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ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE (2014-2015)

T.S.-1
Foundation Course in Tourism
Disclaimer/Special Note: These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions given in the
Assignments. These Sample Answers/Solutions are prepared by Private Teacher/Tutors/Auhtors for the help and Guidance
of the student to get an idea of how he/she can answer the Questions of the Assignments. We do not claim 100% Accuracy
of these sample Answers as these are based on the knowledge and cabability of Private Teacher/Tutor. Sample answers
may be seen as the Guide/Help Book for the reference to prepare the answers of the Question given in the assignment. As
these solutions and answers are prepared by the private teacher/tutor so the chances of error or mistake cannot be denied.
Any Omission or Error is highly regretted though every care has been taken while preparing these Sample Answers/
Solutions. Please consult your own Teacher/Tutor before you prepare a Particular Answer & for uptodate and exact
information, data and solution. Student should must read and refer the official study material provided by the university.
PART-I
Q. 1. Define tourism. What is the purpose of tourism?
Ans. Tourism is travel for recreation, leisure, religious, family or business purposes, usually for a limited duration.
Tourism is commonly associated with international travel, but may also refer to travel to another place within the same
country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.
There are also places where tourism is a lifeblood. Island nations such the Bahamas, Aruba, and the Dominican
Republic rely heavily on tourism to employ their citizens and support the service industries in their countries. While there
are other industries in this countries such as fishing, tourism remains the lifeblood of many small island nations in the
tropical parts of the world. While outbound tourism has waned in the last few years thanks to the global recession, it can
be expected to pick back up once economies around the world improve. The traditional tourist spots such as Greece,
France, and tropical island getaways have remained fairly strong and inbound tourism has seen an increase during these
tough economic times. Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of recreation and business, and the provision of services
for this act. Tourists are persons who are travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more
than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated
from within the place visited. Since the beginning of time humans have traveled. Food, water, safety or acquisition of
resources (trade) were the early travel motivations. But the idea of travel for pleasure or exploration soon emerged. Travel
has always depended upon technology to provide the means or mode of travel. The earliest travelers walked or rode
domesticated animals. The invention of the wheel and the sail provided new modes of transportation. Each improvement
in technology increased individuals opportunities to travel. As roads were improved and governments stabilized, interest
in travel increased for education, sightseeing, and religious purposes. One of the earliest travel guides was written by
Pausanias, a Greek, which was a 10 volume Guide to Greece, for Roman tourists in 170 A.D. Tourism is a collection of
activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience, including transportation, accommodations, eating and
drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activity facilities and other hospitality services provided
for individuals or groups traveling away from home. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) claims that tourism is
currently the worlds largest industry with annual revenues of over $3 trillion dollars. Tourism provides over six million
jobs in the United States, making it the countrys largest employer.
Tourism is the travel for recreational, leisure, family or business purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism is
commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country.
The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. Tourism has become a popular
global leisure activity. Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a countrys balance of payments. Today, tourism is a major source of income for many countries, and
affects the economy of both the source and host countries, in some cases it is of vital importance.

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Although many of us have been tourists at some point in our lives, defining what tourism actually is can be
difficult. Tourism is the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure,
business or other purposes for not more than one consecutive year. Tourism is a dynamic and competitive industry that
requires the ability to adapt constantly to customers changing needs and desires, as the customers satisfaction, safety
and enjoyment are particularly the focus of tourism businesses.
PART - II
1. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Alternative Tourism
(b) Sustainable Tourism
(c) Special Interest Tourism
Ans. (a) Alternative Tourism is a process which promotes a just form of travel between members of different communities. It seeks to achieve mutual understanding, solidarity and equality amongst participants. The term alternative tourism tries to include the concepts of active tourism as well as explorer and encounter travel even with the concept of
committed tourism. The following lists try to enumerate some of the styles of alternative tourism. Alternative Tourism,
concept that is defined as not being mass tourism. Under the alternative tourism concept we can find a series of classifications and types of tourism. What characterizes the concept of Alternative is the existence of small or medium companies, created by families or friends, where there is the possibility of more contact with the communities and where most of
the times there is a respect for the environment. This concept is generally used by government institutions and academics,
and very rarely a traveller will ask in an information centre for places or activities of alternative tourism.
Some researches have tried to define alternative tourism as a tourism that gives emphasis to the contact and understanding between the hosts and the tourist, as well as the environment (Smith & Eadington, 1992 as cited in Newsome,
Moore & Dowling, 2002). Also as a tourism that is consistent with the natural, social and community values and that
allows a positive relationship among locals and tourists (Wearing & Neil, 1999 as cited in Newsome, Moore & Dowling,
2002).
Ans. (b) Sustainable tourism development requires the informed participation of all relevant stakeholders, as well
as strong political leadership to ensure wide participation and consensus building. Achieving sustainable tourism is a
continuous process and it requires constant monitoring of impacts, introducing the necessary preventive and/or corrective
measures whenever necessary.
Without travel there is no tourism, so the concept of sustainable tourism is tightly linked to a concept of sustainable
mobility. Two relevant considerations are tourisms reliance on fossil fuels and tourisms effect on climate change. 72 per
cent of tourisms CO2 come from transportation, 24 percent from accommodations, and 4 percent from local activities.
However, when considering the impact of all greenhouse gas emissions from tourism and that aviation emissions are
made at high altitude where their effect on climate is amplified, aviation alone accounts for 75% of tourisms climate
impact. Aviation accounts for 55% of those transportation CO2 emissions (or 40% of tourisms total).
Ans. (c) SIT: special interest tourism is a part of existing tourism industry today. Nowadays, people are more confident about travelling abroad and looking for something different rather than for sun and sand holidays. Special interest
tourism is a type of holiday, replacing the traditional mass market travel packages and allows tourists to choose holidays
appealing to their individual and personal needs. According to the World Tourism Industry or WTO, special interest
tourism can be defined as the specialized tourism that involved individual or group tours by those people who wishes to
develop their given interests or visit sites and places that has a relation or connection with their specific interest or subject.
They suggest that it is the provision of customised leisure and recreational experiences driven by the specific expressed interests of individuals and groups.
Q. 2. What do you understand by the term Grand Tour? Discuss the characteristics of the Grand Tour.
Ans. Young English elites of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries often spent two to four years traveling around
Europe in an effort to broaden their horizons and learn about language, architecture, geography, and culture in an experience known as the Grand Tour. The Grand Tour began in the sixteenth century and gained popularity during the seventeenth century. The primary value of the Grand Tour, it was believed, lay in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of
classical antiquity and the Renaissance, and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent.
In addition, it provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art, and possibly the only chance to hear certain
music. A grand tour could last from several months to several years. It was commonly undertaken in the company of a
Cicerone, a knowledgeable guide or tutor. The Grand Tour had more than superficial cultural importance; as E. P. Thompson stated, ruling-class control in the 18th century was located primarily in a cultural hegemony, and only secondarily in

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an expression of economic or physical (military) power.

In essence the Grand Tour was neither a scholars pilgrimage nor a religious one, though a pleasurable stay in Venice
and a cautious residence in Rome were essential. Catholic Grand Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs.
Since the 17th century a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding young artists to understand proper
painting and sculpture techniques, though the trappings of the Grand Tourvalets and coachmen, perhaps a cook, certainly a bear-leader or scholarly guidewere beyond their reach. The advent of popular guides, such as the Richardsons,
did much to popularize such trips, and following the artists themselves, the elite considered travel to such centres as
necessary rites of passage. For gentlemen, some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they
had received from their tour: in Rome antiquaries like Thomas Jenkins provided access to private collections of antiquities, among which enough proved to be for sale that the English market raised the price of such things, as well as for coins
and medals, which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentlemans guide to ancient history. Pompeo Batoni
made a career of painting English milordi posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities. Many continued on to
Naples, where they viewed Herculaneum and Pompeii, but few ventured far into southern Italy and fewer still to Greece,
still under Turkish rule.
Although the Grand Tour has been examined by various disciplines, it has rarely been examined from the perspective
of tourism studies. The degree of continuity and change in the character of the tour is assessed and major changes are
attributed primarily to the changing social class of the tourists. The 1820s and 1830s are identified as an important
transition period in the development of a more formalized tourist industry.
Q. 4. Define tourist accommodation. Discuss the various types of accommodation.
Ans. Accommodation is one of the basic needs for any tourism activity. Travelers and tourists need lodging for rest,
while they are on a tour. Accommodation in the form of low budget lodges/hotels to world class luxury hotels is available
at all the major tourist destinations to provide the tourist a home away from home. These are establishments that provide
a place for the tourist to stay i.e. lodging facilities which are paid for the duration of the stay by the tourist. There are
various types of accommodation which are being used by tourists regularly. Travel agents and tour operators generally
include one of the following types of accommodation in the itinerary. Accommodation is a concern of every traveler,
whether looking for a place to pitch a tent or a luxury suite in a fancy resort. Booking accommodation, dealing with the
vast array of accommodation options, and considering alternative lodging options are all issues that travelers face.
Types of accommodation: Hostels (more commonly referred to as youth hostels) are a loosely-defined form of
guesthouse, generally low-budget compared to other places to sleep. Although often used by youth there is usually no
upper age limit. Hotels provide private serviced rooms for guests. They range from very basic budget-style to extremely
luxurious accommodation.
Capsule hotels are a cheap form of accomodation in Japan, usually more or less on par with a dorm bed in a hostel, in
terms of pricing. The rooms are little more than small one-person capsules with only a mattress, radio, and TV (which
usually boasts a variety of Japanese porn channels). Note that most capsule hotels are segregated by gender, while many,
if not most, dont accept female guests at all.
Bed and Breakfasts (B&Bs) and Guesthouses provide hotel style rooms. However, they are typically smaller residences and you will interact with your hosts and other guests, often eating together and sharing common spaces. Bed and
Breakfasts and Guesthouses are found both inside and out of major centers. Many market themselves as providing a
quiet escape. There are many associations and websites that offer help finding a Bed and Breakfast in your travel area.
A hospitality exchange or home stay network is an organization that connects travelers with local residents in the
cities theyre visiting. If travelers can connect with the right people at the right time, they can get room and sometimes
board in the place theyre visiting for free or at a deep discount. Network size goes from a few thousands to a hundred
thousands, and most networks are growing steadily.
Car camping, Caravaning, RV camping... it goes by many names, and the experience varies widely, but this form of
camping involves carrying your equipment in your motor vehicle, which you drive right to your campsite. Unlike more
traditional camping, car camping allows you to carry quite a bit more equipment, and the focus is usually to enjoy the site,
cook-outs, day hikes, and other outdoor activities. Some just use their vehicle for transportation, pitching a stand-alone
tent to sleep in. Some use it to pull a pop-up trailer/tent or use their car or van as part of the tent or shade structure. Some
drive large vans or recreational vehicles to sleep in, which may include many of the comforts of home (on a more compact
scale).
Caravan parks tend to have two or three types of accommodation: powered sites to put your caravan and car; caravans
owned by the park that you can stay in; and small cabins with a bit more space. Caravan parks are usually located in

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medium sized towns and cities, or in very popular tourist spots.

Camping is do-it-yourself accommodation: you carry your roof and your bedding in your backpack or your car. Its
often the only choice of accommodation you have when youre travelling off the beaten track, but there are also very
popular sites for camping holidays. Always check whether you need a permit to camp, how much it costs and whether
your choice of site will be restricted. You generally need to get permits either in advance or on arrival. Many popular
national parks or protected sites have limited camping to particular sites and some have banned it altogether. When
hiking, there will often be set campsites a days walk apart, and often you are forbidden to camp between them. Permits
can typically be obtained in advance or on arrival, but may be hard to get or sell out during very popular holiday periods
- dont blithely plan a Christmas camping holiday without being sure you can get a permit if you need one.
Permits for sites at very popular holiday periods are actually quite hard to get and sometimes sell out months in
advance, dont blithely plan a Christmas camping holiday without being sure you can get a permit if you need one.
Villas: When planning your holidays you have to take into consideration not only the location, but also the best
accommodation that will provide you and your party with value for money according to your requirements.
Q. 5. What do you understand by marketing? Discuss the 4Ps of marketing.
Ans. Marketing is the process of communicating the value of a product or service to customers, for the purpose of
selling that product or service. Marketing can be looked at as an organizational function and a set of processes for
creating, delivering and communicating value to customers, and customer relationship management that also benefits the
organization. Marketing is the science of choosing target markets through market analysis and market segmentation, as
well as understanding consumer behavior and providing superior customer value. From a societal point of view, marketing is the link between a societys material requirements and its economic patterns of response. Marketing satisfies these
needs and wants through exchange processes and building long term relationships.
The origins of the concept of marketing have their roots with the Italian economist Giancarlo Pallavicini in 1959.
These roots are accompanied by the initial in-depth market research, constituting the first instruments of what became the
modern marketing, resumed and developed at a later time by Philip Kotler. Giancarlo Pallavicini introduces, the following definitions: Marketing is defined as a social and managerial process designed to meet the needs and requirements of
consumers through the processes of creating and exchanging products and values. It is the art and science of identifying,
creating and delivering value to meet the needs of a target market, making a profit : delivery of satisfaction at a price.
Recent approaches in marketing include relationship marketing with focus on the customer, business marketing or
industrial marketing with focus on an organization or institution and social marketing with focus on benefits to society.
New forms of marketing also use the internet and are therefore called internet marketing or more generally e-marketing,
online marketing, digital marketing, search engine marketing, or desktop advertising. It attempts to perfect the segmentation strategy used in traditional marketing. It targets its audience more precisely, and is sometimes called personalized
marketing or one-to-one marketing. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to be broad in scope, because it not only
refers to marketing on the Internet, but also includes marketing done via e-mail, wireless media as well as driving audience from traditional marketing methods like radio and billboard to internet properties or landing page.
Weve done our market research. Weve learned about the history and life-cycle of products like yours and the trends
and key drivers that determine where your products or services fit in the industry Now its time to distill your research
findings into a concentrated effort to generate a product that reflects your business goals and objectives while providing
solutions (price, packaging, convenience) for the customer.
The marketing mix is a business tool used in marketing and by marketers. The marketing mix is often crucial when
determining a product or brands offer, and is often associated with the four Ps: price, product, promotion, and place. In
service marketing, however, the four Ps are expanded to the seven Ps or eight Ps to address the different nature of
services.
The Product: Exactly what product or service are you going to sell to this market? Define it in terms of what it
does for your customer. How does it help your customer to achieve, avoid or preserve something? You must be clear about
the benefit you offer and how the customers life or work will be improved if he or she buys what you sell.
The Price: Exactly how much are you going to charge for your product or service, and on what basis? How are you
going to price it to sell at retail? How are you going to price it at wholesale? How are you going to charge for volume
discounts? Is your price correct based on your costs and the prices of your competitors?
The Place: Where are you going to sell this product at this price? Are you going to sell directly from your own
company or through wholesalers, retailers, direct mail, catalogs or the Internet?

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The Promotion: Promotion includes every aspect of advertising, brochures, packaging, salespeople and sales
methodology. How are you going to promote, advertise and sell this product at this price at this location? What will be the
process from the first contact with a prospect through to the completed sale?
Everyone who has studied marketing in the last 50 years has been introduced to the 4Ps. It was E. Jerome McCarthy
who originally developed the mnemonic, the 4Ps of marketing, which serves as a neat and memorable classification
system of the various elements of marketing. Originally, McCarthy defined the marketing mix as a combination of controllable factors at a marketers command to satisfy a target market.
Q. 7. Discuss the role of the local bodies in tourism development.
Ans. One of the core elements of tourism development is to encourage local communities participation as it is
central to the sustainability of tourism industry. While the literature suggests a number of roles local communities could
take in tourism development, little emphasis has so far been given as to how local communities themselves feel about this.
As a result, there has been little evidence, especially from the grassroots, on what communities really think of their role(s)
in tourism development. Using a case study of Barabarani village in Tanzania, this paper contributes to the understanding
of community participation in tourism development by examining local communities views on their role in tourism
development. The paper triangulates both quantitative and qualitative data to bring together perspectives from the grassroots
based on household questionnaire survey with some members of the local community and a two-month period of field
observations in the study area, coupled with the researchers experience with the wider community. The findings revealed
that local communities want to be involved when tourism policies are being made to enable policymakers to prepare a
policy that meets stakeholders needs and addresses their concerns. They also want to be part of tourism development
decisions to ensure their needs are incorporated. Furthermore, local communities want to have a voice in development
issues (not necessarily tourism development) to enable them to protect community interests, and increase transparency
and accountability, and wipe out embezzlements and abuse of offices, which are rampant acts amongst decision-makers.
Similar to previous studies, they rejected the statement local people should not participate by any means in tourism
development. It is clear from the findings that people are against the prevailing top-down approach in decision making
when it comes to tourism development in their areas. It also depicts the nature of the central government which controls
all the forms of decision making when it comes to development and policy formulation.
It was only after the 1980s that tourism activity gained momentum in India. The Government took several significant
steps to achieve this end. A National Policy on tourism was announced in 1982. Later in 1988, the National Committee on
Tourism formulated a comprehensive plan for achieving a sustainable growth in tourism. In 1992, a National Action Plan
was prepared and in 1996 the National Strategy for Promotion of Tourism was drafted. In 1997, a draft new tourism
policy in tune with the economic policies of the Government and the trends in tourism development was published for
public debate. The draft policy is now under revision. The proposed policy recognizes the roles of Central and State
governments, public sector undertakings and the private sector in the development of tourism.
Panchayati Raj institutions, local bodies, non-governmental organizations and the local youth have been involved in
the development process. The other significant development that took place were the setting up of the India Tourism
Development Corporation in 1966 to promote India as a tourist destination and the Tourism Finance Corporation in 1989
to finance tourism projects. Altogether, 21 Government-run Hotel Management and Catering Technology Institutes and
14 Food Craft Institutes were also established for imparting specialized training in hoteliering and catering.
India is renowned for its lavish and heartfelt treatment of all visitors, no matter which corner of the world they come
from. This, coupled with its diverse traditions, varied lifestyles and cultural heritage and colorful fairs and festivals pose
an irresistible attraction for the tourists. The other attractions include sensuous beaches, dense green forests and wild life
and landscapes for eco-tourism, snow, river and mountain peaks for adventure tourism, technological parks and science
museums for science tourism; centers of pilgrimage for spiritual tourism; heritage trains and hotels for heritage tourism.
Yoga, Ayurveda and natural health resorts also attract tourists with the promise of rejuvenating their souls and bodies. The
Indian handicrafts, particularly, jewelry, carpets, leather goods, ivory and brass hold international appeal. Surveys indicate that nearly forty per cent of the tourist expenditure on shopping is spent on such items.
In order to speed up the development of tourism in the country several thrust areas have been identified for accomplishment during the Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002). The areas where there has been conspicuous development are
infrastructure, products, trekking, winter sports, wildlife and beach resorts and streamlining of facilitation procedures at
airports, human resource development and facilitating private sector participation in the growth of infrastructure.
Some of the recent initiatives taken by the Government to boost tourism include grant of export house status to the
tourism sector and incentives for promoting private investment in the form of Income Tax exemptions, interest subsidy

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and reduced import duty. The hotel and tourism-related industry has been declared a high priority industry for foreign
investment which entails automatic approval of direct investment up to 51 per cent of foreign equity and allowing 100 per
cent non-resident Indian investment and simplifying rules regarding the grant of approval to travel agents, tour operators
and tourist transport operators.
In a nutshell, Indian tourism has huge untapped potential for generating employment and ensuring a steady flow of
foreign exchange besides giving a much-needed boost to the countrys overall economic and social development. There
have been significant improvements in the spheres of increasing air seat capacity, trains and railway connectivity to
important tourist destinations, four-laning of roads connecting important tourist centers. Accommodation facilities have
been redefined for the convenience of the visitors. Right from luxury resorts to paying guest accommodations, there is
something for everybody, to suit every pocket. Heritage hotels have been brought into the fold of the hotel industry as
well.

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