AUTOMATIC PLANT

IRRIGATION SYSTEM

PROJECT ABSTRACT

Submitted by

AKHIL V KUMAR
ALAN GEORGE THOMAS
ALLEN SIMON PHILIP
ANANTHU VIJAYAN
ANCY DAVID

ABSTRACT
The project we have undertaken is Automatic Plant Irrigation
System. The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation
system which switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the
moisture content of the soil. In the field of agriculture, use of proper
method of irrigation is important. The advantage of using this method
is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation.
This project is taken up as India is an agriculture oriented country and
the rate at which water resources are depleting is a dangerous threat
hence there is a need of smart and efficient way of irrigation. In this
project we have implemented sensors which detect the humidity in the
soil (agricultural field) and supply water to the field which has water
requirement.
The project is 8051 microcontroller based design which controls the
water supply and the field to be irrigated. There are sensors present in
each field which are not activated till water is present on the field.
Once the field gets dry sensors sense the requirement of water in the
field and send a signal to the microcontroller. Microcontroller then
supply water to that particular field which has water requirement till
the sensors is deactivated again.
The sensing arrangement is made by using two stiff metallic rods
inserted into the field at a distance. Connections from the metallic
rods are interfaced to the control unit. An LCD display is also
interfaced to the microcontroller to display status of the soil and water
pump In case, when there are more than one signal for water
requirement then the microcontroller will prioritize the first received
signal and irrigate the fields accordingly.
The concept in future can be enhanced by integrating GSM
technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, an

SMS is delivered to the concerned person regarding the status of the

pump. We can also control the pump through SMS

BLOCK DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS LIST

Transformer

: Step down transformer (220/12)

Voltage Regulator

: IC 7805

Op-amp

: LM741

Crystal oscillator

: 11.0592 M Hz

Diode

: IN 4007

LED
Resistor

: 470 ohm (for LED), 8.2 K (for

power on reset Ckt.) , 10 K (for
sensors) , potentiometer(100K)

Capacitor

: 1000 u f (for Power supply), 10 u f

(reset ckt.)
33p F ( for crystal oscillator)

LCD

: 16 x 2

Stepper motor

: step angle 7.5 degree, +12V

Relay

: 220V/3-4A

Microcontroller

: AT89S52

ULN

: ULN 2003

Water pump
Switches
Power cables & ribbon wires

Hardware Requirements
8051 series Microcontroller

Op amp
LCD
Relay
Water Pump
Voltage Regulator
Diodes
Capacitors
Resistors
LED
Crystal
Transistor

Software Requirements
Keil compiler
Languages: Embedded C or Assembly