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Analytical Chemistry
By: Isman Kurniawan
Thursday, February 6, 14
Thursday, February 6, 14
Fundamental units of
measure
mass
volume
distance
time
temperature
current
amount of substance
Scientific notation
1 mole contain
602.213.670.000.000.000.000.000 particles
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Scientific notation
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CONCENTRATION
the relative amount of solute per unit
volume or unit mass of solution
amount of solute
concentration =
amount of solution
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CONCENTRATION
Molarity (M)
the number of moles of solute per liter of
solution
moles solute
M=
liters solution
grams solute
1
=
FW
liters solution
FW = formula weight
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CONCENTRATION
Normality (N)
example:
a.
b.
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H2SO4(aq) + NH3(aq)
H2SO4(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
CONCENTRATION
Normality
moles equivalent solute
N=
liters solution
grams solute
1
=
EW
liters solution
FW
EW =
n
N =M n
EW = equivalent weight
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CONCENTRATION
Normality
example-1:
a. H3PO4(aq) + 3OH-(aq)
PO4-(aq) + 3H2O(l)
b. H3PO4(aq) + 2NH3(aq)
HPO42-(aq) + 2NH4+(aq)
c. H3PO4(aq) + F-(aq)
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H2PO4-(aq) + HF(aq)
CONCENTRATION
Molality (m)
the number of moles of solute per
kilogram of solvent
moles solute
m=
kg solvent
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CONCENTRATION
Weight percent (%w/w)
grams of solute per 100 g of solution
g solute
%w/w =
100 g solution
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CONCENTRATION
Volume percent (%v/v)
milliliters of solute per 100 mL of solution
mL solute
%v/v =
100 mL solution
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CONCENTRATION
Weight-to-volume percent (%w/v)
grams of solute per 100 mL of solution
g solute
%w/v =
100 mL solution
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CONCENTRATION
Part per million (ppm)
milligrams of solute per liter of solution
mg solute
ppm =
liters solution
g solute
= 6
10 mL solution
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CONCENTRATION
Part per billion (ppb)
micrograms of solute per liter of solution
g solute
ppb =
liters solution
g solute
= 9
10 mL solution
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CONCENTRATION
Converting between concentration units
example-2:
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CONCENTRATION
Converting between concentration units
example-3:
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CONCENTRATION
p-Functions
a function of the form pX
pX =
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log(X)
CONCENTRATION
p-Functions
convenient to express small changes of
concentration
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CONCENTRATION
p-Function
example-4
example-5
What is the
pH of 5.16?
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+
[H ]
STOICHIOMETRIC
example-6
The amount of oxalic acid in a sample of rhubarb was
determined by reacting with Fe3+ as following reaction:
2Fe3+(aq) + H2C2O4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
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STOICHIOMETRIC
example-7
One quantitative analytical method for tetraethylthiuram
disulfide, C10H20N2S4 (antabuse), requires oxidizing the
sulfur to SO2, and bubbling the resulting SO2 through
H2O2 to produce H2SO4. The H2SO4 is then reacted
with NaOH according to the reaction:
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq)
Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
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PREPARING
SOLUTIONS
Stock solutions
example-8:
Describe how you would prepare the
following three solutions: (a) 500 mL of
approximately 0.20 M NaOH using solid
NaOH; (b) 2 L of 4% v/v acetic acid using
concentrated glacial acetic acid.
PREPARING
SOLUTIONS
Dilution
the process of preparing a less
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PREPARING
SOLUTIONS
Dilution
example-9:
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Thursday, February 6, 14
PREPARING
SOLUTIONS
Dilution
example-10:
A sample of an ore was analyzed for Cu2+ as follows.
A 1.25 g sample of the ore was dissolved in acid and
diluted to volume in a 250 mL volumetric flask. A 20
mL portion of the resulting solution was transferred
by pipet to a 50 mL volumetric flask and diluted to
volume. An analysis showed that the concentration
of Cu2+ in the final solution was 4.62 ppm. What is
the weight percent of Cu in the original one?
[0.231%]
The End
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