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Developing and implementing Internet privacy legislation is difficult for regulators, both domestically
but even more so internationally. One of the societys most highly protective of information privacy is
Germany. In 1983, the German federal courts identified 'informational self-determination' as a basic
right of the German citizen, warranting 'the capacity of the individual to determine in principle the
disclosure and use of his/her personal data'. But the nature of the Internet may make it difficult to arrive
at responsibility for particular actions or activities by firms or by consumers in other jurisdictions. More
importantly, however, activities that are regarded as not being breaches of privacy in one jurisdiction,
but perhaps wholly admissible behavior, may be inappropriate in another. Westin has suggested that his
concept of privacy is only specifically applicable to Western democracies, for example. Sometimes states
themselves are involved in the kinds of intrusion into individuals' information about payment gateway
for school privacy that, in other countries, would be generally regarded as illegal, unethical, or otherwise
unacceptable. Human rights group Privacy International has analyzed what it calls 'the world's leading
surveillance societies' in a ranking of national privacy. It noted in its most recent 2007 study that the
position of most EU countries was deteriorating. In particular, it found that:
The two lowest ranking countries overall in the survey were Malaysia and China. The highestranking countries were Greece and Canada (and even Greece was only 'adequate' in 2007).
In terms of the strength of statutory protections and degree of privacy enforcement, the US was
amongst the lowest ranking countries in the democratic world.
The lowest ranking EU country was the United Kingdom, which fell into the 'black' category
along with Russia and Singapore. (The black category defines countries demonstrating 'endemic
surveillance'.)
Despite having no comprehensive national privacy law, the United States scored slightly higher
than the UK overall. South Africa, Romania, and India all scored higher than the UK.
Whilst bi-lateral and multi-lateral arrangements are being developed between countries, it may never
be possible to arrive at truly global standards and legislation to ensure privacy. The OECD developed
guidelines on the protection of privacy and trans-border flows of personal data for its member countries
as early as 1980. The growth of cross-border activities since then has generated privacy laws in most
member countries, in conformity with these guidelines. For example, the twenty-one members of the
Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation group adopted a common Privacy Framework in 2004 which was
compliant with the OECD guidelines and payment gateway for college. However, the growing volume of
data flows and their changing nature has led to calls for a more global and systematic approach to crossborder privacy law cooperation. Whilst data exchange in the 1980s more often consisted of the physical
exchange of recorded media, creation and growth of Internet bandwidth capacity is now the dominant
feature of the communications landscape. Global bandwidth grew at a compounded annual rate of 57
per cent between 2002 and 2008, and by 62 per cent over 2007. However, since 2007, this capacity has
outpaced global Internet traffic growth leading to lower utilization and falling prices for the use of that
capacity.

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