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PRINCIPLES OF BIOPROCESS
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
CBB 20104
Chapter 1: Introduction

CONTENT
Definition
Scope

of bioprocess technologies
Chemical vs. bioprocess technology
Industrial overview in Malaysia

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

Define bioprocess technology

Describe the important scope of bioprocess
technologies
Evaluate the differences between chemical and
bioprocess technology
Discuss about bioprocess industries in
Malaysia

ENGINEERING VS ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
What are the differences??

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Engineering

Engineering Technology

Engineering encompasses theories

relating to research,
development, design and
operations.
Involves a wide spectrum of activities
extending from the conception,
design, development and
formulation of new systems and
products,
Engineers often work closely with
engineering scientists in developing
new technology via research
projects

Technology primarily focuses

on hands-on, application of the
theories and principles of
engineering and science to every
day operations (manufacturing,
electronics and medicine, marketing,
field testing, design etc.)
Technologists, technicians and
craftsmen would be more inclined
to work in manufacturing and
production line.
Complementary to the
engineers, the engineering
technologist implement engineering
works by applying engineering and
scientific knowledge combined with
technical skills to support
engineering activities.

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BIOPROCESS
Bioprocess operations make use of microbial, animal and plant

cells and components of cells such as enzymes to manufacture

new products and destroy harmful wastes.
Bioprocesses have been developed for an enormous range of

commercial products, from relatively cheap materials such as

industrial alcohol and organic solvents, to expensive specialty
chemicals such as antibiotics, therapeutic proteins and
vaccines.
Industrially-useful enzymes and living cells such as bakers

and brewers yeast are also commercial products of

bioprocessing.

PRODUCTS OF BIOPROCESSING

Vitamins
Therapeuti
cs protein

Amino
acids
Antibiotics
Industrial
Enzymes

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BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
Is a specialization of biotechnology, chemical engineering or of
agricultural engineering

Deals with the design and development of equipment and processes

for the manufacturing of products such as food, feed, pharmaceuticals,
nutraceuticals, chemicals, and polymers and paper from biological
materials
May include the work of mechanical, electrical and industrial
engineers to apply principles of their disciplines to processes based on
using living cells or sub component of such cells

BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
Processing Biological Materials by biological means
Group of techniques involved in transforming raw

materials by biological catalysts into useful products and

acceptable for human and animal consumption
Considered as important and integral part of
Biotechnology

Raw
material

Useful
products

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Possible Drawbacks Of Bioprocess

CHEMICAL VS. BIOPROCESS

TECHNOLOGY
Chemical

Bioprocess

Depend on the physical

properties and selection of
procedure of the process

Depend on the type of

biomolecules,quantity of
biomolecules

Bigger scale

Smaller scale

No need to sterilize

Need sterilize

Dont need frequent validation

of safety and sterility

Frequent validation of safety

and sterility

Continuous and batch.

Normally done in batch

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Potential mixed mode

(chemical and biochemical)

THE STORY OF PENICILLIN: HOW BIOLOGISTS

AND ENGINEERS WORK TOGETHER?

Ref: Shuler M.L. and Kargi F. (2002) Bioprocess Engineering

Basic Concepts, pg. 3

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Who found the Penicillium genus?

When and Where?
Who was the biologist?
Who was the engineer?
Hurdles?

STAGES IN BIOPROCESS

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STAGES IN BIOPROCESS
Step 1-11 involved with genetic manipulation of the host

organism; Animal DNA was cloned into E.Coli. Done in

laboratories on small scale by scientist (molecular biology
and microbiologist)
Step 12 growth of cells in certain condition or

environment can be function culture production

Step 13 Bench top bioreactor used for 1st stage when culture

condition known.

STAGES IN BIOPROCESS cont.

Step 14 Scale up to pilot scale bioreactor capacity 100-

1000 litres.
Step 15 If the previous process successful, design

industrial scale operation starts

Step 16 Product recovery to produce final product
Step 17 Product isolated with sufficient purity

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Techniques involved in
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING

Filtration
Centrifugation
Sedimentation

Solid liquid
separation

Product
Concentration
Membrane
filtration
Extraction
Evaporation

Polishing
Precipitation
Adsorption
Chromatography

Crystallization
Drying

Purification

INDUSTRIAL OVERVIEW IN
MALAYSIA
Yogurt
Pickles
Cheese
Amino acid - Stevian Biotechnology Corporation Sdn Bhd
Vitamins
Natural vinegar (Chemical Industries Malaya Sdn. Bhd.)
Liquefied CO2 (Chemical Industries Malaya Sdn. Bhd.)
Ethanol (Chemical Industries Malaya Sdn. Bhd.)
Yeast (Mauri Fermentation (M) Sdn. Bhd.)
Current technologies???

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INDUSTRIAL OVERVIEW IN
MALAYSIA
On October 15, 1980 Genentech shares went from $35 to

$ 89 producing Insulin from microbial fermentation. This

was the first recombinant DNA product.
Tongkat Ali capsules - Orgacare Bio-Ali (Orgacare
Pharmaceutical Sdn. Bhd.)
Kacip Fatimah capsules Bio Kacima (Orgacare
Pharmaceutical Sdn. Bhd.)
Noni (Mengkudu) Bio Noni (Orgacare Pharmaceutical
Sdn. Bhd.)
Monosodium glutamate Ajinomoto (Malaysia) Berhad.
Enzymes - Novozymes Malaysia Sdn Bhd.

INDUSTRIAL OVERVIEW IN
MALAYSIA
The Biotechnology R&D Grant Scheme established in

2001 under the National Biotechnology Directorate

approved a total of RM95.3 million for 47
biotechnology research projects.
Of this total, 11 projects were classified as ready for

commercialization.
In terms of intellectual capital, these R&D projects

generated 27 patents filed in Malaysia and one filed

internationally.

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INDUSTRIAL OVERVIEW IN
MALAYSIA

BIONEXUS STATUS
BioNexus is a special status awarded to qualified

international and Malaysian biotechnology companies.

The status endows fiscal incentives, grants and other

guarantees to assist growth.

Since 2005, BiotechCorp has facilitated the development

of 217 BioNexus-status companies in Malaysia with total

approved investment of RM 2.64 billion.

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BIONEXUS STATUS COMPANIES

BIONEXUS STATUS COMPANIES

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MAJOR BIOTECHNOLOGY
INVESTMENTS
Biocon (India)
Indias first billion-dollar biotechnology company and one of
the biggest biotechnology companies in Asia to establish a
biomanufacturing and R&D facility. Investment of RM 1
billion.
GlycosBio (USA)
US-based company producing technical-grade ethanol from
crude glycerin using the metabolic pathway process.
Investment of RM46 million.
Metabolic Explorer (France)
French company establishing its first propanediol
manufacturing plant. Investment of RM100 million.
Strides Arcolab Limited (India)
Indian-based manufacturer of biopharmaceuticals and
sterile injectables. Investment of RM80 million.

MAJOR BIOTECHNOLOGY
INVESTMENTS
CJ CheilJedang Arkema SA
a joint venture partnership between South Koreas CJ
CheilJedang Corporation (CJ) and Frances Arkema SA.
worlds first bio-methionine plant and Asias first thiochemical
platform. Investment of RM2 billion.
BioProtein AS
Norway-based BioProtein AS will team up with its local partner
to manufacture high-protein or bio-protein feed for use in the
aquaculture industry. Investment of RM600 million.
Mitsui & Co. Sime Darby
Japan-based Mitsui will collaborate with Malaysian company
Sime Darby to build a bioethanol demonstration plant by
converting empty oil palm fruit bunches.

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Bio-Xcell
A biotechnology park and ecosystem dedicated to healthcare and
industrial biotechnology
strategically located on 160 acres in Nusajaya, within the
Iskandar region of Johor, Malaysia
Biocon, GlycosBio & Stelis Biopharma

Kertih Biopolymer
Located on a 70 hectare land in ECERs Kertih Biopolymer Park,
the project involves the development of Koreas CJ CheilJedang
(CJ)s bio-methionine plant and Frances Arkemas thiochemicals
The integrated facility will be the first in the world to use
fermentation process in producing L-methionine, an amino acid
commonly used in the manufacturing of animal feed.

Lead by MOSTI and BiotechCorp, the BIM programme

seeks to foster the participation of the private sector in

developing the nation's bioeconomy
Bioeconomy refers to all economic activity that is derived

from the continued commercial application of

biotechnology. It encompasses the production of
renewable biological resources and their conversion into
food, feed, chemicals, energy and healthcare wellness
products via innovative and efficient technologies.

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Industrial
biotechnology

Genomics

Biofeed

Biofertilizers

The move to a
GREEN
FUTURE

Extracts

Biocontrol

Biosimilar

A sustainable economy
that uses biological
resources from land and sea
as input to the industry and
energy sector and bio-based
process to green industries
and to recycle waste
streams.
Converging all
industries and
economic sectors that
produce, manage and
otherwise make use
of biological
resources (incl. biowaste) such as
agriculture,
forestry, fisheries,
food, wellness,
chemicals and
energy.

Based on
knowledge and
innovation in
biosciences, in
convergence with
other technologies,
e.g. engineering,
chemistry, computer
science and
nanotechnologies. i.e
driven by
BIOTECHNOLOGY

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BIOSECURITY

MARINE
BIOECONOM
Y

CROs & CMOs

BIOECONOMY

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36

NKEA

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