EEET 205 Lab - 102

Experiment # 1
The SCR and RC phase control

Student Name: _________________
Student ID: ____________________
Date: _________________________
Score:
Reading:
Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics, Chapter 4, Section 4-1 to 4-5
Objectives:
1. Testing an SCR with ohmmeter.
2. Understanding the gate triggering modes of SCR (the supply voltage
is AC )
3. Understanding the gate triggering modes of SCR (the supply voltage
is DC )
Apparatus:
-
Power supply unit KL-51001
Isolation Transformer KL-58002 Oscilloscope
Module KL-53003
Analog Multimeter
Oscilloscope
Summary of theory:
The silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) is the most important thyristor in
the family of PNPN devices. It was developed by General Electric in 1957.
The SCR acts as a switch in an AC power control circuit. The SCR is a PNPN
four-layer device having three terminals: anode (A), cathode (K), and gate
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin Community College)
(G). In most control applications, the control signal is applied between the
gate and the cathode while the load is connected to either the anode or the
cathode in series. When the gate is open and a forward voltage is applied
between the anode and cathode (terminal A is positive with respect to
terminal K), the SCR is in off state due to the absence of base currents of
transistors Q1 and Q2. The two conditions must be met to fire an SCR. They
are:
1. Anode voltage should be positive with respect to the cathode.
2. Gate voltage should be positive with respect to the cathode.
The gate has no control over the SCR once it goes into conduction. Turn-off
must be achieved in the anode-to-cathode circuit. There are three ways in
which turn-off, or commutation as it is commonly called, can be achieved
by:
1. reversing the anode-to-cathode voltage;
2. reducing the anode current below the holding current level;
3. Forcing current in the anode circuit in the reverse direction.
When a sinusoidal voltage source is used, turn-off of the SCR occurs
automatically at the end of each positive half cycle of applied voltage.
When a dc or unidirectional voltage source is used, the anode current must
be interrupted or a passive energy storage element is used to attempt to
force current through the anode circuit in the reverse direction, which
reverses
the
anode
voltage.
Since
the
SCR
is
PNPN
junction
semiconductor structure, a minimum time is required for the charges to

reverse at the junction after conduction has been interrupted. This time
interval is called the turn-off time of the SCR. The turn-off time t off for SCRs
is typically 10 to 100 S.
Experiment Circuit
Procedure I (AC Supply):
1. Set the range sector of the analogue ohmmeter to X1. Connect the
black lead to terminal A and the red lead to terminal K. Read and
record the reading indicated by the pointer. RAK= ______________.
Reversing the leads, RAK = _______________ .
2. Connect the black lead of the analogue ohmmeter to terminal A and
the red lead to terminal K. Connecting G to A with a wire, read and
record the resistance reading indicated by the pointer. RAK =
_______________ . The SCR is ________________ (go or no go). Read and
record the voltage reading on LV scale as the forward voltage drop
between the anode and cathode. VAK(DC) = _______________ V.
Remove the analogue multimeter from SCR terminals.
3. Connect 18-VAC power supply to module KL-53003 through the
isolation transformer. The 12-V lamp is in RL sockets.
A.
FOR FIRING DELAY ANGLE FROM 00 TO 900
4. Insert connect plugs in positions 2, 4 and 7. Turning VR2, observe and

record the changes of the SCR conduction angle and lamp brightness.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Turn VR2 to get maximum conduction angle. =------------- degrees.
Using the oscilloscope, measure and record the voltage waveforms of
VG in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1
VG waveform (record the peak-to-peak voltage)
B.
FOR FIRING DELAY ANGLE FROM 00 TO 1800
6. Remove connect plug from position 7. Insert connect plugs in

positions 5, 6, 8, and 9. Using the oscilloscope, measure the voltage
waveform across RL. Turning VR2, observe and record the changes of
the SCR conduction angle and lamp brightness.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Adjust VR2 to get the conduction angle of 90 degrees. Measure and

record the voltage waveforms of VG Table 1-2.
Table 1-2
8. Remove the connect plug from position 9. Observe and record the
changes of VG.
What made the waveform changes?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Procedure II (DC Supply):

1- Remove the analogue multimeter ad then connect 12 VDC power
supplies to module KL-53003. The 12 V-lamp is in RL sockets.
2-Turn VR1 fully CCW and insert connect plugs in position 1, 3, and 7.
3- Turn ON the power and then observe and record the state of RL(lamp).
_____________________ using the digital multimeter measure and record
the anode and gate voltages. VA= ___________ V, VG= _________________ V.
The SCR is operating in ________________ (on or off state).
4- Slowly turning VR1 to the right, observe and record the state of RL (on
or off) . When the lamp lights, measure and record the gate voltage.
VG = ________________ V. The SCR is operating in ________________________
(on or off) state.
5-Using the digital multimeter, measure and record the anode voltage of
the SCR. This voltage is the forward voltage drop (VF) between the anode
and cathode of the SCR. VF = ______________________V.
6-Turn VR1 fully CW. Observe and record the states of RL and SCR.
____________________________.Turn VR1 fully CCW. Observe and record the
states of RL and SCR.
_____________________________________________________________ Explain
why there is no change.
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
7-Remove the connect plug from position 1 and then insert it back.
Observe and record the states of RL and SCR.
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
After Lab Questions:

1-What two things must happen to cause an SCR to be fired (ON state)?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-After an SCR has been fired, what effect does the gate signal have on the
SCR?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3-Describe the methods used to turn OFF SCRs in dc circuits.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Experiment # 2
Unijunction Transistor Characteristics
Student Name: _________________

Student ID: ____________________
Date: _________________________
Score:
Reading:
Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics: Chapter 5, Sections 5-1 to 5-3
Objective:
1. Understanding the construction and characteristics of a UJT.
2. Understanding the operation and the two transistor equivalent of a
UJT.
3. Measuring the characteristics of a UJT.
4. Constructing and measuring basic UJT application circuits.
Apparatus:
-
Power supply unit KL 51001
Isolation Transformer KL 58002
Module KL 53001
Analog multimeter
Digital multimeter
Oscilloscope
Summary of theory:
The Unijunction transistor (UJT) was originally called a double base
diode due to the presence of two base contacts.
The interbase resistance RBB is the resistance of the device between
terminals B2 and B1 when IE = 0, and can be considered as consisting of the
resistors rB1 and rB2 in series. In equation form,
R BB rB1 rB 2 I
E 0
The magnitude of rB1 is typically from 5 to 12 k. The resistance is fairly

distributed between B1 and B2 when the emitter is open circuited (I E = 0).
Due to the position of the emitter is closer to the base 2 contact than the
base 1 contact, the magnitude of rB1 is slightly larger than the rB2 value. The
resistance rB1 is shown as a variable resistor since its magnitude will vary
with emitter current IE. For example, the rB1 values of 2N492 UJT are 4.6 k
at IE = 0, 2 k at IE = 1 mA, 150 at IE = 10 mA, and 40 at IE = 50 mA.
With IE = 0, the voltage drop on the resistor r B1 is determined by the
voltage-divider rule:
r
Vr B1 V
B1 R
BB B2 B1 I E 0
VrB1 V
B 2 B1 I E 0
The intrinsic standoff ratio of the UJT, , is typically within the range of 0.5
to 0.8.
UJT characteristics:
When applied emitter voltage VE is smaller than the peak-point voltage V P,
the p-n junction at the emitter is reverse biased and only a small leakage
current IEO normally flows in the emitter. The current I Eo usually measured in
A, corresponds very closely with the reverse leakage current I Co of the
conventional bipolar transistor. This region as indicated in the figure is
called the cutoff region.
When the voltage VE is increased, a voltage is reached where V E is equal to

the sum of the forward voltage drop across the p-n junction and the voltage
across rB1. This voltage is known as the peak-point voltage V P or firing point
voltage. When the applied VE reaches the firing potential V P, the diode will
fire and the UJT will conduct from the cutoff region into the negative
resistance region. The emitter firing potential is given by
VP VB 2 B1V D
Where the forward voltage drop across the diode V D is typically 0.7 V. as the
emitter base1 voltage greater than VP the p-n junction is forward biased so
that the holes are injected from the emitter into the silicon n-type material.
Since the B1 is negative with respect to the emitter, the electric field is such
that most holes move toward the B 1 terminal. An equal number of electrons
are injected from B1 to maintain electrical neutrality in the n-type material.
The increase in current carried in the silicon material decreases the value of
rB1. This causes the fraction of voltage across r B1 to decrease, which causes
a further increase of emitter current IE, and a lower resistance of r B1. This
region between the peak point voltage VP and the valley point voltage VV on
the curve is called negative resistance region. With the characteristic of
negative resistance, the UJT is suitable for the application of relaxation
oscillator, multivibrator, and timing circuit. At the valley point voltage, the
emitter voltage VE increase gradually at currents above I V and then reaches
a nearly constant value VEsat. This voltage is called saturation voltage. The
region to the right of the valley point is known as the saturation region,
where the dynamic resistance is determine d by the slope of I-V curve and
is given between 10 and 20 . If the emitter voltage returns to zero, the UJT
operating in saturation will be cut off. The emitter resistance of UJT ranges
from several hundred ohms to several mega ohms. In cutoff region, the
emitter resistance is typically several hundred thousand ohms or several
mega ohms. In negative resistance region, the emitter resistance typically
10
several thousand ohms and is about several hundred ohms in saturation

region.
Testing UJT with ohmmeter:

Set the analogue multimeter on 1 K range and connect the red lead to
the base 2 of the UJT and black lead to the base 1 a reading between 5 to
12 k should be obtained. Reversing the polarity will be the same reading.
This reading represents interbase resistance of the UJT with I E = 0. If the
black lead is connected to the emitter and the red lead to the base 1 or
base 2, the p-n junction is forward biased by the internal battery and the
meter should indicate a low resistance. Thus emitter terminal is located.
The resistance of E-B1 is greater than the resistance of E-B2. Thus three
terminal of the UJT are identified
Procedure:
1. Connect AC 12 V from power supply unit KL-51001, KL 58002 to module
KL 53001.
11
Experiment circuit
UJT characteristic measurement

2. Insert connect plug in 1, 4, 6 and 8 positions. Adjust VR1 fully CCW to
obtain a minimum resistance.
3. Turn on the power. Observe and record the state of LED.
____________________ The UJT is operating in ________________ region.
Using the multimeter, measure and record the voltage across R11.
_____________________V.
Note: All the measurement should be on DC mode
4. Measure and record the emitter voltage of the UJT with the multimeter
(the red lead to E, the black lead to GND).
VE = _______________V.
12
5. Slowly turning the VR1 to the right (CW), observe the change of VE until
the voltage reading reaches a peak value and abruptly reduces to a
valley value. Record the peak and valley values. The peak value
represents the peak point voltage of the UJT and the valley value is the
valley point voltage.
VP= ___________________ V
VV = ___________________V
6. The led is _____________ (on or off). The UJT should operate in
______________ region.
7. Using the multimeter, measure and record the voltage across R11. VR11
= ___________________ V
8. Set the dual trace oscilloscope to X-Y mode. Connect GND of the
oscilloscope to the emitter (E) of the UJT, CH1 input to the other terminal
of R6, and CH2 (inverted) input to the base 1 (B1) of UJT. Plot the IE-VE
curve as on the display of oscilloscope in Plot 2-1.
Plot 2-1
9. Decreasing VR1, observe and record the change of IE-VE curve.
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
13
Conclusion:

1-Is a Unijunction transistor a continuously variable device or a switching
device? Explain
2-Draw the schematic symbol of a UJT and define its terminals
14
Experiment # 3
UJT Oscillator and Timer Circuits
Student Name: _________________

Student ID: ____________________
Date: _________________________
Score:
Reading:
Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics: Chapter 5, Sections 5-2 to 5-3
Objective:
1. Understanding the operation of UJT relaxation oscillator circuit .
2. Understanding the operation of UJT timer circuit.
15
Apparatus:
-
Module KL 53001
Digital multimeter
Digital Oscilloscope
Summary of theory:
The Unijunction transistor (UJT) was originally called a double base
diode due to the presence of two base contacts.
The interbase resistance RBB is the resistance of the device between
terminals B2 and B1 when IE = 0, and can be considered as consisting of the
resistors rB1 and rB2 in series. In equation form,
R BB rB1 rB 2 I
E 0
The magnitude of rB1 is typically from 5 to 12 k. The resistance is fairly

distributed between B1 and B2 when the emitter is open circuited (I E = 0).
Due to the position of the emitter is closer to the base 2 contact than the
base 1 contact, the magnitude of rB1 is slightly larger than the rB2 value. The
resistance rB1 is shown as a variable resistor since its magnitude will vary
with emitter current IE. For example, the rB1 values of 2N492 UJT are 4.6 k
at IE = 0, 2 k at IE = 1 mA, 150 at IE = 10 mA, and 40 at IE = 50 mA.
With IE = 0, the voltage drop on the resistor r B1 is determined by the
voltage-divider rule:
r
Vr B1 V
B1 R
BB B2 B1 I E 0
VrB1 V
B 2 B1 I E 0
The intrinsic standoff ratio of the UJT, , is typically within the range of 0.5
to 0.8.
UJT characteristics:
16
When applied emitter voltage VE is smaller than the peak-point voltage V P,

the p-n junction at the emitter is reverse biased and only a small leakage
current IEO normally flows in the emitter. The current I Eo usually measured in
A, corresponds very closely with the reverse leakage current I Co of the
conventional bipolar transistor. This region as indicated in the figure is
called the cutoff region.
When the voltage VE is increased, a voltage is reached where V E is equal to
the sum of the forward voltage drop across the p-n junction and the voltage
across rB1. This voltage is known as the peak-point voltage V P or firing point
voltage. When the applied VE reaches the firing potential V P, the diode will
fire and the UJT will conduct from the cutoff region into the negative
resistance region. The emitter firing potential is given by
VP VB 2 B1V D
Where the forward voltage drop across the diode V D is typically 0.7 V. as the
emitter base1 voltage greater than VP the p-n junction is forward biased so
that the holes are injected from the emitter into the silicon n-type material.
Since the B1 is negative with respect to the emitter, the electric field is such
that most holes move toward the B 1 terminal. An equal number of electrons
are injected from B1 to maintain electrical neutrality in the n-type material.
The increase in current carried in the silicon material decreases the value of
rB1. This causes the fraction of voltage across r B1 to decrease, which causes
a further increase of emitter current IE, and a lower resistance of r B1. This
region between the peak point voltage VP and the valley point voltage VV on
the curve is called negative resistance region. With the characteristic of
negative resistance, the UJT is suitable for the application of relaxation
oscillator, multivibrator, and timing circuit. At the valley point voltage, the
emitter voltage VE increase gradually at currents above I V and then reaches
a nearly constant value VEsat. This voltage is called saturation voltage. The
region to the right of the valley point is known as the saturation region,
where the dynamic resistance is determine d by the slope of I-V curve and
17
is given between 10 and 20 . If the emitter voltage returns to zero, the UJT
operating in saturation will be cut off. The emitter resistance of UJT ranges
from several hundred ohms to several mega ohms. In cutoff region, the
emitter resistance is typically several hundred thousand ohms or several
mega ohms. In negative resistance region, the emitter resistance typically
several thousand ohms and is about several hundred ohms in saturation
region.
Prelab
From the experimental circuit below find the capacitor charging time T1 and
T2 for the following values of C:
1. C=C4=1 F
2. C=C3=22 F
3. C=C2=100 F
Example:
VR2=minimum, T1=R4*C=510*C
VR2=maximum, T2=(R4+VR2)*C=(510+250*103)*C
For: C=C4= 1 F
T1=0.00051 seconds, and f1=1960 HZ
T2=0.25 seconds, and f2=4 HZ
Procedure:
1. Connect AC 110 V input of Power supply unit KL-51001, KL 58002 to AC
outlet using AC power cord.
18
2. Referring to the experiment circuit, set S1 on Module KL-53001 to OFF.

Connect DC 12 V input to +12 V output of power Supply Unit using test
leads.
I- OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
3. Insert connect plugs in position 1, 4, 7,8,11,12, and 14. Turn VR2 fully
CCW to
get the minimum value of resistance.
4. Switch S1 to ON position. Using the oscilloscope obtain the output
waveform (at B1) then record the waveform period
T=-------------------------ms
Note: If no oscillation occurs, slowly turn VR2 to the right until a
visible waveform is present.
Draw the voltage waveform at E, determine the parameters of UJT.
VV=
VP=
19
6. Turn VR2 fully CW. Observe and record the states of LED and buzzer.
LED -------------------------; Buzzer --------------------------7. Justify your result in step 6.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II- TIMER CIRCUIT
8. Insert the connection plug in position 9 .
9. Turn VR2 all the way to CW direction, then turn S1 ON. Are the LED and
the BZ pulsating directly after closing S1 ? -----------------------------10. State whether the above timer is ON-Delay or OFF-Delay -Explain.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion:
20

What are the main applications of UJT relaxation oscillators?
Experiment # 4
PUT Characteristics
Student Name: _________________
Student ID: ____________________
Date: _________________________
Score:
Reading:
Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics: Chapter 5, Section 5-5.
Objective:
1. Understanding the construction and characteristics of a PUT.
2. Measuring the characteristics of a PUT.
21
Apparatus:
-
Module KL 53002
Dual-Trace Oscilloscope
Analog Multimeter
Digital Multimeter
Summary of theory:
The programmable Unijunction transistor (PUT) is a four-layer PNPN
semiconductor device. The characteristic of the PUT is quite similar to the
UJT. An advantage of the PUT over a corresponding UJT is that the
important parameter can be controlled by external components.
For further study see pages 206 to 209 (Timothy, Modern Industrial
Electronics)
Testing PUT with ohmmeter:

An ohmmeter, found on the analog meter, can be used to check the
condition of the PUT and to identify the terminals. We use an ohmmeter
that the negative of internal battery is internally connected to the + lead
(normally the red) and the positive is to the lead (normally the black).
1. Set the range selector of the multimeter to RX1 range. Connect the
red lead to the gate (G) of the PUT and the black lead to the anode
(A). A low resistance reading should be indicated. Reversing the
polarity will indicate an infinite reading.
2. The resistance between G and K is always infinite despite the polarity.
3. With G open, connect the black lead to the anode (A) and the red
lead to the cathode (K) and a low reading is frequently indicated. This
is caused by the very high triggering sensitivity of the gate. If the
reading is infinite, touching the gate with your fingers will cause the
low resistance indicated on the scale. Reversing the polarity, the
reading will be infinite.
22
Calculation:
The gate voltage VG of the PUT is determined by the voltage divider
network containing VR3 and R9 and written in equation form.
VG
R9
Vs
VR3 R9
Adjusting VR3 will change the amount of VG. The anode voltage VA is
determined by the voltage-divider network consisting of R4, R5, and VR1
and expressed as:
VA
VR1 R5
VR1 R5 R 4
Vs
The value of VA can be controlled by adjusting VR1.
Procedure:
1. Connect AC 12 V from power supply unit KL-51001, KL 58002 to module
KL 53002.
Vs
23
Experiment circuit
A.
PUT characteristic measurement
2. Turn VR1 and VR3 fully CCW.

Insert connect plug in positions 1, 4, 6 7, and 10. Set the range
selector of multimeter to DC V range.
3. Adjust VR3 to get VG = 3 V (or 2.5V, whichever is stable).
4. The LED is __________________ (ON or OFF).
The PUT is operating in _________________ state.
Using the multimeter, measure and record the dc voltage across R8.
VR8= _________________ V
5. Using the multimeter, measure and record the anode-to-ground voltage.
VA= _________________ V
6. Slowly turning VR1 to the right (CW), observe the change of VA until the
voltage reading reaches a peak value and abruptly reduces to a valley
value. Record the peak and valley values. The peak and valley values
represent the peak and valley voltages of the PUT, respectively.
VP= _________________ V
VV= _________________ V
7. The LED is __________________ (ON or OFF).
8. Using the multimeter, measure and record the dc voltage across R8.
VR8= _________________ V
9. Turn VR1 to the left (CCW) and adjust VR3 to get VG = 3.5 V by VR3
At the moment LED is __________________ (ON or OFF).
Measure VA= _________________ V.
10.
Turn VR1 to the right until LED is ON.

Measure and record the voltages of VP and VV.
VP= _________________ V
24
VV= _________________ V
11.
Compare the values of VP and VV in steps 7 and 11.

Do they agree? ___________________________________________________
Are the VP and VV values variable? ____________________________________
12. Set the dual-trace oscilloscope to X-Y mode. Connect GND to the anode
(A) of the PUT, CH1 input to the other terminal of R6, and CH2 input to the
cathode (K). Observe and plot the VAK-IAK curve on the scope display.
Conclusion:
25

Draw the schematic diagram of PUT and define its terminals
Experiment # 5
PUT Characteristics (continue)
Student Name: _________________
Student ID: ____________________
Date: _________________________
Score:
Reading:
Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics: Chapter 5, Section 5-5.
Objective:
1-Understanding the construction and characteristics of a PUT.
2-Measuring the characteristics of a PUT.
Apparatus:
-
Module KL 53002
Digital Multimeter
26
Summary of theory:
The programmable Unijunction transistor (PUT) is a four-layer PNPN
semiconductor device. The characteristic of the PUT is quite similar to the
UJT. An advantage of the PUT over a corresponding UJT is that the
important parameter can be controlled by external components.
For further study see pages 206 to 209 (Timothy, Modern Industrial
Electronics)
CDS and RTH

Replacing R4 by CDS, the light-controlled switch is formed. The CDS is
a light sensitive device and its resistance is inversely proportional to the
incident light intensity. The value of VA is determined by the voltage-divider
network containing R3, CDS, VR1, and R5. When CDS exposed in a low light
level, the resistance of CDS is very high so that VA is too small to turn the
PUT on. If a high level reduces the resistance of CDS, VA will increase to a
sufficient voltage to fire the PUT and thus the LED is ON. This is a basic
streetlight control circuit.
In the same manner, replacing R4 by the thermistor RTH, this circuit can be
used as a fire alarm circuit. The RTH is a negative temperature coefficient
(NTC) thermistor. The resistance of an NTC is inversely proportional to the
ambient temperature. In other words, a temperature increase causes the
resistance of an NTC thermistor to decrease; a temperature decrease
causes the resistance of the thermistor to increase. The operation of this
circuit is exactly similar to the CDS light-controlled circuit discussed above.
Calculation:
The gate voltage VG of the PUT is determined by the voltage divider
network containing VR3 and R9 and written in equation form.
VG
R9
Vs
VR3 R9
27
Adjusting VR3 will change the amount of VG. The anode voltage VA is
determined by the voltage-divider network consisting of R4, R5, and VR1
and expressed as:
VA
VR1 R5
VR1 R5 R 4
Vs
The value of VA can be controlled by adjusting VR1.
Procedure:
1- Connect AC 12 V from power supply unit KL-51001, KL 58002 to module
KL 53002.
Experiment circuit
28
A. PUT Temperature- Control Circuit

2- Turn VR1 and VR3 fully CCW.
3-Insert connect plug in positions 1, 3, 6, 7, and 10.
4-Adjust VR3 to get VG=3.5 V
5-Slowly turn VR1 and stop at the point where the LED is near ON. Measure
and record the voltage of VA.
VA=------------------------------------------ V
6- Approach a hot soldering iron to the thermistor RTH. Observe and record
the change of VA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7-Keep heating the RTH. Observe and record the states of PUT and LED.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8-Remove the soldering iron from RTH . Observe and record the change of
the PUT.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B. PUT light-Control Circuit
9-Remove the connect plug from position 3 and insert it in position 2. Cover
the
CDS window with your hand.
10-Adjust VR3 to get VG=3.5 V and turn VR1 fully to CW. Observe and
record the state of the PUT and LED.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11- Remove your hand from the CDS window to increase sensed light level.
Observe and record the states of the PUT and LED.
VA= ---------------- V
VG=-----------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion:
In a programmable Unijunction Transistor (PUJT), the main

current flow path subsequent to triggering is :
a) From G to K
b) From G to the A
c) From A to K
d) From K to A
30
Experiment # 6
Automatic Lamp Dimming Circuits

Student Name: _________________
Student ID: ____________________
Date: ________________________
Score:
Reading:
Timothy J.
Maloney, Modern Industrial Electronics Chapter 6-
Section 6-5
Objective:
1. Understanding the operation of TRIAC and SCR phase controls.
2. Understanding the operation of DIAC-TRIAC phase control circuit.
3. Performing an automatic lamp dimming control.
Apparatus:
-
Module KL 53007
Summary of theory:
The TRIAC, like SCR, is often used in an AC circuit to control the power
on load. A TRIAC can operate in full-wave phase control circuits while an
SCR can operate in half-wave phase control circuits. The most elementary
form of full-wave control is the simple DIAC-TRIAC circuit. This circuit is
widely used in lamp dimming control and fan speed control circuit. The
disadvantage of this circuit is the range of firing angle less than 180
degrees.
31
Procedure:
1-Connect 110 VAC power supply from supply Unit KL-51001 -KL-58002 to
Module KL-53007. Install the lamp (LP) in the socket on the module.
e
Experiment Circuit
2-Insert connect plugs in positions 1, 4, 5, and 12. Turn VR1 completely to
CW direction then, turn VR1 gradually to CCW, observe and record the
change of lamp brightness.
---------------------------------------------------------------
32
3- Turn VR1 to get a maximum brightness (all the way to CCW), then
measure and record the voltage waveforms of TRIAC T2 and capacitor C1 in
the table below.
4-Remove all connect plugs and insert connect plugs in positions 1, 4, 6,

and 11. Turn VR1 completely to CW and then turn it gradually to CCW.
33
--------------------------------------------------------------
5- Remove all connect plugs and insert connect plugs in positions 2, 4, 8,

and 12. Tuning VR1 all the way to CCW, observe the lamp brightness (low
or high).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin Community College)
34
-----------------------------------------------------------6- Remove all connect plugs and insert connect plugs in positions 1, 4, 5,
and 9 (SCR replaced the Triac). Turn VR1 to get a maximum brightness,
Which of the power control circuits has maximum power output (in this
step or in step 5 )- Explain ?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7- Remove all connect plugs and insert connect plugs in position 1, 3, 6 ,
and 11 .
Expose CDS** to normal light level. Turn VR1 completely to CCW
direction .
8- Cover CDS window with your hand. Observe and record the states of
lamp, DIAC,
and TRIAC- Explain
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9- Remove your hand from CDS window. Observe and record the states of
lamp, DIAC, and TRIAC-Explain
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------** The CDS is a light-sensitive device and its resistance is inversely
proportional to light level. In other words, when light is not present, the
resistance is increased. When light is present, the CDS resistance is
reduced.
The CDS is used to perform the function of automatic lamp dimming
control. In normal light level, the trigger potential is set at a low level that
can not trigger DIAC to turn on. Thus TRIAC and lamp are off. When the
light source is blocked, an increased in CDS resistance causes a sufficient
trigger potential to turn the DIAC on. TRIAC is then on and lamp is on.
35
Conclusion:

Explain the hysteresis (flash-on) effect and the way to eliminate it
36
Experiment # 7
Photocoupler and Touch Alarm circuits
Student Name: _________________
Student ID: ____________________
Date: _________________________
Score:
Objective:
1. Understanding the characteristics of photocoupler.
2. Performing the Photocoupler control circuit.
3. Performing the FET touch alarm circuit.
Apparatus:
-
Module KL 53008
Digital multimeter
Summary of theory:
See lecture notes.
Procedure :
37
1- Connect 5V and 12 DC supplies from power supply unit KL-51001-KL58002 to Module KL-53008.
Experiment
Circuit
2- Set SW to off position. Insert connect plugs in positions 1, 2, 5, and 7.

3- Which of the LEDs is on? -------------------------------------------Is the relay energized? -----------------------------------------------
4- Using the multimeter, measure and record the voltage at Q1

collector, photocoupler E, Q3 collector , and Q4 collector.
VC1=------------------, VE1=----------------------------------VC3=------------------, VC4=----------------------------------5- Set SW to ON position. Is the relay activated?
Which of the LEDs is on? ---------------------------------------6- Repeat step 4.
38
VC1=------------------, VE1=----------------------------------VC3=------------------, VC4=----------------------------------7- Remove all connect plugs from the Module. Insert connect plugs in
position 3, 4, and 6. Does the buzzer sound?
------------------------------------------------------8- Using the multimeter, measure and record the voltage at FET drain,
Q3 collector, and Q4 collector.
VD2=-------------------------------------------------
VC3=-------------------------, VC4=-----------------------------------
9- Touch the terminal "TOUCH" with your finger. Does the buzzer sound?
------------------------If yes explain why?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Using the multimeter, measure and record the voltage at FET
drain, Q3 collector, and Q4 collector.
VD=------------------------------------------------VC3=-------------------------, VC4=----------------------------------10-
Remove your finger from the Touch" terminal. Does the buzzer
sound? -------------------If no explain why?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion:
39

Define
uses
photocoupler and name some of its industrial
40
Experiment # 8
Proportional Temperature Control

Student Name: _________________
Student ID: ____________________
Date: _________________________
Score:
Reading:
Lecture Notes
Objective:
1. Understanding the types and principles of temperature controllers.
2. Performing a proportional temperature controller.
Apparatus:
-
Module KL 53008
Digital Multimeter
Summary of theory:
See section 10-4 to 10-6 16-in EEET 205 text book.
Description of the Experiment Circuit:

The figure below shows the experiment circuit. VR2 and thermistors TM1
and TM2 form a resistive bridge. The VR2 is used to control the bridge
operating in balance. The VR1 is used to control the voltage applied to
bridge. Resistive R1 is to limit the current flowing in bridge when VR1 at
low value of resistance.
When the output voltage of resistance bridge set to zero, diode D1 and SCR
are off so that LED1 lights. If the resistance of TM1 decreases as the
temperature increases, the output voltage of the bridge increases and
reaches 0.6 V to force D1 to conduct. Hence the SCR turns on and
41
energizes the relay . LED2 lights to indicate temperature over the setting
range. To turn off the SCR, push SW once. Similarly, the resistance of TM2
decreases as the temperature increase. The increase of the bridge output
voltage triggers the SCR to conduct. Then LED2 lights on to indicate the
temperature too high. Since the output voltage of the bridge is an ac
voltage, therefore diode D1 should be used to protect the SCR against a
negative pulse applied to the gate.
Experiment Circuit
Procedure:
1- Connect 12V AC supply from power Supply Unit KL-51001-KL-58002
to Module KL-53008.
2- Turn the VR1 fully CCW. Measure and record the voltage across VR2
by using the multimeter. VvR2(ac)= ---------------------V
42
3- Using the multimeter, measure the output voltage of resistive bridge

to get 0V by turning VR2. At this instant, the resistive bridge operates
in balance.
4- Insert connect plug in position 1. Connect 12V DC supply from Power
Supply Unit to Module KL-53008. Observe and the states of LEDs and
rely.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------If any accident triggering is caused by touching the connect plug with
finger,
please push switch SW once to initialize the operation.
5-Approach a hot soldering iron to the TM1. Using the multimeter,
measure and
record the output voltage of the resistive bridge.
Vo
=-----------------------------V.
ac
Does the relay operate?

Explain--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Which of the LEDs is on?
Explain------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6-Remove the soldering iron from TM1 and cool TM1 for a while. Is the
resistive bridge in balance? Why?--------------------------------------------------Is the SCR turned off? ------------------------------------------What is the reason? --------------------------------------------Push SW once. Observe and record the states of SCR and LEDs.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
43
7- Approach the soldering iron to TM2. At the moment LED2 ON Measure

and record the output voltage of the resistive bridge Vo ac
=-----------------------------V
Is the SCR turned on? ------------------------------------------------------8- Remove the soldering iron from TM2 and cool TM2 for a while. Measure
and record the output voltage of the resistive bridge.
Vo
ac
=------------------V
Is the resistive bridge in balance? --------------------------------------Which of the LEDS is on? -------------------------------------------------What is the state of SCR in? ------------------------------------------------What is the reason? ------------------------------------------9- Push SW once. Observe and record the states of SCR and LEDs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion:

1-Define thermistor
2-Does thermistor have a positive or negative temperature

coefficient of resistance?
44
Experiment # 9
Motor Starting and Speed Control
Student Name: _________________
Student ID: ____________________
Date: _________________________
Score:
Reading:
Industrial Electronic Trainer, pp 15-2 to 15-25
Objective:
1. Understanding the types and characteristics of motors.
2. Studying motor speed control circuits
3. Performing Triac motor starting and speed control circuit
Apparatus:
-
Motor Module KL 58001
Module KL-53007
Oscilloscope
Multimeter
Summary of theory:
The universal motor is used in this experiment .This motor is
designed to operate on ac or dc voltage. Motor speed can be controlled by
adjusting the applied voltage. The universal motor usually operates at very
high speeds with good efficiency. The speed will vary considerably with
external loading. This motor finds widespread use in many consumer
appliances such as sewing machines, vacuum cleaners , mixers, blenders,
garden tools, hand drills , and floor polishers.
45
Note: The DIAC-TRIAC phase control described in the last experiment is

used in this experiment except that the lamp is replaced by universal
motor.
Procedure
1. Connect the universal motor on Module KL-58001 to the experiment
circuit on Module KL-53007 .
Experiment Circuit
2. Connect 110 VAC supply from power supply Unit KL-51001 to KL53007 module.
3. Turn VR1 fully CW. Insert connect plugs in positions 2, 4, 5, and 8.
4. At this instant, does the motor run ?------------------------
46
5. Turning VR1 CCW , observe and record the change of the motor speed.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Turn VR1 to control the motor running at very low speed. Turn the
power off and then on. Observe and record the change of the motor
speeds.
..
7. Set VR1 to get a maximum speed. Using the oscilloscope, measure
and record the voltage waveforms at Triac T2 and across C1 below.
8-Turn off the power. Remove the connect plug from position 5 and insert
it in position 6. Turn VR1 fully CCW. Record the results in the table below.
47
9-Turn off the power. Remove the connect plug from position 6 and insert
it in
position 7 .Turn VR1 fully CCW. Repeat step 8.
10- Compare the speed in steps, 7, 8, and 9. If they are different explain
the
reason.
..
11-Turn off the power. Remove all connect plugs and then insert them in
positions
1, 3, 5, and 8. Turn on the power.
48
12- Turn VR1 to set the motor running at low speed when CDS** is
exposed
to normal light level. Cover CDS window with your hand . Is the motor
running? If NO explain why?
..
13- Remove your hand from the CDS window. Is the motor running? If
YES explain why?
..
14- Measure the current drawn by the motor at no load.
..
15- Now, try to prevent the rotor from running and measure the current
drawn at the same time. Explain the difference in current reading
from step 14.
..
** The CDS is a light-sensitive device and its resistance is inversely
proportional to light level. In other words, when light is not present, the
resistance is increased. When light is present, the CDS resistance is
reduced.
The CDS is used to perform the function of automatic lamp dimming
control. In normal light level, the trigger potential is set at a low level that
can not trigger DIAC to turn on . Thus TRIAC and lamp are off. When the
light source is blocked , an increased in CDS resistance causes a sufficient
trigger potential to turn the DIAC on. TRIAC is then on and lamp is on.
49
Conclusion:

Explain two methods which can control the speed of a DC motor.
Experiment # 10
Overvoltage and Undervoltage Breaker
Student Name: _________________
Student ID: ____________________
Date: _________________________
Score:
Reading:
Text book
Modern Industrial Electronics
50
Objective:
1. Understanding the operating principal of overvoltage and undervoltage
Relays
2. Performing overvoltage and undervoltage Relay breaker with OP amps
Apparatus:
-
Module KL- 53009

Multimeter
Description of Experiment Circuit:

The figure below shows the overvoltage and undervoltage detector circuit***
SEE SEPARATE HANDOUT
Experiment Circuit
Procedure (For Getting A normal operation )
1. Connect AC 18 V and Ac 12 V supplies from power supply unit KL51001, KL-58002 to Module KL-53009.
2. Turn VR1 and VR2 fully CCW while VR3 fully CW. Insert connect
plug in position 1.
3. Measure the input voltage of the bridge rectifier. Adjust VR1 to get
a voltage reading of 14 VAC.
51
4. Adjust VR3 to get voltage across it approximately equal to 5.2

VDC
5. Adjust VR2 to get voltage across it approximately equal to 5.0
VDC
Conclusion:
You have experimented the operation and measurement of OP amp overand undevoltage detection. In normal operation the LEDs are on. If
overvoltage condition occurs, LED2 will be off and SCR turn on and cut off
the lamp. If undervoltage condition occurs, LED1 will be off and SCR turn
on and cut off the lamp.
52
53

EEET 205 Lab - 102

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Experiment # 1

The SCR and RC phase control

Power supply unit KL-51001

Isolation Transformer KL-58002 Oscilloscope

semiconductor structure, a minimum time is required for the charges to

FOR FIRING DELAY ANGLE FROM 00 TO 900

4. Insert connect plugs in positions 2, 4 and 7. Turning VR2, observe and

FOR FIRING DELAY ANGLE FROM 00 TO 1800

6. Remove connect plug from position 7. Insert connect plugs in

7. Adjust VR2 to get the conduction angle of 90 degrees. Measure and

What made the waveform changes?

Procedure II (DC Supply):

After Lab Questions:

3-Describe the methods used to turn OFF SCRs in dc circuits.

Student Name: _________________

Power supply unit KL 51001

Isolation Transformer KL 58002

The magnitude of rB1 is typically from 5 to 12 k. The resistance is fairly

When the voltage VE is increased, a voltage is reached where V E is equal to

several thousand ohms and is about several hundred ohms in saturation

Testing UJT with ohmmeter:

UJT characteristic measurement

After Lab Questions:

2-Draw the schematic symbol of a UJT and define its terminals

Student Name: _________________

Power supply unit KL 51001

Isolation Transformer KL 58002

The magnitude of rB1 is typically from 5 to 12 k. The resistance is fairly

When applied emitter voltage VE is smaller than the peak-point voltage V P,

2. Referring to the experiment circuit, set S1 on Module KL-53001 to OFF.

After Lab Questions:

Power supply unit KL 51001

Isolation Transformer KL 58002

Testing PUT with ohmmeter:

The value of VA can be controlled by adjusting VR1.

PUT characteristic measurement

2. Turn VR1 and VR3 fully CCW.

Turn VR1 to the right until LED is ON.

Compare the values of VP and VV in steps 7 and 11.

After Lab Questions:

Power supply unit KL 51001

Isolation Transformer KL 58002

CDS and RTH

The value of VA can be controlled by adjusting VR1.

A. PUT Temperature- Control Circuit

In a programmable Unijunction Transistor (PUJT), the main

Automatic Lamp Dimming Circuits

Maloney, Modern Industrial Electronics Chapter 6-

Power supply unit KL 51001

Isolation Transformer KL 58002

4-Remove all connect plugs and insert connect plugs in positions 1, 4, 6,

5- Remove all connect plugs and insert connect plugs in positions 2, 4, 8,

After Lab Questions:

Power supply unit KL 51001

Isolation Transformer KL 58002

2- Set SW to off position. Insert connect plugs in positions 1, 2, 5, and 7.

4- Using the multimeter, measure and record the voltage at Q1

After Lab Questions:

photocoupler and name some of its industrial

Proportional Temperature Control

Power supply unit KL 51001

Isolation Transformer KL 58002

Description of the Experiment Circuit: