CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This part presents the review of related literature and related studies used to
support the concepts and ideas formulated by the author.
Related Literature
Foreign
(Gibb,1804) He installed an experimental filter, selling his unwanted surplus to
the public. This method was refined in the following two decades by engineers working
for private water companies, and it culminated in the first treated public water supply in
the world, installed by engineer James Simpson for the Chelsea Waterworks Company in
London in 1829. This installation provided filtered water for every resident of the area,
and the network design was widely copied throughout the United Kingdom in the ensuing
decades.
(Snow,1879) He was the first to successfully use chlorine to disinfect the water
supply in Soho that had helped spread the cholera outbreak. William Soper also used
chlorinated lime to treat the sewage produced by typhoid patients in 1879.

Related Studies
Foreign
(Fardi , 2013) Over the last few years the scientific debates and discussions
between water resource management scholars and the life cycle assessment (LCA)
research have brougth the impacts assessment of water use in to more focus. The result of
this discourse have led to mythological advance for assessing and evaluating the
environmental impacts of fresh water used. The first aim of this study is critically
reviewed this methods,and then to futher.Compare their appropriateness and
competiences for the (LCA) of bionefineng systems. These thesis highlights the
inconsistencies among the water use accounting and impacts assessment methods that
have cause compatibility among biorefinery system (LCA) results. The main sources
divergence in the results in the result is identified as disharmony between the definition
and assumptions used to in inventorying water consumption, as web defining the
characterized factors in their imapact assessment.
(Plunge,2002) Complex problems require innovative methods to deals with
them.Diffuse pollution,which is a primary reason for deterionation of many surface and
underground bodies has yet to obtain arealiable solution .This work is designated to be a
part of such solution, which is to provide avaulabe approach to manage inland surface
water diffuse pollution problem. It is especially designed for decisions makers
responsible for implementation of water Framework Directive. Accomplishing this
objective four separate topics were evaluated review of watershed modeling approaches,
Environment Risk Assesment and Cost Effectiveness Assesment in diffuse pollution
problem solution, review of Lithuanian and Europeanlegislation on controlling the inland,

surface water measures. Knowledge obtained from literature has been used to set a
modeling partessential to demonstrate application of the intergration method. SWAT
model has been selected as the assessment tool to analyze diffuse pollution abatement
measures for Graisupis river catchment, located Middle Lithunia. Finally, a rich reduction
of not meeting environment targets from the baseline scenario has been calculated and
plotted against cost of each abatement measure.
Local
(Evaldez, 2015) . Here in Cavite (Rosario), there are 5 sources of water pollution;
First, deliverately disposal of domestic waste. Wherever you go there in Rosario, there's a
lot of waste. So, the waste that comes from the ground flows eventually reaches the body
of water. Second, agricultural practices, even the soil here in Rosario is arid, we don't
prove that some of the people use fertilizers for their plants, that chemicals will reach
possibly by the bodies of water. Third, Industrial Activities, here at the same place, there's
a lot of factory that wastes disposal chemicals in the body of water, and also the citizens
of Rosario also makes wastes through literring of garbage everywhere taht will runoff to
the body of water. Finally, the petroleum spills, it also caused by the factory/factories or
by the Industrial Activities.