Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2014-2015
FORMULA LIST
PROPERTIES:
1.
2.
3.
du = u + c
(du + dv dw) = du + dv dw
Rdu = du c
POWER FORMULAS:
xn+1
xndx = n + 1
+ c if n 1
tools:
x1dx = lnx + c if n = 1
sin2x = 2 (1 cos2x)
1
undu
cos2x = 2 (1 + cos2x)
if n -1:
un + 1
undu = n + 1
+c
if n = -1:
undu = lnu + c
V. sin ax sin bx dx
sinmx cosnx dx
sinmx cosnx dx
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
tools:
audu = lna au + c
1
sin cos = 2 [sin( ) + sin( + )]
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
2.
3.
sin u du = cos u + c
cos u du = sin u + c
tan u du = ln sec u + c
cot u du = ln sin u + c
2.
= ln csc u + c
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
3.
sinmx cosnx dx
where m or n is a positive odd integer
tools: change the one w/ odd powers
sin2x = 1 cos2x
cos2x = 1 sin2x
2.
3.
4.
5.
du
u
= Sin-1 a + c
a2 u2
du
1
u
-1
a2 + u2 = a Tan a + c
du
1
u
= Sec-1 a + c
u u 2 a2 a
ADDITIONAL FORMULAS:
1
1. u2 a2 du = 2 { u u2a2 a2 ln |u + u2a2 |} + c
TRIGONOMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS
I.
1.
= ln cos u + c
4.
1
sin sin = 2 [cos( ) cos( + )]
1
cos cos = 2 [cos( ) + cos( + )]
eudu = eu + c
1.
2 2
= ln|u + u2a2 |} + c
a2 u2 du = 2 { u a2 u2 + a2 Sin-1 ( )} + c
du
1
u2 - a2 = 2a ln
| uu +- aa | + c
du
1
a2 - u2 = 2a ln
| uu +- aa | + c
INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES/PROCEDURES/METHODS
I. Integration by Parts
sinh u du = cosh u + c
cosh u du = sinh u + c
tanh u du = ln |cosh u | +c
coth u du = ln |sinh u | +c
sech2 u du = tanh u + c
csch2u du = coth u + c
sech u tanh u du = sech u + c
csch u coth u du = csch u + c
udv = uv vdu
WALLIS FORMULA
*only works when the upper and lower limits are 2 and 0.
02
sinmxcosnxdx =
[(m-1)(m-3)2 or 1][(n-1)(n-3)2 or 1]
(m+n)(m+n-2)(m+n-4)2 or 1
A. Substitution of Functions
f(x)dx = limb
dx = du
f(x)dx
a f(x)dx
example: x 1 + x
NOTE:
0
& 0 = pag ganyan yung situation, dun sa
equation/s kung san naka substitute yung b or
a, derive both the numerator and the
denominator. Then you may start dividing
1
=0
II. Integrals with infinite discontinuities in the integrand
*in other words, isa or both a and b sa formula
b
a
f(x)dx = limam+
f(x)dx
f(x)dx = limbn-
f(x)dx
f(x)dx =
f(x)dx +
f(x)dx
= limnc-
f(x)dx + limmc+
B. Algebraic Substitution
u=1+x
x=u1
f(x)dx
- f(x)dx = lima - a
example: x 1 + x
f(x)dx
u= 1+x
u2 = 1 + x
x = u2 1
dx = 2udu
C. Reciprocal Substitution
use them for:
2 ++
1
Substitute: x = y
dy
dx = y2
D. Trigonometric Substitution
If you see this combination:
Substitute these:
a2 u 2
u =asin
a2 + u 2
u = atan
u 2 a2
u = asec
2ax - x2
x = 2asin2
2ax + x2
x = 2atan2
x2 - 2ax
x = 2asec2
B. Horizontal Element
1
z = tan2 (nx)
1 2dz
dx = n 1 + z2
A=
2z
tan(nx) = 1 - z2
2z
sin(nx) = 1 + z2
y(xR xL)dy
Ax =
(xR2 xL2)dy
I. Symmetry
dx
x(x - 1) =
Ay =
1 - z2
cos(nx) = 1 + z2
(xR xL)dy
F(r , -)
ox: F(r,) = {
F(-r, - )
F(r , - )
oxy: F(r,) = {
F(-r , - )
dx
F(-r , )
ox: F(r,) = {
F(r, + )
II. Intersection w/ the pole
dx
x2(x - 1)2 =
dx
dx
x2 + x + 1 =
A(2x + 1) + B
dx
x2 + x + 1
dx
(x2 + x + 1)2 =
dx
90
180
270
360
r
IV. Critical Points
dr
set d = 0 and solve for C
V. Divisions
use i & C
VI. Additional Points
SOME COMMON POLAR POLES
A. Limacons : r = a bsin or r = a bcos
A=
(ya yb)dx
Ax =
x(ya yb)dx
Ay =
(ya2 yb2)dx
a
0<|b|<1
with a loop
a
0<|b|=1
cardioid
a
1<|b|<2
with a dent
a
|b |2
convex
r = acos(n)
V=
r2dh
Vx = XCdv
Vy = YCdv
CONDITIONS:
1. element must be parallel to the axis
2. r must be parallel to the axis
3. the axis should be a
boundary
B. Method of Circular Ring
b
V=
(R2 r2)dh
V = 2
xydx
V = 2
xydy