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CSC159 Synopsis
The p
purpose
p
of this course is to give
g
understanding to the students about
digital computer organization and
architecture particularly on computer
architecture,
operation and its main component
Introduction
Lesson Outcomes
St
Stored
d Program
P
Concept
C
t
Introduction
Introduction
0th Generation
Mechanical computers
Had 4 components
the store (memory), the mill
(computation unit), the input
section
ti (punched
(
h d card
d reader),
d )
the output section (punched &
printed outputs)
p
p )
UiTM Terengganu - naza
Introduction
1st Generation
iis b
bulky/very
lk /
large
l
Made from glass
Fragile
Short-lived (heat burned out)
Use
a great deal of
electricity very expensive
Introduction
Introduction
V.Atanasoff
V
Atanasoff and Clifford Berry
First totally electronic digital computer
W.Mauchly
W
M
hl and
d J.
J Presper
P
E k t
Eckert
First all-electronic digital computer
Introduction
2nd Generation
Transistors
Made
of specially
p
y treated silicon which
controlled the flow of electric current
Generated less heat & wouldnt burn out
Allow computers to become smaller, faster,
cheaper, & more energy-efficient than before
more reliable than vacuum tubes
Introduction
3rd Generation
Integrated
g
Circuits
Miniaturized
transistors
placed on silicon chips
p
p
Made computers smaller, faster, cheaper
Introduction
10
4th Generation
Microprocessors *(VLSI)
Thousands
Th
d
off ICs
IC built
b ilt
onto a single chip
Could be mass produced (PCs)
Introduction
11
4th Generation
Open architecture
The
Introduction
12
5th Generation
1) Artificial Intelligence
Introduction
13
Introduction
14
Introduction
15
Introduction
16
Generation
Characteristics
Zeroth (1642-1940)
Mechanical computers
First (1940-1955)
Vacuum tubes
Machine language
Single user
Programmed I/O using CPU
ABC, ENIAC, UNIVAC
Second
S
d (1955-1965)
(1955 1965)
Transistors
Third (1965
(1965-1980)
1980)
ICs
Fourth (1980-199?)
VLSI PCs
UiTM Terengganu - naza
Assembly
A
bl language
l
followed
f ll
d by
b high-level
hi h l
l
languages with compiler
Multiprogramming
Time sharing OS
Multi-user applications
pp
Multi-processor OS
Introduction
17
Introduction
18
Introduction
19
The architecture:
MEMORY
Input
CU
ALU
Accumulator
Introduction
Output
20