4Circles.

notebook

November20,2013

DONOW:

CIRCLES
1.Whatarecoordinates
ofthecenterofthecircle?

The equation of a circle:

(x-h)2 + (y- k)2 = r2

r
(h,k)

where (h,k) represents the CENTER

2.Whatisthelength
oftheradius?

and r represents the RADIUS

To find the center and radius when you are given the
equation of a circle:
-switch the signs for the coordinates of the center
-take the square root of "r2" to get the radius

Given the following, write an equation for each circle.

For each of the following circles, find the center and the radius:
1) x2 + y2 = 25

Center: __________ Radius: ___________

2) (x - 4)2 + (y + 8)2 = 4

Center: __________ Radius: ____________

5) Center: (-3,2)

Radius: 6

6) Center: (0, -8)

Radius: 1

3) (x + 9)2 + (y - 1)2 = 10 Center: __________ Radius: ____________

4) (x - 2)2 + y2 = 5

Center: __________ Radius: ____________

7) Center: (-7,-10) Radius: 9

8) Write an equation of a circle whose center is

(3, -5) and whose diameter is 10.

Writing the Equation of a Circle Given a Graph:

9) Write an equation for circle O shown below.

Circles: VOCABULARY

10) Write an equation for the circle shown below.

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November20,2013

Example3

Circle Segments
Example5

Example7

Example6

APandBPtouchthecircle___________

ABPandCDPtouchthecircle______________

<Pisan__________________

<Pisan_________________

Theselinesarecalled____________

Theselinesarecalled________________

APtouchesthecircle____________
APisa_______________
BDPtouchesthecircle_______________
BDPiscalleda__________________

Intersecting Chords

DO NOW:

The product of the segments of one chord is equal

to the product of the measures of the segments of the other.

pp=pp
E
C

Using the given picture, name

a chord , a secant

and a

tangent .

4Circles.notebook

EXAMPLES
1) Given: CE = 12, ED = 12, and AE = 3, find BE.

3) Chords AB and CD intersect at point E in a circle with

center at 0. If AE = 8, AB = 20, and DE = 16, what is the

November20,2013

2) In the diagram of circle O below, chord AB intersects

chord CD at E, DE = 2x + 8, EC = 3, AE = 4x - 3, and
EB = 4. What is the value of x?

Intersecting Secants
EXTERNAL times WHOLE secant = EXTERNAL times WHOLE secant

length of CE?

ew=ew

B
A
E

External segment of a secant --> part of secant segment that is

outside the circle.

4) In the accompanying diagram, PAB and PCD are

5) Secants JKL and JMN are drawn to circle O from an

secants drawn to circle O, PA = 8, PB = 20, and PD = 16.

external point, J. If JK = 8, LK = 4, and JM = 6, what is

What is the length of PC?

the length of JN?

4Circles.notebook

6) In the diagram below of circle O, secant AB intersects

circle O at D, secant AOC intersects circle O at E, AE = 4,
AB = 12, and DB = 6. What is the length of OC?

November20,2013

Tangent Intersecting a Secant

EXTERNAL times WHOLE secant = TANGENT times TANGENT

ew=tt

A
O

B
C

7) In the diagram below, tangent PA and secant PBC are

8) In the diagram below, tangent AB and secant ACD are

drawn to circle O from external point P. If PB = 4 and

drawn to circle O from an external point A, AB = 8 and

BC = 5, what is the length of PA?

AC = 4. What is the length of CD?

9) Secant ABC and tangent AD are drawn to circle O from

external point A. If AD = 10 and AC = 20, find the length
of AB.

DO NOW:
Given: AB = 7, BC = 8, and AD = 3, find DE.

4Circles.notebook

Directions: Use the appropriate segment relationship to solve for

November20,2013

2) Find x and the measure of ED in the circle below.

the missing measurement. If necessary, specify your answer in

simplest radical form.

1) Find x in the circle below.

3) Given: AD = x, DE = 2, AB = 2, and CB = 10, find AD

4) In circle O below, AE = 6, EB = 4, and CE = ED. Find CE

and AE.

in simplest radical form.

D

E
C

6) In the diagram below of circle O, chords RT and QS intersect at M.

Secant PTR and tangent PS are drawn to circle O. The length of RM is

5) In the circle below, find y. Then, find x to the nearest tenth.

two more than the length of TM, QM = 2, SM = 12, and PT = 8. Find the
length of RT and PS.

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November20,2013

Theorems Involving Tangents To Circles

DO NOW:

Common tangents: lines or segments that are tangent to more than one

Fill in the blank below:

circle at the same time

A segment that touches a circle ONLY one time is

called a ____________________.

Examples:
1) What is the value of x in the circle below?

Tangents From The Same External Point

-tangents to a circle from the same external point are equal.

2) In the diagram below, circles X and Y have two tangents

drawn to them from external point T. The points of tangency are

Which two segments in

the circle above are equal?

C, A, S, and E. The ratio of TA to AC is 1:3. If TS = 24, find the

(You may think of this as the "Hat"

length of SE.

Theorem because the diagram looks

like a circle wearing a pointed hat.)

3) What is the value of x in the circle below?

x 8x
2

4) In the diagram below, triangle ABC is circumscribed about circle O

and the sides of triangle ABC are tangent to the circle at points D, E,
and F. If AB = 20, AE = 12, and CF = 12, what is the length of AC?

20

What is the length of AB?

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November20,2013

5) In the diagram below, AB, BC, and AC are tangents to

Tangents Drawn To The Radius Of A Circle

circle O at points F, E, and D, respectively, AF = 6, CD = 5,

If a line is tangent to a circle, it is perpendicular to the radius drawn

and BE = 4. What is the perimeter of triangle ABC?

to the point of tangency.

If we connect points O and B, what type of triangle is formed?

Examples:

2) In the diagram below, AC and AD are tangent to circle B at

1) In the diagram below of triangle PAO, AP is tangent to

circle O at point A, OB = 7, and BP = 18. What is the

points C and D respectively, and BC, BD, and BA are drawn. If

AC = 12 and AB = 15, what is the length of BD?

length of AP?

Theorems About Chords and Circles

DO NOW:

-a radius perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord. (cuts chord in half)

In the diagram below, AB and CD are ________________.

OA and OB are ___________________.
C

-a radius that bisects a chord is perpendicular to the chord.

-the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center of the circle.

If we connect points O and A we can

make a _____________________________.

4Circles.notebook

Examples:

November20,2013

2) In circle O shown below, diameter DB is perpendicular to chord

1) In the diagram below of circle O, diameter AOB is

AC at E. If DB = 34, AC = 30, and DE > BE, what is the length of

perpendicular to chord CD at point E, OA = 6, and OE =2. What

BE?

is the length of CE, in simplest radical form?

4) In circle O shown below, chords AB and CD and radius OA are

3) In the diagram below of circle O, radius OC is 5cm. Chord AB is

8cm and is perpendicular to OC at point P. What is the length of
OP, in centimeters?

drawn, such that AB = CD, OE is perpendicular to AB, OF is

perpendicular to CD, OF = 16, CF = y + 10, and CD = 4y - 20.
Find the length of DF.

Determine the length of OA.

Another Theorem About Chords:

-the closer a chord is to the center of a circle, the

longer the chord.

DO NOW:
When lines are a constant distance apart from each

5) In the diagram below, triangle ABC is inscribed in circle P. The

distances from the center of circle P to each side of the triangle are
shown.

other, as shown in the diagram below, they are called

_______________________.

Which statement about the sides of the triangle is true?

1) AB > AC > BC
2) AB < AC and AC > BC
3) AC > AB > BC
4) AC = AB and AB > BC

4Circles.notebook

Parallel Chords
In a circle, parallel chords intercept congruent(equal) arcs.

November20,2013

Examples:
1) In the diagram of circle O below, chord CD is parallel
to diameter AOB and mAC = 30. What is mCD?

2) In the diagram below of circle O, diameter AB is

3) In the diagram of circle O below, chord CD is parallel to

parallel to chord CD. If mCD = 70, what is mAC?

diameter AOB and mCD = 110. What is mDB?

4) In circle O shown in the diagram below, chords AB and

5) In the diagram below of circle O, chord AB is parallel to

CD are parallel. If mAB = 104 and mCD = 168, what is

chord CD. Which statement must be true?

mBD?

is the symbol for CONGRUENT

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November20,2013

6) In the diagram below of circle O, chord AB ll chord CD,

7) In the diagram below, two parallel lines intersect

and chord CD ll chord EF. Which statement must be true?

circle O at points A, B, C, and D with mAB = x + 20

and mDC = 2x - 20. Find x and mAB.

ll is the symbol for PARALLEL

DONOW:

CentralAngle:
Acentralangleisanangleformedbytwointersectingradiisuchthatits
vertexisatthecenterofthecircle.

*USEYOURVOCABSHEET!*

1.Nameacentralangle.
2.Nameaninscribedangle.

InscribedAngle:
Aninscribedangleisananglewithitsvertex"on"thecircle,formedbytwo
intersectingchords.

Specialsituationsinvolvinginscribedangles:
Anangleinscribedina
semicircleisarightangle

Theoppositeanglesinacyclic
quadrilateralaresupplementary.
Aquadrilateralinscribedinacircle
iscalledacyclicquadrilateral.

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November20,2013

Examples:

3) If the m<AOC = 30o, what is the measure of <ABC?

1) What is the value of x in the circle below?

4) In the accompanying diagram, BA is a diameter and the

2) Use what you know about central and inscribed angles

measure of arcBC = 50. Find m<CBA.

to find x in the circle below.

5) In circle O,

is in a ratio of 1:2:3. Find all

missing arcs and angles. [ Picture not drawn to scale ]

6) In the diagram below of circle O, chords DF, DE, FG,

and EG are drawn such that
Identify one pair of inscribed angles that are congruent to
each other and give their measure.

AngleFormedInsideofaCirclebyTwoIntersectingChords:

DO NOW:
Solve for x:

Whentwochordsintersect"inside"acircle,fouranglesareformed.Atthepointofintersection,
twosetsofverticalanglescanbeseeninthecornersoftheXthatisformedonthepicture.
Remember:verticalanglesareequal.

36 + 100
___________
=x

11

4Circles.notebook

Examples:
1) In the diagram below of circle O, chords AD and BC
intersect at E, the measure of arcAC = 87 and the measure of

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2) In the diagram below of circle O, chords AE and DC

intersect at point B, such that the measure of arcAC = 36
and the measure of arcDE = 20. What is m<ABC?

arcBD = 35. What is the degree measure of <CEA?

3) In the diagram below, chords AB and CD intersect at E.

4) In the diagram below of circle O, chords AB and CD

If m<AEC = 4x, m arcAC = 120, and m arcDB = 2x, what is

intersect at E. If m<AEC =34 and m arcAC = 50, what is

the value of x?

m arc DB?

5) In the accompanying diagram of circle O, m arc AB = 64 and

6) In the accompanying diagram of circle O, chords AB and CD

m<AEB = 52. What is the measure of arcCD?

intersect at E, m arcAC = 50, and m arcBD = 150. Find m<AED.

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4Circles.notebook

7) In the accompanying diagram, AB is a diameter of

circle O and chord CD intersects diameter AB at E. If the
measure of arcAD = 100 and measure of arcAC = 40, find
m<DEB.

November20,2013

DO NOW:
Solve for x:

12040
__________
= x
2

AngleFormedOutsideofaCirclebytheIntersectionof:
"TwoTangents"or"TwoSecants"or"aTangentandaSecant".

Examples:
1) In the diagram below of circle O, PAC and PBD are
secants. If m arcCD = 70 and m arcAB = 20, what is
the degree measure of <P?

2) In the diagram below of circle C, m arcQT = 140, and

3) In the diagram below, tangent ML and secant MNK are

m<P = 40. What is the measure of arc RS?

drawn to circle O. The ratio of arcLN : arcNK : arcKL is

3:4:5. Find m<LMK.

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4Circles.notebook

November20,2013
5) Chords AB and CD intersect at E in circle O, as shown in the diagram below.

4) In the accompanying diagram of circle O, diameter AOB is extended

through B to external point P, tangent PC is drawn to point C on the

Secant FDA and tangent FB are drawn to circle O from external point F and
chord AC is drawn. The measure of arc DA = 56, the measure of arc DB = 112,
and the ratio of m arc AC : m arc CB = 3:1.

circle and the measure of arc AC : measure of arc BC = 7:2. Find

m<CPA.

a) Determine m<CEB.

b) Determine m<F.

c) Determine m<DAC.

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