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MAE 320-Chapter 5
The content and the pictures are from the text book: engel, Y. A. and Boles, M. A., Thermodynamics:
An Engineering Approach, McGraw-Hill, New York, 6th Ed., 2008
Conservation of Mass
The conservation of mass principle for a control volume (CV): The net
mass transfer to or from a control volume during a time interval t is equal to
the net change in the total mass within the control volume during t.
mCV = dV
or
CV
The conservation of mass relations can be simplified even further when the
fluid is incompressible, which is usually the case for liquids.
Then the conservation of mass principle requires that the total amount of
mass entering a control volume equal to the total amount of mass leaving it.
Steady, incompressible
Steady, incompressible flow (single stream)
4 ft =
0.5 in
3 ft
dt =
V = 2 gh
2
Dtan
dh
k
D 2jet
2 gh
h = u + Pv
The total energy consists of three parts for a nonflowing fluid and four parts for a
flowing fluid.
When the kinetic and potential energies of a fluid stream are negligible:
Energy balance relations with sign conventions (i.e., heat input and work output
are positive)
steam
water
Example 5-3
Example 5-3
Energy
balance for
a nozzle or
diffuser:
Example 5-4
Compressor
Example 5-7
Example 5-7
Example 5-7
Example 5-7
Throttling valves
Throttling valves
Throttling valves
Throttling valves
Example 5-8
Example 5-8
Mixing chambers
Mixing chambers
60C
140 kPa
10C
43C
Mixing chambers
Example 5-9
Mixing chambers
Example 5-9
Mixing chambers
Heat exchangers
Example 5-9
Heat exchangers are devices where
two moving fluid streams exchange
heat without mixing. Heat
exchangers are widely used in
various industries, and they come in
various designs.
Heat exchangers
Heat exchangers
Example 5-10
Heat exchangers
Example 5-10
Heat exchangers
Example 5-10
Heat exchangers
Example 5-10
Summary
Conservation of mass
9 Mass and volume flow rates
9 Mass balance for a steady-flow process
9 Mass balance for incompressible flow
Where