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1991 .( 82 :
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)(Lang
:
"Lang maps these two theoretical
orientations in a two-by-two matrix,
with two components dealing with
their
operation
and
content.
Procedural issues are concerned with
praxis and process, and deal with
creativity,
analysis,
synthesis,
evaluation, and search. Substantive
issues
are
concerned
with
phenomena, environmental qualities
and functions, esthetics, behavior,
and the determination of the
emphasis on these.(Johnson, 1994, P:
19).
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28 2010 7
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"The word 'theory' comes from the
Latin theoria, in turn adopted the
Greek theoros,
which
means
'spectator, envoy'. Its base, theasthai,
means to 'look upon, contemplate',
while the English meaning of it is as
a conception or mental scheme of
something to be done, or of the
method of doing it, and a systematic
statement of rules or principles to be
)followed. "(Johnson, 1994, P: 31
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249
28 2010 7
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individual), the it (the outside of
the individual), the we (the inside
of the collective), and the its (the
outside of the collective).
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( ITS ) ( I
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;"A posteriori knowledge is empirical
it is based on how things are or were,
and in architecture this knowledge is
gained from experience . Because
a priori knowledge by definition dose
not require reference to experience
for its understanding". (Johnson,
1994, P: 1).
"
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28 2010 7
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).( Jencks, 1981, P: 71
"
" ) 1987 .(41 :
:
"Architecture theory inhabits this
internal world constituted by our
assumptions,
concepts,
ideas,
attitudes, intentions, history, and
creation. It is a world that in many
respects appears dualist in the
mind/body connections it make, but
is monist because it is knowable only
by our constructs of it and from our
'experience' of it. Unlike materialist
or positivist philosophers who deny
the
metaphysical,
architecture
theorists tent to embrace the
metaphysical in their explanations of
creativity". (Johnson, 1994, P: 5).
.
-12
1-12 :
Architectural
Definition Plan
:
: )
.(Architecture Formalism
: )
Meta- Architecture
.(Formalism
253
28 2010 7
. ).(14
2-12 :
Criticism
Limit and Evaluation Limit
. ).( 15
1-2-12 Criticism Limit
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.(2 :
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2-2-12 Evaluation
Limit
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(
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"Theory can change practice by
legitimizing usages condemned by
previous theories".(Johnson, 1994, P:
34).
.
).(18) (17
3-12 :
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Directional of Ego Subject
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) -
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)(Internal World
) (External World
):(Johnson
'"One is external world, 'out there
the world of thing-object, assumed
as given and potentially knowable.
The other is the hypothetical or
internal world of our thoughts,
imaginings, and interpretations, the
world of psychology". (Johnson,
1994, p: 4).
(...
.
254
28 2010 7
:
1-1-3-12 :
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1997 .(63- 62 :
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(694 :
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4-12
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.(124 : ).(23
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255
28 2010 7
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htt://lexicons.ajeeb.com/openme
.asp?fileurl=/html/1091093.html
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257
2010 7 28
165
.2004 - 1425
[ 16]
htt://lexicons.ajeeb.com/openme.a
sp?fileurl=/html/1091093.html
( ''2004) [ 17]
"
.
:
[1] Jencks, Charles, (1981), "Sign,
Symbol and Architecture", "The
Architecture Sign", Brodbent, Bunt,
Jencks, di, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Chechester , NewYork.
[2] Johnson, Paul- Alan, "(1994),
"The
Theory
of
Architecture,
Concept,
Themes & Practices",
Tohn Wiley & Sons, INC, USA.
[3] Introduction to Integral Theory
and
Practice,(2006),http://intergralinstitut
e.org/seminars/i/ISO-Intro.pdf.
[4] Thematic
Theories
of
Architecture,
(2006),http://www.uiah.fi/projects/m
etodi/13k.htm.
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