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Review:
Labor attempts to move beyond regional mutual aid societies (sick
and death benefits), protect trade quality, wages and secrets via
social pressure/boycott -> Larger national formations engaging in
collective bargaining, national political engagement. (Example:
National Trades Union -> Workingmens Party)
Late 1830s-40s see improvements with ten-hour laws >
Management pushed back with legislation.
Feared that newly free slave would come from the South and
create further competition in the labor market.
Riots took place in various cities including Detroit, New York Took
on anti-black tone. Free blacks were unfairly targeted hundreds
of black men and women were killed. Thousands fled the cities.
Some states have laws defining a days work as eight hours; Some
states restrict work to eight hours in specific industries.
Fair Labor Standard Act 40 hour week.
believed labor needed to move beyond just the protection of trade move
toward social reform.
Personally believed in womens suffrage.
Died in 1869. Replaced Richard Trevellick.
Molly Maguires
Series of strike
Molly Maguires
Murder and Sabotage was prevalent in and around the mines. Many of
the stemmed from the animosity between anti-draft Irishmen and Prounion (civil war) management. Others were in response to abusive
management or targeting labor leaders.
The Mollies were based more on lore brought over from Ireland.
Gowan attempted to connect the WBA with the Molly Maguires in hopes
of crushing the growing labor movement.
Molly Maguires
Employers provoke a strike in December 1874. Pay but 1020%. Scab labor brought in. Miners fought back and state
troops were brought in.
7,000 striking workers were out for 7 months.
Starvation forced workers to accept conditions.
Workingmens Benevolent Association was crushed.
Molly Maguires