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Prajwal Niraula
PL-151 Contemporary Ethical Issues
Dr. P. Cvek
even though rich nation may be capable of helping some immigrants, this would ultimately compromise
the safety.
He further undergirds his stance by pointing out that the population growth rate of developing
countries are almost three times higher than the population growth rate of developed countries. Hence,
even though the rich countries help the poor countries to match up the current needs, due to the
burgeoning population those measures would temporarily solve the problem only to give rise much worse
scenarios in the future. Using the same argument, Garrett maintains that immigration would ultimately
lead to ruin of the welcoming nation as the people from the poor country, if allowed to immigrate, would
populate faster than developed countries hence straining the resources of the rich country.
Perhaps the most famous argument Garrett is known for is Tragedy of the Commons which can
be summarized as mutual ruin is inevitable in the common. Garrett gives an example of common
grassland, which will be overgrazed because every shepherd likes to take maximum advantage from the
grassland; a natural psychological force which ultimately leads to ruination. He similarly predicts the
tragedy of the common would lead to ruination of industries such as fishing. Thus, the system of
commons, according to Hardin, is to be replaced by private ownership system to save the system from the
ultimate ruin.
Garrett also points out that in addition to the apparent cost, there are hidden cost to the helping
the poor which in turn promotes injustice. In the example Garrett uses he points out how donating food is
unjustifiable. By donating food, the government is essentially using tax payer money. This however
drives the demand of the food supply and in turn raises the cost of the food. Thus, not only do people in
developed countries end up paying for the service of helping the poor people, but they end up facing the
price hike. Also Garrett argues that aid promotes parasitism. He markedly points out that aid does not
teach the poor countries to be careful for emergency but instead provides false sense of assurance for
future emergencies.
Prajwal Niraula
PL-151 Contemporary Ethical Issues
Dr. P. Cvek
Garrett also provides argument for social Darwinism in that he supports the best will survive. He
mentions Tertullian quote, The sources of pestilence, famine wars and earthquakes have come to be
regarded as a blessing to overcrowded nations, since they serve to prune away the luxuriant growth of the
human race. Garrett considers pruning itself is an important aspect for establishment of equilibration
nature, which would be affected by the creation of world food bank, which acts as the pawl of ratchet.
Having world food bank is an act of removing the equilibrating force, thus would escalate the situation,
which in turn would lead to the collapse of the whole system.
Garrett further evaluates some of the charitable works done by Rockefeller and Ford Foundation.
Here he compares human as the cancerous cells that overpower the environment they live in through
metastasis, and every life saved through these methods would never have a positive consequence. Garrett
at this points realizes that his argument has be dominantly favor of the rich communities, and attempts to
address some to the potential criticisms: how can you close door once you are getting better part of the
bargain or most Americans are immigrants, and on what ground can they claim what they have attained?
Garrett simply claims that this is rather unrealistic because Americans cannot go back to their native land.
He further argues that so is case with some European countries. Therefore, the current political boundary
for Garrett is the standard against which things are to be tested.
Throughout the argument Garrett is primarily motivated by the fear of ecological disaster, which
could come be accompanied with other disasters in economic and social sectors. Maintaining balance in
the society is of great important for Garrett, and for this the way of nature is not to be interfered with. In
fact, he argues more good is to come from the death of the unfit rather than their survival, and sums up
the argument by reminding that preserving nature for posterity should be one the most important priorities
of any nation.