway track. Enumerate different gauges used in India and Abroad
and discuss their suitability at different locations with reasons.
3.3 3.5 Saxena
(b) In certain parts of the infrastructure, the technology is 2025 years behind some of the
developed railway systems. Consequently the productivity levels are comparatively low.
(c) Indian Railways has a large force of unskilled manpower. The training facilities need
augmentation and modernization.
(d) A persistent resource constraint in the past has adversely affected the Railways
development.
(e) Indian Railways carries a substantial social burden in the form of continued operation
of un-remunerative branch lines, subsidies on passenger and suburban travel, and even
freight subsidy on certain commodities.
(f) In certain areas, pilferage and vandalism seriously affect operational efficiency.
(g) Railways are not suited for carriage of small quantities of freight particularly over short
distances.
(h) Heavy investments are needed to build up railway transport capacity and the
gestation periods are long.
(i) Transport capacity is volatile and cannot be recouped if not utilized continuously.