Seasons Booklet en Screenhu44r158

Design and realiZation
Medienfabrik Gtersloh GmbH,

branch office Leverkusen
PHOTOs
Publisher
Bayer Bee Care Center
Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50
40789 Monheim am Rhein
beecare@bayer.com
March 2014
Fotolia:
Wong Sze Fei, petarpaunchev,
Michael Klaus, Aubord Dulac,
Ludmila Smite, p
hotoflorenzo,
Vladyslav Siaber, Repina
Valeriya, Darios, Y Lan,
Bee Care, Bayer CropScience.
If you would like to find out more, visit our website:

www.beecare.bayer.com
BeeCare_Seasons2014_je_03.indd 36
01.04.14 09:02
01.04.14 09:02
WELCOME TO A WORLD OF BEES

From early spring to autumn, bees can be seen and
heard buzzing around our gardens, parks, and fields. This
booklet takes you on a journey through the seasons and
provides you with bee-related information and facts that
you may find astonishing, useful, and interesting.
01.04.14 09:02
A YEAR DEVOTED TO HEALTHY BEES

Whether beekeeper, farmer, veterinarian, horticulturist,
landscaper or amateur gardener: we all have an interest
in improving bee health around the world. These busy insects play an important role in pollinating many types of
flowers and crops. Bayer has more than 25 years of experience in animal health and crop protection and is highly
committed to protecting bees.
The decline of bee colonies in some parts of the world has
caused public concern. To address the factors thought to
be affecting bee health, Bayer has implemented its Bee
Care Program, which includes two Bee Care Centers, one
in Germany and the other in the USA.
If you would like to find out more, visit our website,

www.beecare.bayer.com, and register to receive our newsletter
like us on Facebook follow us on twitter and get involved.
01.04.14 09:02
Of the 100 crops providing 90% of the worlds

food, 70 benefit from pollination by bees and
other insects.
Did you know that ...

there can be as MANY AS 60,000 honey bees
in one hive in summer months?
01.04.14 09:02
01.04.14 09:02
SPRING IN THE BEEHIVE

TIME TO WAKE UP
Bees start to leave the hive when earlyflowering plants herald the new season.
They are looking for food for their queen
and brood as the queen steps up egg production after the winter break, laying up to
2,000 eggs a day. Up to 60,000 female
worker bees are responsible for feeding the
colony at the peak of the summer season.
These bees live for only a short time in the
hive. After this they leave their home and
die after three to six weeks out in the countryside. This means that around 2,000
busy worker bees have to be replaced by
newly hatched young bees every day. This
is how the colony remains stable despite a
high turnover.
01.04.14 09:02

... the lifespan of a typical worker bee is 36 weeks,
whereas the queen can live for 24 years?
worker bee
queen
1
4 Years
... Scientists and regulatory authorities agree that bee

health is a complex issue? Several studies have also
indicated that bee health may be affected by
many different factors, including pests and
parasites, microbial diseases, inadequate diet, bee
management practices and severe adverse weather
conditions.
01.04.14 09:02

Bees need to visit some 2,000,000 flowers in order to
produce 0.5 kg honey ?
01.04.14 09:02
HELPING THE WORLD BLOOM

We can all help bees stay healthy by sowing our own beds of bee-attractive flowers
in the garden or on the balcony. This helps
because flowering plants have become increasingly scarce in fields and meadows
and, as a result, bees often dont get enough
nutrients from the nectar and pollen they collect in summer. The resulting nutrient deficiency makes bees more prone to disease.
Honey bees from a typical

hive visit approximately
225,000 flowers per day.
Bayer has planted hectares of blooming

fields at several of its sites to promote the
need for more habitat for bees and other
pollinators. Bee-attractive flowers and shrubs
offer domestic pollinators nutrition, refuge
and nesting habitat and are also a delight
to the eye, bringing color and variety to
our gardens from spring, through summer
and into autumn.
01.04.14 09:02

Bayer conducts in-depth research into the
characteristics of both pesticides and biotech crops from
an early stage to ensure that, when they are applied
according to the specific label instructions, they do not
negatively impact non-target species like honey bees?
01.04.14 09:02
THE ENEMY IN THE BeeHIVE

In spring, beekeepers have to start controlling the main
enemy of the honey bee: the Varroa mite, a creature that
sucks blood from honey bees and also transmits dangerous viral diseases. Research, carried out worldwide by
top bee scientists, shows that Varroa mite is the main
threat to bee health.
This parasitic mite has spread rapidly throughout almost
the entire world since the 1950s and hardly any colonies
are now free from Varroa. Only Australia has been spared
so far, and is home to one of the healthiest Western
honey bee populations in the world.
01.04.14 09:02

Varroa mites are 1.6 mm long? On a human scale, this would be
equivalent to a person being attacked by a parasite the size of a rabbit.
CH
ES
I
SAM
EE
SU
P
USA
NZS
FR
UK
BR
J
1960s
1970s
NZN
CDN
PL
1980s
1990s
US-HI
2000s
Year
Timeline of the spread of Varroa mite around the world.*

J = Japan, SU = UdSSR, EE = Eastern Europe, BR = Brazil, SAM = South America,
CH = Switzerland, ES = Spain, I = Italy, F = France, PL = Poland, P = Portugal,
USA = USA, CDN = Canada, UK = United Kingdom, NZN = New Zealand (North
Island), NZS = New Zealand (South Island), US-HI = Hawaiian Island
* Source: Webster TC, Delaplane KS. 2001, Mites of the Honey Bee.
01.04.14 09:02
01.04.14 09:02
BAYER PROMOTES
BEE HEALTH
Bayer offers solutions to control Varroa
mites and improve bee health all over the
world. A long-term field study by Frankfurt
University has confirmed that consistent
use of these products is an effective strategy against the destructive mites and can
reduce winter colony losses.
Bayer has been developing animal health
products for bees for more than 25 years,
and is continuing to work on many research
projects aimed at helping beekeepers
ensure that their colonies stay healthy and
vigorous. The "Varroa Gate" is another project in development. This innovative tool,
placed at the entrance to the hive, helps
prevent infestation, reinfestation and the
transmission of diseases by the parasites.
01.04.14 09:02

... in Australia, they have some of the healthiest
honey bees in the world even though crop protection products are used intensively as part of an integrated
pest management on farms? A key reason may be that
they have no Varroa mites there.
01.04.14 09:02
Honey bees will forage in a radius of up to 34 km from the hive.

Thats the same of humans traveling around 2,500 km for food.
01.04.14 09:02
NEONICOTINOIDS AND BEES

Critics have accused neonicotinoid-based
products of being responsible for poor
bee health and bee mortality. Scientists at
the universities of Wageningen, Ghent and
Amsterdam have, however, reached a
different conclusion: A study has, for the
first time, collated 15 years of research into
neonicotinoids and their possible harmful
effects on honey bees. They found that,
although many different effects are described
in laboratory studies, no harmful effects on
honey bee colonies have ever been observed under realistic application conditions in the field.
Neonicotinoid-based
products have replaced
many older agricultural crop
protection products because of
their effectiveness in managing
harmful pests, excellent operator
safety, and relatively favorable
environmental profile.
Studies in other countries have also shown

that poor bee health is related to many
factors, including Varroa mites and viral diseases, but not to the use of insecticides.
01.04.14 09:02
Important factors
affecting bee health
Beekeeping
practices
Adverse weather
conditions
Agricultural
practices and crop
management
Mites, particularly
Varroa
Fungal
parasites
Viruses and bacteria
Nutrition
01.04.14 09:02
USING CROP PROTECTION

PRODUCTS SAFELY
Bayer conducts thorough tests at a very
early stage in the development of its crop
protection products to make sure that they
do not affect non-target organisms such
as honey bees. This means that Bayers
crop protection products will not harm bee
colonies if used responsibly and as directed on the use label.
Garden tip
Apply plant protection products
early in the morning or in the
evening when bees are less
active. Do not spray during the
day when bees are foraging.
The bee safety of a crop protection product

is assessed on the basis of study protocols
and guidelines drawn up by experts and
submitted to the competent specialist
authorities. The interaction between bees
and crop protection products under real
field conditions is a decisive element in this
multi-stage process.
01.04.14 09:02

Honey Bees can communicate with each other by
dancing? The ROUND dance is used for food sources
25100 meters away from the hive or closer.
01.04.14 09:02
01.04.14 09:02
1 LIFE
12TIME
ON
AVERAGE
A WORKER
BEE PRODUCES
OF A TEASPOON OF HONEY IN HER
01.04.14 09:02
Honey and mojito melon kebabs

Ingredients:
1 Honeydew melon
1/4 cup light rum
1/4 cup fresh mint (chopped)
2 Limes (squeezed)
1/4 cup honey, wooden honey dipper
Wash melon and cut in half. Use a tablespoon to remove the seeds.
Mix the rum, mint, honey and lime juice
thoroughly in a large bowl.
Use a suitable spoon to scoop melon balls
and place them in the liquid mixture. Leave
to soak for 30 minutes, then put on wooden
skewers. Place the skewers on baking paper
and freeze for an hour. Serve ice-cold.
Enjoy!
01.04.14 09:02

2014 will be the 100th year anniversary of the first publication on
honey bee color vision* by the Austrian-born Nobel Laureate Karl von
Frisch? A Professor of Zoology at Munich University, von Frisch carried
out pioneering work in comparative behavioral physiology, particularly
looking at the complex communication between insects. Not only did
he show that honey bees can see colors and can distinguish dozens
of closely related floral scents, but later on, he described the round
and waggle dances of honey bees (see page 20).
*Source: von Frisch, K., 1914
01.04.14 09:02
HEALTHY BEES FOR

A BUMPER HARVEST
1/3
of all plants eaten by

Bees are also an important business
factor for Bayers Crop Protection division, humans are dependent to some
as many of our farmer customers need extent on bee and other insect
bees to help bring about the harvest. pollination.
Bayer CropSciences Seeds business, a
key part of crop protection, also depends
on the pollination activity of bees.
For example, Bayer CropScience in Canada

is one of the major users of bee pollination
for its canola seed business. Our summer
canola InVigor is a special variety that could
not be successfully grown without pollination by honey bees.
01.04.14 09:02

... winter bees in contrast to short-lived summer
bees live for as long as 4 to 6 months?
01.04.14 09:02
FIT FOR WINTER

Honey bees follow a long-term strategy to
ensure colony survival. Colonies start to produce winter bees as early as summer. The
physiology of these bees is different to that
of summer bees, making them able to live
longer through the long periods of cold.
The number of bees in a single

beehive colony drops from
5060,000 in summer to around
1015,000 bees during the
winter months.
Beekeepers also need to take the long view

and take action to improve bee health
throughout the season. Health problems
should be dealt with by the start of August
at the latest or earlier if possible. This is
because a large, healthy winter bee population with a young, healthy and fertile
queen is vital for successful overwintering.
Controlling Varroa mites and other health
problems in good time helps bees get
through the winter in good condition.
01.04.14 09:02
TWO CENTERS FOR BEES

Bayer plans to continue promoting bee health in
future, with active and sustainable interventions such
as research, dialog with stakeholders and experts,
and product stewardship measures. The Bayer Bee
Care Centers in Germany and the United States are
the focal points of the resources we have committed
to this work, and coordinate bee projects within the
Bayer group.
Bee Care Teams on both sides of the Atlantic offer
scientific and communication platforms for projects
with external partners and are the ideal contact point
for exchanging scientific information, beekeeping
practices and new bee health solutions.
... Honey bees are not native to North America,
but were brought there by early colonists.
01.04.14 09:02
01.04.14 09:02
CHINA
31%
FURTHER
COUNTRIES*
43%
EU
26%
Honey production in 2011 per country**

The leading producers of honey are China and the EU,
they provided more than a half (57 %) of the worlds
annual honey production.
* Furthers countries are
7 % Turkey
5 % USA, Ukraine
4 % Ethiopia, Mexico, Argentina, India, Russian Federation
3 % Iran
2 % Angola
1 % Australia
** Source: FAOSTAT
01.04.14 09:02
Honey and nut slices

Ingredients:
600 g nuts (your choice)
350 g butter
275 g sugar
5 tablespoons honey
1 egg
1 teaspoon baking powder
250 g natural yogurt
300 g flour
The nuts are coarsely chopped and lightly toasted in a nonstick pan. Then, 250 g butter, 175 g sugar and 4 tablespoons of honey are added. Heat all together in the pan for
10 minutes. Add the remaining amounts of butter, sugar,
honey and egg and stir. Then add the yogurt, flour and baking soda and mix together. Put the dough on a greased
baking sheet. Evenly distribute the still-hot nut mixture.
Place the tin in the preheated oven at 190 C. Bake for
20 minutes. Remove from oven and cut in small squares
after about 10 minutes. Enjoy!
01.04.14 09:02
KEEPING HEALTHY
THROUGH THE WINTER
Beekeepers hold their breath as the cold
starts to bite. They ask with trepidation:
Will the bees make it through the winter in
good condition?
In recent years some beekeepers, in Europe
and North America in particular, have
suffered severe honey bee population
losses. Since then, scientists have been
working hard to find out why. Many factors
have already been clearly identified. They include parasites, diseases, adverse weather conditions, lack of nutritious food, some
farming practices and poor beekeeping.
However, experts believe that the losses
cannot be attributed to a single cause.
01.04.14 09:03

... despite the bee losses in certain regions, the total
number of managed honey bee colonies worldwide
has increased by around 45 percent over the last
50 years?*
*Source: Aizen and Harder (2009), based on FAO data
01.04.14 09:03
$
1.5 billion

... through the use of a bee product from Bayer to combat
Varroa mite in the USA for nine years, economic losses
amounting to some $ 1.5 billion* were prevented?
*a
fter launch 19992007; Source: Michigan State University, 2009
01.04.14 09:03
HONEY BEES
POLLINATE MANY IMPORTANT

FRUITS, NUTS AND VEGETABLES
THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
A HEALTHY DIET
AN IMPORTANT PARTNER
FOR FARMERS
Farmers also have good reason to think
about bees, when they start working
in their fields. Bees fly tirelessly from
flower to flower in search of pollen and
nectar. As they do this, pollen sticks to
their bodies and some of it rubs off when
they visit the next flower. In this way, the
plant is pollinated and so can produce
seeds and fruit. Around 70 percent of
the worlds major crops depend, at least
partly, on insect pollination. These "busy
bees" contribute around EUR 153 billion*
per year to the global economy.
* Source: Gallai et al. (2008), Ecological
Economics based on FAO data; UNEP
01.04.14 09:03

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Design and realiZation

Medienfabrik Gtersloh GmbH,

If you would like to find out more, visit our website:

WELCOME TO A WORLD OF BEES

A YEAR DEVOTED TO HEALTHY BEES

If you would like to find out more, visit our website,

Of the 100 crops providing 90% of the worlds

Did you know that ...

SPRING IN THE BEEHIVE

Did you know that ...

... Scientists and regulatory authorities agree that bee

Did you know that ...

HELPING THE WORLD BLOOM

Honey bees from a typical

Bayer has planted hectares of blooming

Did you know that ...

THE ENEMY IN THE BeeHIVE

Did you know that ...

Timeline of the spread of Varroa mite around the world.*

Did you know that ...

Honey bees will forage in a radius of up to 34 km from the hive.

NEONICOTINOIDS AND BEES

Studies in other countries have also shown

Viruses and bacteria

USING CROP PROTECTION

The bee safety of a crop protection product

Did you know that ...

OF A TEASPOON OF HONEY IN HER

Honey and mojito melon kebabs

Did you know that ...

HEALTHY BEES FOR

of all plants eaten by

For example, Bayer CropScience in Canada

Did you know that ...

FIT FOR WINTER

The number of bees in a single

Beekeepers also need to take the long view

TWO CENTERS FOR BEES

Honey production in 2011 per country**

Honey and nut slices

Did you know that ...

Did you know that ...

POLLINATE MANY IMPORTANT

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