Baloncesto

Baloncesto

Indiana University vs. University of Illinois (1977).

Autoridad deportiva

FIBA

Otros nombres

Basketball
Basquetbol
Bsquetbol
Bsquet

Primer partido

1891, Springfield,
Massachusetts

Caractersticas

Contacto

Deporte de contacto fsico

Miembros por equipo

5 por equipo en la cancha

(12 a 15 por equipo,

intercambiables)

Categora

Al aire libre o
en espacios cerrados

Pelota

Con forma esfrica

Lugar del encuentro

Cancha Internacional:
Rectangular, 28 x 15 metros
(aprox. 92 x 49 pies n n m)
Cancha NBA:
Rectangular, 29 x 15 metros
(aprox. 94 x 50 pies)

Duracin del encuentro

Internacional y WNBA:
4 cuartos de 10 mins.
NBA:
4 cuartos de 12 mins.
NCAA:
2 perodos de 20 mins.

Formato del puntaje

Tiro libre: 1 punto.

Tiro de campo: 2 puntos.
Tiro triple: 3 puntos.

Meta

Aro de 45,7 cm. de dimetro,

ubicado a 3,05 metros de altura

Olmpico
[editar datos en Wikidata]

S, desde 1936.

El baloncesto, basquetbol o bsquetbol (del ingls basketball; de basket, 'canasta',

y ball, 'pelota'),Nota 1 o simplementebsquet,1 es un deporte de equipo que se puede
desarrollar tanto en pista cubierta como en descubierta, en el que dos conjuntos de cinco
jugadores cada uno, intentan anotar puntos, tambin llamados canastas o dobles y/o
triples introduciendo un baln en un aro colocado a 3,05 metros del suelo del que cuelga
una red, lo que le da un aspecto de cesta o canasta.
Las federaciones nacionales de los pases hispanohablantes
del Caribe y Centroamrica, Mxico, Colombia, Venezuela,Per, Espaa y Guinea
Ecuatorial, lo denominan baloncesto. Las federaciones nacionales de los dems
pasessudamericanos de habla hispana lo denominan bsquetbol.2 La Asociacin
panamericana (FIBA) utiliza en espaol la denominacin baloncesto, mientras que la
Asociacin sudamericana (ABASU) utiliza la denominacin bsquetbol. Tambin es
llamado basquetbol Nota 1 o bsquet, sobre todo en la Argentina y Per, por la
castellanizacin de su nombre original eningls: basketball.3
Fue inventado por James Naismith, un profesor canadiense de educacin fsica, en
diciembre de 1891 en la YMCA deSpringfield, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos. Se juega
con dos equipos de cinco personas, durante 4 perodos o cuartos de 10 (FIBA)4 o 12
(NBA) minutos cada uno. Al finalizar el segundo cuarto, se realiza un descanso,
normalmente de 15 a 20minutos segn la reglamentacin propia del campeonato al cual el
partido pertenezca.
Tambin existe una modalidad, fundamentalmente para discapacitados, en la que se juega
en silla de ruedas (baloncesto en silla de ruedas), prcticamente con las mismas normas
que el baloncesto habitual.
ndice
[ocultar]

1 Historia del baloncesto

o

1.1 Principales reglas del baloncesto

2 Posiciones de un equipo de baloncesto

3 Cmo se juega

4 Reglas internacionales del baloncesto

4.1 Arbitraje

4.2 Violaciones

4.3 Faltas

5 Medidas del campo de juego, la canasta y la pelota

o

5.1 La cancha

5.2 El baln

5.3 La canasta

6 Equipamiento

7 Puntuacin

8 Fundamentos tcnicos
o

8.1 Pase

8.2 Tiro a canasta

8.3 Bote o Drible

8.4 Defensa

9 Competiciones internacionales

10 FIBA

11 Variaciones del baloncesto

12 Vase tambin

13 Notas

14 Referencias

15 Enlaces externos

Historia del baloncesto

El baloncesto naci como una respuesta a la necesidad de realizar alguna actividad
deportiva durante el invierno, en la escuela de YMCA en Massachusetts. Al profesor de
la Universidad de Illinois (Massachusetts) James Naismith, (un profesor de educacin
fsica) le fue encargada la misin, en 1891, de idear un deporte que se pudiera jugar bajo
techo, pues los inviernos en esa zona dificultaban la realizacin de alguna actividad al aire
libre.
Naismith analiz las actividades deportivas que se practicaban en la poca, cuya
caracterstica predominante era la fuerza o el contacto fsico, y pens en algo
suficientemente activo, que requiriese ms destreza que fuerza y que no tuviese mucho
contacto fsico. El canadiense record un antiguo juego de su infancia denominado "duck
on a rock" (El pato sobre una roca), que consista en intentar alcanzar un objeto colocado
sobre una roca lanzndole una piedra. Naismith pidi al encargado del colegio unas cajas
de 50 cm. de longitud pero lo nico que le consigui fueron unas canastas de
melocotones, que mand a colgar en las barandillas de la galera superior que rodeaba el
gimnasio, a una altura determinada.

Principales reglas del baloncesto

James Naismith dise un conjunto de trece reglas para el incipiente deporte. Estas eran:
1. El baln puede ser lanzado en cualquier direccin con
una o ambas manos.
2. El baln puede ser golpeado en cualquier direccin
con una o ambas manos, pero nunca con el puo.
3. Un jugador no puede correr con el baln. El jugador
debe lanzarlo desde el lugar donde lo toma.
4. El baln debe ser sujetado con o entre las manos. Los
brazos o el cuerpo no pueden usarse para sujetarlo.
5. Faltas: no se permite cargar con el hombro, agarrar,
empujar, golpear o zancadillear a un oponente.
6. Si un equipo hace tres faltas consecutivas (sin que el
oponente haya hecho ninguna en ese intervalo), se
contar un punto para sus contrarios.
7. Los puntos se conseguirn cuando el baln es
lanzado o golpeado desde la pista, cae dentro de la
canasta y se queda all. Si el baln se queda en el
borde y un contrario mueve la cesta, contar como un
punto.
8. Cuando el baln sale fuera de banda, ser lanzado
dentro del campo y jugado por la primera persona en
tocarlo.
9. El rbitro auxiliar, "umpire", sancionar a los jugadores
y anotar las faltas, avisar adems al "referee"
(rbitro principal, vase el siguiente punto) cuando un
equipo cometa tres faltas consecutivas.
10. El rbitro principal, "referee", jugar el baln y decide
cuando est en juego, dentro del campo o fuera, a
quin pertenece, y llevar el tiempo. Decidir cuando

se consigue un punto, llevar el marcador y cualquier

otra tarea propia de un rbitro.
11. El tiempo ser de dos mitades de 15 minutos con un
descanso de 5 minutos entre ambas.
12. El equipo que consiga ms puntos ser el vencedor.
El baloncesto femenino comenz en 1892, en el Smith College, cuando Senda Berenson,
una profesora de educacin fsica, modific las reglas de Naismith para adaptarlas a las
necesidades de las mujeres.
Como Naismith tena 18 alumnos, decidi que los equipos estuviesen formados por 9
jugadores cada uno. Con el paso del tiempo, este nmero se redujo primero a 7, y luego al
actual de 5 jugadores.
El tablero surgi para evitar que los seguidores situados en la galera donde colgaban las
cestas, pudieran entorpecer la entrada del baln. Con el paso del tiempo las cestas
demelocotones se convirtieron en aros metlicos con una red sin agujeros hasta
evolucionar a la malla actual.
El baloncesto fue un deporte de exhibicin en los Juegos Olmpicos de 1928 y Juegos
Olmpicos de 1932, alcanzando la categora olmpica en los Juegos Olmpicos de 1936.
Aqu Naismith tuvo la oportunidad de ver como su creacin era convertida en categora
olmpica, cuando fue acompaado por Adolf Hitler en el palco de honor, en Alemania. El
baloncesto femenino debi esperar hasta 1976 para su admisin como deporte olmpico.
El juego gust y se estableci pronto en Estados Unidos. Mxico, fue donde primero se
introdujo por motivos geogrficos. A Europa, lleg de la mano de las sedes
de YMCA aPars, Francia. Pero no fue hasta la primera guerra mundial que cogi gran
impulso, sobre todo gracias a los soldados estadounidenses que jugaban en sus ratos
libres.
El baloncesto en la actualidad cuenta con una gran difusin en diferentes pases de todo el
mundo, siendo uno de los deportes con ms participantes y competiciones regulares en
distintas zonas y pases del mundo. En Estados Unidos, se disputa la NBA, considerada la
competicin ms prestigiosa en el mundo del baloncesto de clubes.
La lnea de tres puntos (triple), se prob en Estados Unidos en 1933. Sin embargo, no
sera adoptada por la ABA hasta el ao 1968, llegando a la NBA en la temporada 1979-80.
En el baloncesto FIBA habra que esperar hasta 1984 para que formara parte de su
reglamento.

Posiciones de un equipo de baloncesto

Partido de baloncesto en Instituto Tecnolgico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus

Ciudad de Mxico.

Dentro del juego de baloncesto, se poseen las siguientes posiciones para situar a los
jugadores:

"Base": Tambin llamado "playmaker" (Creador de juego,

literalmente). Normalmente el jugador ms bajo del
equipo. En ataque sube la pelota hasta el campo contrario
y dirige el juego de ataque de su equipo, mandando el
sistema de juego. Sus caractersticas recomendables son
un buen manejo de baln, visin de juego, capacidad de
dar buenos pases, buena velocidad y un acertado tiro
exterior. En los bases son apreciadas las asistencias
como los puntos conseguidos, aunque un buen jugador
debe conseguir ambas cosas. En defensa han de dificultar
la subida del baln del base contrario, tapar las lneas de
pase y estar atento a recoger los rebotes largos.
Normalmente estos jugadores no son de una elevada
estatura, pues lo realmente importante es la capacidad
organizativa y de direccin de juego. Conocidos
como 1 en la terminologa empleada por los entrenadores.

"Escolta": Jugador normalmente ms bajo, rpido y gil

que el resto, exceptuando a veces el base. Debe aportar
puntos al equipo, con un buen tiro incluyendo el tiro de
tres puntos, un buen dominio del baln y una gran
capacidad de entrar a canasta. Conocidos como 2 en la
terminologa empleada por los entrenadores.

"Alero": Es generalmente una altura intermedia entre los

jugadores interiores y los exteriores. Su juego est
equilibrado entre la fuerza y el tiro. Es un puesto
importante, por su capacidad de combinar altura con
velocidad. En ataque debe ser buen tirador de tres puntos
y saber culminar una entrada hasta debajo del tablero
contrario, son piezas bsicas en lanzar el contraataque y
suelen culminar la mayora de ellos. Conocidos como 3 en
la terminologa empleada por los entrenadores.

"Ala-Pvot": Es un rol ms fsico que el del alero, en

muchos casos con un juego muy similar al pvot. Mantiene
la mayora de los puntos en el poste bajo, aunque algunos

pueden llegar a convertirse en tiradores muy efectivos.

Sirven de ayuda al pvot para impedir el juego interior del
equipo contrario, y cierran el rebote. Conocidos como 4 en
la terminologa empleada por los entrenadores.

"Pvot": Suelen ser los jugadores de mayor altura del

equipo, y los ms fuertes muscularmente. Normalmente,
el pvot debe usar su altura y su potencia jugando cerca
del aro. Un pvot que conjunte fuerza con agilidad es una
pieza fundamental para su equipo. Son los jugadores que
ms sorprenden a los aficionados noveles, por su gran
altura. En Europa el pvot medio ha evolucionado ms y
es capaz de abrirse hacia afuera para tirar. En defensa
buscan recoger el rebote corto, impedir el juego interior
del equipo contrario y taponar las entradas de jugadores
exteriores. Conocidos como 5 en la terminologa
empleada por los entrenadores.

Cmo se juega

Una canasta clsica de baloncesto.

Duracin de un partido: En la FIBA, segn su

reglamento el partido est compuesto por cuatro perodos
de 10 minutos cada uno. En la NBA la duracin de cada
perodo es de 12 minutos, y en NCAA se juegan dos
perodos de 20 minutos cada uno. Si el partido finaliza con
empate entre los dos equipos, deber jugarse una
prrroga de 5 minutos ms. Y as sucesivamente hasta
que un equipo gane el partido.

Jugadores: El equipo presentado al partido est formado

por 12 jugadores como mximo. 5 formarn el quinteto
inicial y los otros 7 sern los suplentes. El entrenador
podr cambiar a los jugadores tantas veces como desee
aprovechando interrupciones en el juego, salvo en las
categoras escolares hasta infantiles (edad de 13 a 14
aos) que todos los jugadores del equipo deben jugar
como mnimo un periodo durante los tres primeros,
pudiendo en el ltimo hacer sustituciones.

Inicio del partido: Debe colocarse un jugador de cada

equipo dentro del crculo central con un pie cerca de la
lnea que divide el terreno de juego en dos mitades,
situado cada uno de ellos en su campo. Los dems
jugadores deben estar fuera del crculo. El rbitro lanza la
pelota hacia arriba desde el centro del crculo y los dos
jugadores saltan verticalmente para intentar desviarla, sin
cogerla, hacia algn compaero de su equipo.

rbitros: Para la mayora de competiciones suelen ser

dos rbitros los encargados de dirigir el encuentro
(aunque para muchas ligas profesionales existan tres y
para otras con muy bajo presupuesto uno).

Mesa de anotadores: La mesa de anotadores (anotador,

ayudante de anotador, cronometrador, operador de la
regla de 24 s y, si lo hubiera, comisario) controla todas las
incidencias del partido (tanteo, tiempos muertos, tiempo
de juego, faltas, cambios, etc.) y elabora el acta del
partido.

Reglas internacionales del baloncesto

Existen desacuerdos sobre la exactitud de la informacin en este artculo o seccin.
En la pgina de discusin puedes consultar el debate al respecto.

Fin del tiempo reglamentario marcado en el cronmetro y con la luz roja del tablero.

Las reglas internacionales de baloncesto son elaboradas por el comit central de FIBA5 6 y
son revisadas cada cuatro aos. Son de aplicacin en todas las competiciones de carcter
internacional entre pases y adoptadas por la mayora de federaciones nacionales, incluida
la FEB. En Estados Unidos la NBA hace uso de un reglamento diferente al establecido
por FIBA. Actualmente se est llevando a cabo un proceso gradual de acercamiento entre
estas dos grandes corrientes de reglas del baloncesto.7 En 1971 las reglas del baloncesto
femenino se modificaron y se hicieron ms parecidas a la de los partidos masculinos.

Arbitraje

Tro arbitral de baloncesto debatiendo una accin.

Un partido debe ser dirigido por tres rbitros, uno principal y dos auxiliares. Estos sern
asistidos desde la mesa de anotadores, cronometradores y un comisario tcnico. Los
rbitros y sus ayudantes dirigirn el juego de acuerdo con las reglas e interpretaciones
oficiales. El rbitro principal decidir en cualquier situacin de discrepancia entre rbitros
auxiliares, mesa de anotadores, dudas de validez en las canastas, dar su aprobacin al
acta, es el responsable de verificar, inspeccionar y aprobar todos los elementos tcnicos y
podr tomar decisiones sobre situaciones no reglamentadas ni regladas. Los rbitros se
pueden comunicar con la mesa de anotadores y con el resto de rbitros mediante la
gesticulacin, sealizando las incidencias con una serie de seales preestablecidas.

Violaciones
Una violacin es una infraccin de las reglas de juego, penalizada con un saque de fondo
o banda para el equipo contrario desde el punto ms cercano al de la infraccin.
Violaciones ms comunes:
Pasos (Art.25)

El avance ilegal (pasos) es un desplazamiento ilegal

de un jugador con control de baln (el baln reposa
sobre una o ambas manos del jugador). Se produce
avance ilegal cuando, una vez establecido el pie de
pivote, el jugador:
Lo levanta para iniciar un regate. Denominados
comnmente pasos de salida o arrancada. (No
sancionables en baloncesto NBA).
Estando con ambos pies (incluido el de pivote) en
contacto con el suelo, salta y, antes de realizar un
pase o tiro a canasta, vuelve a tocar con un pie en el
suelo.
Estando en movimiento, y saltando sobre el pie de
pivote, da dos apoyos ms, independientemente del
orden de los pies.
Desliza voluntaria o involuntariamente el pie de pivote
por el suelo creando una ventaja, el gesto de pivotar
no se considera deslizar.
Es legal que un jugador caiga al suelo y resbale
mientras sostiene el baln, o que obtenga el control
del baln mientras est tumbado o sentado en el
suelo.
Es una violacin si, despus, el jugador rueda o
intenta levantarse mientras sostiene el baln.
Dobles (Art.24)
Los dobles es una falta por acompaar el baln al
botar.Acostumbra a pasar cuando el jugador hace dos
pasos y bota el baln.
Pie
Un jugador no debe tocar el baln con el pie
intencionadamente. Este acto se considera violacin.
Aunque tambin se considera violacin si es sin
intencin de tocar el baln, y se sanciona de la misma
manera, saque de banda para el equipo contrario del
que ha tocado el baln.
3 segundos en Zona
(Art.26)
No se puede permanecer ms de 3 segundos en el
rea restringida del equipo contrario cuando se est

atacando. En caso de que ests defendiendo se puede

estar en la zona el tiempo que quieras.
Esta es una de las
mayores diferencias
entre el
reglamento FIBA y N
BA. En la liga
norteamericana no
se le permite al
jugador defensivo
permanecer en la
zona pintada, a
menos que est
marcando a un
jugador atacante.
Salvo excepciones:
El jugador intente abandonar la zona restringida.
El jugador est realizando un regate a canasta
transcurridos 3 segundos.
Un jugador de su mismo equipo est en accin de tiro
a canasta.
Saque
de
banda/f
ondo
Se debe sacar antes de 5 segundos con el baln a
disposicin del jugador, pudiendo dar un paso normal
lateral y todos los posibles hacia atrs. Cualquier
infraccin de esta regla es una violacin.
24
seg
und
os
(Art.
29)
Un equipo que obtiene un nuevo control de baln debe
efectuar un lanzamiento a canasta antes de 24
segundos. En caso de que transcurridos 24 segundos
el baln siga en las manos del lanzador o no haya
tocado aro y su posesin no sea clara para el equipo
oponente, se comete una violacin. Los 24 segundos
se reinician cada vez que el baln toca el aro, se
comete una violacin o una falta. En caso de que la
falta en defensa se produzca con menos de 14

segundos de posesin restantes, el dispositivo de 24

se reinicia con 14 segundos.

r
bitr
os
e
ala
nd
o
falt
a
per
so
nal
.

C
a
m
p
o
a
t
r

s
(
A
r
t

.
3
0
)
El baln devuelto a pista trasera (campo atrs) se
produce cuando un equipo tiene control de baln en
pista delantera y uno de sus jugadores es el ltimo en
tocar el baln en pista delantera y despus l o un
compaero es el primero en tocarlo en pista trasera.

F
alt
as
Fal
ta
pe
rs
on
al (
Art
.34
)
Cuando un jugador contacta ilegalmente con un
adversario y le causa una desventaja u obtiene una
ventaja del contacto, se sanciona falta personal. Se
considera contacto ilegal aquel que se produce cuando
uno de los jugadores no respeta el cilindro del otro
jugador y se considera responsable del contacto al
jugador que invade el cilindro del otro o sale del suyo.
Un jugador no agarrar, bloquear, empujar, cargar,
zancadillear ni impedir el avance de un adversario
extendiendo las manos, brazos, codos, hombros,
caderas, piernas, rodillas ni pies; ni doblar su cuerpo
en una posicin anormal (fuera de su cilindro), ni
incurrir en juego brusco o violento. La penalizacin
para una falta personal es un saque para el equipo
contrario desde el punto ms cercano en la lnea de
fondo/lateral, salvo las faltas de equipo que se
expondrn ms adelante. A la quinta falta (6. en
la NBA) el jugador ser eliminado.

rbitro
sealando
una falta en
ataque.

Falta
en
ataque
Se produce cuando un jugador cuyo equipo tiene
control de baln comete una falta personal al empujar
o chocar contra el torso de un jugador que en posicin
legal de defensa (Ambos pies en contacto con el
suelo, encarado al atacante, dentro de su cilindro y
pudindose desplazar lateralmente y hacia atrs, no
hacia delante). Si ese contacto causa una desventaja
al defensor se sanciona falta del equipo con control de
baln (falta en ataque).
Falta
antideport
iva (Art.36)
Una falta antideportiva es una falta de jugador que
implica contacto y que, a juicio del rbitro, no
constituye un esfuerzo legtimo de jugar directamente
el baln dentro del espritu y la intencin de las reglas
o bien, el contacto es de brusquedad excesiva. Se
sanciona con dos tiros libres y posesin para el equipo
contrario.
Falta tcnica
Falta a un jugador o de un miembro del banquillo que
no implica contacto, sino falta de cooperacin o
desobediencia deliberada o reiterada al espritu de las
reglas. La segunda falta tcnica que se le pite a un
mismo jugador contar como descalificante. Una falta

tcnica contar como falta personal, es decir, se

sumar una falta al jugador al que le ha sido pitada la
falta tcnica, as como a las faltas de equipo. Se
sanciona igual que la antideportiva.
Falta
descalificante
Una falta descalificante es cualquier infraccin
antideportiva flagrante de un jugador, sustituto, jugador
excluido, entrenador, ayudante de entrenador o
acompaante de equipo que deber abandonar el
campo y no podr establecer contacto visual con el
mismo durante el resto del partido. 2 faltas
antideportivas constituyen una falta descalificante.
Cabe mencionar que una falta descalificante puede
conllevar tambin uno o varios partidos de suspensin
segn lo decida la organizacin de la competicin.
Despus de una falta tcnica, antideportiva o
descalificante se conceden 2 tiros libres y saque desde
la prolongacin de la lnea central enfrente de la mesa
de anotadores.

Wally Szczerbiak lan

libre.

Tiros libres
Si un equipo comete cinco faltas en un perodo (o 2 en
los dos ltimos minutos de cada cuarto), a partir de
ese momento todas las faltas personales que realice
durante ese perodo sern sancionadas con dos tiros
desde la lnea de tiros libres de su zona (situada a
4,60 mde la canasta). Tambin se efectuarn tiros
libres cuando un jugador recibe una falta mientras se
halla en accin de tiro, determinndose su nmero
segn la zona de puntuacin en la que se encuentre

(de 2 o 3 puntos). Si durante esa accin de tiro con

falta la canasta se consigue, el cesto es vlido y se
concede un tiro adicional. Durante la ejecucin del tiro
libre, el jugador que est tirando no podr pisar la
lnea, esto supondra que aunque entrase la canasta el
tiro no sera vlido, al igual que si uno de sus
compaeros invade la zona antes de que el baln
salga de las manos del lanzador, por otra parte si un
rival entra en la zona antes de que el jugador suelte el
baln el tiro se repetir en caso de que no haya
entrado.

Medidas de
de juego, la c
la pelota

Cancha de juego y s
versiones.

La cancha

Una pista de ba

tiene que ser u

dura, plana, rec

libre de obstc

15 m de ancho
longitud.

El permetro de

debe estar libre

obstculos a do
distancia.

La altura del pr
obstculo que

verticalmente s

debe de estar c

a 7 m de altura

El campo est

dos mitades igu

separados por

denominada de

campo y con u

parte del centro

el crculo centr

de dimetro. P

equipo, el med

contiene la can

defiende se de

medio campo d

medio campo q

la canasta en la

pretende anota

denomina med
ofensivo.

En los lados m
sitan los aros

3,05 m de altur

introducen 1,20

rectngulo y tie

estar provistos

basculantes ho

Paralela a la ln

encontramos la

tiros libres, que

encuentra a 5,8

lnea de fondo

la canasta. El c

se encuentra la

tiros libres tiene

de 3,6 m. Toda

miden 5 cm. de

La lnea de tres

encuentra situa

(FIBA) y a 7,24
distancia de la

El baln

El baln de balonc
ser, evidentemente
cuero o piel rugosa
sinttico, que facilit
de los jugadores a
manos sudadas (lo
tienen una superfic
puntos). Tradiciona
de color naranja, c
negras, pero hay m
variantes. Las pelo
de indoor (pabelln
de outdoor (exterio
el material del cual
recubiertas.

La pelota clsica.

A partir de la tempo
05 la FIBA ha adop
sus competiciones
con bandas claras
sobre el clsico co
naranja, para mejo
visibilidad de la pel
parte de los jugado
el pblico.

Desde el ao 2007
en Espaa se utiliz
con franjas negras

se discute su durac
resbala en exceso.

El nuevo diseo FIBA

Circunferencia:

Dimetro: 23-2

Peso: 600-800

Se utilizan pelotas
denominaciones di
correspondientes a
tamaos y pesos d
segn las categora
"7", utilizado para b
masculino, el "6" p
baloncesto femenin
para minibasket y p
(nios de 8 a 12 a
generalmente). Ad
estipula que el bal
tener una presin t
soltado desde 1,80
bote entre 1,40 y 1
altura.

La canasta

El poste y la canasta
oficiales.

El tablero de la can
rectngulo de 1.05
al menos 30 mm d
con los bordes infe
acolchados. En la p
inferior, se encuent
rectngulo pintado
0.45 m y que est
tablero por la parte
en el interior del re
encuentra un basc
homologado que s
canasta que mide
canasta se agarra
rectngulo interior
El aro de la canast
un dimetro de 45,
rectngulo interior
para calcular el tiro
chocar con l la pe
introduzca en la ca
est situado a una
3,05 m y est prov
redes homologada

Equipamien

El equipamiento de
de baloncesto se c

Una camiseta s

originalmente d

en la actualidad

sinttico. En su

delantera enco

logotipo del eq

publicidad acor

(aunque en la N
competiciones

la parte trasera

encontramos e

jugador y en oc

primera letra de

cuando hay do
jugadores con

iguales. Debajo

en grande, el n

jugador, que es

importante para

nmero de falta

puntos del juga

las sustitucione

El pantaln pue

o bermudas (au
moda de

llevarlo "pirata"
competiciones

la NBA impone

sobre su longit

encontrar, en p

nmero del jug

extremo derech

pierna. Debe s

mismos colores

camiseta, no p
bolsillos.

Calzado: tienen

bota para sujet

tobillo y proteg

torceduras. Ade

con cmaras d

preservar la pla

Las suelas deb

diseo apropia
frenar rpido.

Calcetines: Ge

cortos y de alg

suelen ser blan

otros calcetines
pueden ser de

para adaptarse

o, en raras oca

dejarse al gust
Segn la FIBA

estar como mn

sobre el calzad

Est prohibido

jugadores lleve

anillos, cadena

cualquier otra j
puede daar a
contrincante.

Puntuacin

Artculo principal: Pun

(baloncesto)

Lanzamiento de 3 pu

1. Los tiros libres

2. Los tiros dentro

dentro de la ln
dos puntos.

3. Los tiros a part

triple (a 6,75 m

aro, o 7,24 en l
puntos.

Si el jugador est t
libre y pisa la lnea
quedar invalidado
que el jugador est
desde la lnea de 3
pisa la lnea de 6,7
(NBA 7,24) el tiro s
como un tiro de ca
puntos). Sin embar
jugador, que se en
de la distancia de t
tiro con un salto sin
lnea, soltando el b
mientras se encuen
aire, y cae encima
sobrepasndola, e
tiro se considerara

La puntuacin se ll
dos sistemas, el pr
planilla donde el an
marca todas las ca
se han convertido
numerado que con
nmeros del tantea
segundo sistema e
electrnico, donde
seala el cronmet

de faltas de cada ju
cada equipo y el cu
est jugando (si el
marcador van en d
lo vlido es lo que
acta; el marcador n
obligatorio y sirve
espectculo as qu
normativas sobre s

Fundament
tcnicos

Algunos movimient
jugador de balonce
denominan como
fundamentales, pu
sobre los que se ba
juego. Segn un co
estricto, los "funda
solamente cuatro:
pase, el tiro y los m
defensivos.

En esta lista no se
otros movimientos
consideran estricta
fundamentales, co
el bloqueo, etc., pe
representan tambi
muy significativos d
deporte.

Pase

El pase es la acci
los jugadores de u
equipo intercambia
existen diferentes t
cuales se encuentr

De pecho: Rea

sacando el bal

altura del pech

receptor a la m

aproximadame

trayectoria cas

Picado o de pi

pase se lanza e
la intencin de

antes de ser re

que sea ms d

ms sencillo re

De bisbol: Se

lanzamiento de

pase largo con

De bolos: Dad

mano, sacando

desde debajo d

simulando un la
de bolos.

Por detrs de

Como su nomb

un pase efectu

detrs de la es

mano contraria

que se encuen
receptor.

Por encima de

Se usa sobre to

pvots y al saca

como su nomb

efecta lanzan
desde encima

fuertemente y c
manos.

Alley-oop: El j
el baln cerca

de la canasta p

compaero ni
acomode.

Con el codo: P

por Jason Willi

jugador golpea

detrs de la es

codo del brazo

la direccin a la
el pase.

Pase de mano

realiza cuando

compaero rec

cerca, de mane

la pelota casi d
pasador. En el
pase, la mano

pelota, le da un

impulso para q
jugador pueda

Tiro a canasta

Un jugador de balonc
un mate.

El tiro o lanzamien
accin por la cual u
intenta introducir e
del aro, los tipos ex

Tiro en suspe

Lanzamiento a
elevarse en el

apoyando el ba

mano mientras

con la otra, fina

lanzamiento co

caracterstico g
mueca.

Tiro libre: Lan

desde la lnea

despus de un

personal o una

Bandeja o dob

Lanzamiento e

una sola mano

haber dado m

pasos despus
botar el baln.

Mate o volcad

bandeja, pero i

el baln en la c
arriba a abajo,
dos manos.

Gancho: Lanza

una nica man

del brazo, mov

ascendente, so

baln con un g

mueca cuand

encuentra por e

cabeza, la tray

brazo dibuja un

hombros alinea
aro), es un tiro
distancia.

Bote o Drible

Accin que consist

jugador empuje el
el suelo y este reto
mano, los tipos exi

De control: En

sin presin def

mientras el jug

bote alto y fuer

del jugador.

De proteccin

defensa presio
jugador puede
protegiendo el
cuerpo, dando

para dificultar e
robarlo.

En velocidad:

con espacio po

jugador lanza e

delante para co
velocidad.

Defensa

La defensa en balo
realiza entre la per
ataca y el aro, la po
defensiva consiste
ligeramente las rod
realizar desplazam
laterales intentand
baln o evitando u
pase, tiro o intento
penetracin a la ca
parte de su rival.

En cuanto a los dif

de defensa "colect
puede realizar un e
encontramos:

Defensa individual.

Defensa indiv

tambin conoc

defensa al hom

defensa de asi

Cada jugador m

oponente en co
equipo rival.

Defensa en zo

los jugadores q

no marcan uno

oponentes de m

personal, se de

marcan en zon

a que lleguen l

Como el equipo

jugadores en la

zonas posibles

nombran 2-3, 3

1-1, 2-1-2, 1-2-

la posicin de l

Defensa mixta

combinacin de

tipos de defens
anteriormente.

Presin: Es un

especial que se

cuando el equi

adelanta a sus

campo contrari

dificultar el saq

del baln por p

a su campo (el

atacante slo t

segundos para

campo al del ri

emplear en situ

finales de un cu

partido o cuand

necesario recu

baln. Normalm

aplica a toda o

de la cancha a

equipos que co

presin en la m
campo.

Competicio
internaciona

Las principales com

internacionales de
nacionales son los
Olmpicos y los Ca
Mundiales, que se
bajo los auspicios d
Federacin Interna
Baloncesto (FIBA),
es la responsable d
de juego y de la or
de campeonatos
internacionales.
A nivel regional:

Campeonato F

Amricas, orga

la Confederaci
Panamericana
Baloncesto.

Juegos Panam

el que se enfre

mejores selecc
de Amrica.

Centrobasket,

enfretan las se
nacionales

de Mxico, Am

Central y el Ca

Campeonato S

de Baloncesto,

enfrentan todas

selecciones de
Sur.

Eurobasket, en

enfrentan las 1

selecciones de

FIBA

Artculo principal: Fed

Internacional de Ba

La Federacin Int
de Baloncesto se
en 1932 por ocho p
fundadores: Argent
Checoslovaquia, G
Lituania, Portugal,
Suiza. En aquella
FIBA se ocupaba d
aficionados. En sus
francs, la "A" quie
"amateur", aficiona

Los primeros Camp

Mundo masculinos
celebraron
en 1950 en Argent
aos ms tarde, lo
Campeonatos del M
femeninos se celeb
en Chile.

El baloncesto se in
primera vez en los
Olmpicos en 1936
celebr un torneo d
demostracin ya e
competicin ha sid
histricamente dom
los Estados Unidos
equipo ha ganado
ttulos excepto en c
ocasiones. La prim
un equipo de Estad
fue derrotado en u
en la polmica fina
los Juegos Olmpic
Mnich 1972 contr
Sovitica, que se p
campeona.

El baloncesto feme
aadi a los Juego
en 1976, con equip
Brasil y Australia ri
el equipo estadoun

La FIBA elimin la
diferenciacin entre
aficionados (amate
profesionales en 1
1992, jugadores pr
jugaron en los Jue
Olmpicos por prim
dominio histrico d
Unidos reverdeci
"Dream Team". Sin
otros pases han d
niveles similares al
Estados Unidos. E
estadounidense co
ntegramente por ju
la NBA acab sexto
Campeonatos Mun
2002 en Indianpo
de Yugoslavia, Arg
Alemania, Nueva Z
Espaa. En los Jue
Olmpicos de 2004
fue Argentina y seg
quedando los Esta
en tercer lugar. Tam
Campeonatos Mun
Japn 2006, Espa
como campeona y
subcampeona, que
los EE. UU. en terc

Las principales com

de baloncesto en s
para selecciones n
son los Juegos Par
los Campeonatos M
que se celebran ba
auspicios de la Fed
Internacional de Ba
Silla de Ruedas (IW
tambin es la respo
las reglas de juego
organizacin de ca
continentales.

Variaciones
baloncesto

Artculo principal: Var

baloncesto

Son los juegos o a

basadas en el jueg

baloncesto, en las
jugador utiliza habi
bsicas del balonc
no son ms que va
mientras que otras
deportes distintos.
variaciones incluye
de nios, ejercicios
jugador mejore alg
habilidades, las qu
no tener un compo
competitividad. La
jugadas sin rbitros
sujecin fuerte a la

Una de las variacio

cobrando mayor po
el streetball de Est
El equipo ms pop
competencia es AN
jugadores como "H
"Helicopter" (o Heli
Entre las variacion
se puede enviar el
encima de los hom
pueden usar los pi
fuera ftbol. Tambi
moverse rodando e
vez de botarlo. Tam
el clsico "21" que
mismas reglas del
profesional slo qu
que se juega en un
cancha, gana el pr
anota 21 puntos. D
esta modalidad se
reglamentando, for
el Baloncesto 3x3,
ha tomado parte en
eventos y ya esta i
dentro de FIBA.

Vase tamb

Portal:Balo

Contenido rela

con Baloncest

Categora:Liga
de Baloncesto

Categora:Balo
por pas

Categora:Pabe
baloncesto

Notas
1.

Saltar a:a b La R

Espaola seala
"basquetbol" se

Referencias
1.

Volver

arriba balonce

panhispnico de
2.

Volver arriba FI

nombres del dep

federaciones.
3.

Volver arriba b

basquetbol, Dic

panhispnico de
4.

Volver arriba FI

2008 - Beijing).
de Baloncesto

2008 (applicatio

Archivado desde

05 jul 2008 19:53

Consultado el 26

partido se compo

periodos de diez
5.

Volver

arriba fabasque

FIBA 2008. Aplic

de octubre de 20
6.

Volver

arriba fabasque

nes oficiales FIB

7.

Volver arriba Fe

aprueba cambio

reglas. Consult
de 2008.

Enlaces ext

Wikimedia

Commons albe

contenido mult

sobre Balonce

Wikinoticia

noticias relacio

con Baloncest

Wikcionario

definiciones y o
informacin

sobre balonce

Reglamento de

comentado. Es
Tous Fajardo.
Categora:
Baloncesto

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Esta pgina fue m

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a las 08:37.
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Basketball

Wikipedia es una marca registrada de la Fundacin Wiki

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the sport. For the ball used in the sport, see Basketball (ball). For other
uses, see Basketball (disambiguation).

Basketball

Michael Jordan goes for a slam dunk at the oldBoston Garden

Highestgoverning body

FIBA

First played

1891, Springfield,Massachusetts, U.S.

Characteristics
Contact

Yes

Team members

5 per side

Mixed gender

Yes, separate competitions

Type

Team sport, ball sport

Equipment

Basketball

Venue

Indoor court (mainly) or outdoor court

(Streetball)

Presence
Olympic

Demonstrated in the 1904 and 1924

Summer Olympics
Part of the Summer Olympic program
since 1936

Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The
objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet
(3.048 m) high mounted to a backboard at each end. Basketball is one of the world's most
popular and widely viewed sports.[1]
A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play. A
field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind
the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line. A team can also score
via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team was assessed with certain
fouls. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time
(overtime) is issued when the game ends in a draw. The ball can be advanced on the court
by bouncing it while walking or running or throwing it to a team mate. It is a violation to lift
or drag one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both
hands then resume dribbling.
As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball
teams generally have player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player
positioning). Traditionally, the tallest and strongest members of a team are called
a centeror power forward, while slightly shorter and more agile players are called small
forward, and the shortest players or those who possess the best ball handling skills are
called a point guard or shooting guard.
Contents
[hide]

1 History
o

1.1 Creation

1.2 College basketball

1.3 High school basketball

1.4 Professional basketball

1.5 International basketball

1.6 Women's basketball

2 Rules and regulations

o

2.1 Playing regulations

2.2 Equipment

2.3 Violations

2.4 Fouls

3 Common techniques and practices

o

3.1 Positions

3.2 Strategy

3.3 Shooting

3.4 Rebounding

3.5 Passing

3.6 Dribbling

3.7 Blocking

4 Height

5 Variations and similar games

6 Social forms of basketball

7 Fantasy basketball

8 See also

9 References

10 Further reading

11 External links

History
Main article: History of basketball

Creation

The first basketball court:Springfield College

In early December 1891, Canadian Dr. James Naismith,[2] a physical education professor
and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training
School[3] (YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts was trying to
keep his gym class active on a rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his
students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters.
After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he
wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated track. In

contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had
to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient,
however, so the bottom of the basket was removed,[4] allowing the balls to be poked out with
a long dowel each time.
Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. The first balls made specifically for
basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s thatTony Hinkle, searching for a
ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball
that is now in common use. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the
"bounce pass" to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement.
Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls.
Dribbling only became a major part of the game around the 1950s, as manufacturing
improved the ball shape.
The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops
with backboards. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through.
Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point. Whichever team
got the most points won the game.[5] The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine
balcony of the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators on the balcony
began to interfere with shots. The backboard was introduced to prevent this interference; it
had the additional effect of allowing rebound shots.[6] Naismith's handwritten diaries,
discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new
game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a children's game called " Duck on a
Rock", as many had failed before it. Naismith called the new game "Basket Ball". [7] The first
official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York, on January 20,
1892, with nine players. The game ended at 10; the shot was made from 25 feet (7.6 m),
on a court just half the size of a present-day Streetball or National Basketball
Association(NBA) court. By 18971898 teams of five became standard.

College basketball
See also: College basketball

The 1899 University of Kansas basketball team, with James Naismith at the back, right.

Basketball's early adherents were dispatched to YMCAs throughout the United States, and
it quickly spread through the USA and Canada. By 1895, it was well established at several
women's high schools. While the YMCA was responsible for initially developing and
spreading the game, within a decade it discouraged the new sport, as rough play and
rowdy crowds began to detract from the YMCA's primary mission. However, other amateur
sports clubs, colleges, and professional clubs quickly filled the void. In the years
before World War I, theAmateur Athletic Union and the Intercollegiate Athletic Association
of the United States (forerunner of the NCAA) vied for control over the rules for the game.
The first pro league, the National Basketball League, was formed in 1898 to protect players
from exploitation and to promote a less rough game. This league only lasted five years.
Dr. James Naismith was instrumental in establishing college basketball. His colleague C.O.
Beamis fielded the first college basketball team just a year after the Springfield YMCA
game at the suburban Pittsburgh Geneva College.[8] Naismith himself later coached at
theUniversity of Kansas for six years, before handing the reins to renowned coach Forrest

"Phog" Allen. Naismith's disciple Amos Alonzo Stagg brought basketball to the University of
Chicago, while Adolph Rupp, a student of Naismith's at Kansas, enjoyed great success as
coach at the University of Kentucky. On February 9, 1895, the first intercollegiate 5-on-5
game was played at Hamline University between Hamline and the School of Agriculture,
which was affiliated with the University of Minnesota.[9][10] The School of Agriculture won in a
93 game.
In 1901, colleges, including the University of Chicago, Columbia University, Dartmouth
College, the University of Minnesota, the U.S. Naval Academy, the University of
Coloradoand Yale University began sponsoring men's games. In 1905, frequent injuries on
the football field prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to suggest that colleges form a
governing body, resulting in the creation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the
United States (IAAUS). In 1910, that body would change its name to the National Collegiate
Athletic Association (NCAA). The first Canadian interuniversity basketball game was played
at the YMCA in Kingston, Ontario on February 6, 1904, when McGill
University visited Queen's University. McGill won 97 in overtime; the score was 77 at the
end of regulation play, and a ten-minute overtime period settled the outcome. A good
turnout of spectators watched the game.[11]
The first men's national championship tournament, the National Association of
Intercollegiate Basketball tournament, which still exists as the National Association of
Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) tournament, was organized in 1937. The first national
championship for NCAA teams, the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in New York, was
organized in 1938; the NCAA national tournament would begin one year later. College
basketball was rocked by gambling scandals from 1948 to 1951, when dozens of players
from top teams were implicated in match fixing and point shaving. Partially spurred by an
association with cheating, the NIT lost support to the NCAA tournament.

High school basketball

The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States
and do not represent a worldwide viewof the subject. Please improve this
article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (August 2012)
A basketball game between the Heart Mountainand Powell High School girls teams, Wyoming, March
1944

See also: List of U.S. high school basketball national player of the year awards
Before widespread school district consolidation, most American high schools were far
smaller than their present-day counterparts. During the first decades of the 20th century,
basketball quickly became the ideal interscholastic sport due to its modest equipment and
personnel requirements. In the days before widespread television coverage of professional
and college sports, the popularity of high school basketball was unrivaled in many parts of
America. Perhaps the most legendary of high school teams was Indiana's Franklin Wonder
Five, which took the nation by storm during the 1920s, dominating Indiana basketball and
earning national recognition.
Today virtually every high school in the United States fields a basketball team
in varsity competition.[12] Basketball's popularity remains high, both in rural areas where they
carry the identification of the entire community, as well as at some larger schools known for
their basketball teams where many players go on to participate at higher levels of
competition after graduation. In the 200304 season, 1,002,797 boys and girls represented
their schools in interscholastic basketball competition, according to the National Federation
of State High School Associations. The states ofIllinois, Indiana and Kentucky are
particularly well known for their residents' devotion to high school basketball, commonly
called Hoosier Hysteriain Indiana; the critically acclaimed film Hoosiers shows high school
basketball's depth of meaning to these communities.
There is currently no national tournament to determine a national high school champion.
The most serious effort was the National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament at

the University of Chicago from 1917 to 1930. The event was organized by Amos Alonzo
Stagg and sent invitations to state champion teams. The tournament started out as a
mostly Midwest affair but grew. In 1929 it had 29 state champions. Faced with opposition
from the National Federation of State High School Associations and North Central
Association of Colleges and Schools that bore a threat of the schools losing their
accreditation the last tournament was in 1930. The organizations said they were concerned
that the tournament was being used to recruit professional players from the prep ranks.
[13]
The tournament did not invite minority schools or private/parochial schools.
The National Catholic Interscholastic Basketball Tournament ran from 1924 to 1941
at Loyola University.[14] The National Catholic Invitational Basketball Tournament from 1954
to 1978 played at a series of venues, including Catholic
University, Georgetown and George Mason.[15] The National Interscholastic Basketball
Tournament for Black High Schools was held from 1929 to 1942 at Hampton Institute.
[16]
The National Invitational Interscholastic Basketball Tournament was held from 1941 to
1967 starting out atTuskegee Institute. Following a pause during World War II it resumed
at Tennessee State College in Nashville. The basis for the champion dwindled after 1954
when Brown v. Board of Education began an integration of schools. The last tournaments
were held at Alabama State College from 1964 to 1967.[17]

Professional basketball

Ad from The Liberatormagazine promoting an exhibition in Harlem, March 1922. Drawing by Hugo
Gellert.

Teams abounded throughout the 1920s. There were hundreds of men's professional
basketball teams in towns and cities all over the United States, and little organization of the
professional game. Players jumped from team to team and teams played in armories and
smoky dance halls. Leagues came and went. Barnstorming squads such as the Original
Celtics and two all-African American teams, the New York Renaissance Five("Rens") and
the (still existing) Harlem Globetrotters played up to two hundred games a year on their
national tours.
In 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed. The first game was
played in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between the Toronto Huskies and New York
Knickerbockers on November 1, 1946. Three seasons later, in 1949, the BAA merged with
the National Basketball Leagueto form the National Basketball Association (NBA). By the
1950s, basketball had become a major college sport, thus paving the way for a growth of
interest in professional basketball. In 1959, a basketball hall of fame was founded
in Springfield, Massachusetts, site of the first game. Its rosters include the names of great
players, coaches, referees and people who have contributed significantly to the
development of the game. The hall of fame has people who have accomplished many
goals in their career in basketball. An upstart organization, the American Basketball
Association, emerged in 1967 and briefly threatened the NBA's dominance until the ABANBA merger in 1976. Today the NBA is the top professional basketball league in the world
in terms of popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition.

The NBA has featured many famous players, including George Mikan, the first dominating
"big man"; ball-handling wizard Bob Cousy and defensive genius Bill Russell of the Boston
Celtics; Wilt Chamberlain, who originally played for the barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters;
all-around stars Oscar Robertson and Jerry West; more recent big men Kareem AbdulJabbar, Shaquille O'Neal and Karl Malone; playmaker John Stockton; crowd-pleasing
forward Julius Erving; European stars Dirk Nowitzki and Draen Petrovi; more recent
stars LeBron James, Kevin Durant, & Kobe Bryant and the three players who many credit
with ushering the professional game to its highest level of popularity: Larry Bird, Earvin
"Magic" Johnson, and Michael Jordan. In 2001, the NBA formed a developmental league,
the NBDL. As of 2014, the league has 18 teams.

International basketball

USA vs Mexico at the 2014 FIBA World Cup

The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight founding nations:
Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland. At
this time, the organization only oversaw amateur players. Its acronym, derived from the
FrenchFdration Internationale de Basketball Amateur, was thus "FIBA". Men's Basketball
was first included at the Berlin 1936 Summer Olympics, although a demonstration
tournament was held in 1904. The United States defeated Canada in the first final, played
outdoors. This competition has usually been dominated by the United States, whose team
has won all but three titles. The first of these came in a controversial final game
in Munich in 1972 against the Soviet Union, in which the ending of the game was replayed
three times until the Soviet Union finally came out on top.[18] In 1950 the first FIBA World
Championship for men was held in Argentina. Three years later, the first FIBA World
Championship for Women was held in Chile. Women's basketball was added to the
Olympics in 1976, which were held inMontreal, Canada with teams such as the Soviet
Union, Brazil and Australia rivaling the American squads.
FIBA dropped the distinction between amateur and professional players in 1989, and in
1992, professional players played for the first time in the Olympic Games. The United
States' dominance continued with the introduction of their Dream Team. However, with
developing programs elsewhere, other national teams started to beat the United States. A
team made entirely of NBA players finished sixth in the 2002 World Championships
in Indianapolis, behind Yugoslavia, Argentina, Germany,New Zealand and Spain. In
the 2004 Athens Olympics, the United States suffered its first Olympic loss while using
professional players, falling to Puerto Rico (in a 19-point loss) and Lithuania in group
games, and being eliminated in the semifinals by Argentina. It eventually won the bronze
medal defeating Lithuania, finishing behind Argentina and Italy. In 2006, in the World
Championship of Japan, the United States advanced to the semifinals but were defeated
by Greece by 10195. In the bronze medal game it beat teamArgentina and finished 3rd
behind Greece and Spain. After the disappointments of 2002 through 2006, the U.S.
regrouped, reestablishing themselves as the dominant international team behind the
"Redeem Team", which won gold at the 2008 Olympics, and the so-called "B-Team", which
won gold at the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey despite featuring no players from
the 2008 squad.
The all-tournament teams at the 2002 and 2006 FIBA World Championships, respectively
held in Indianapolis and Japan, demonstrate the globalization of the game equally

dramatically. Only one member of either team was American, namely Carmelo Anthony in
2006. The 2002 team featured Nowitzki, Ginobili, Yao, Peja Stojakovic of Yugoslavia (now
of Serbia), and Pero Cameron of New Zealand. Ginobili also made the 2006 team; the
other members were Anthony, Gasol, his Spanish teammate Jorge
Garbajosa andTheodoros Papaloukas of Greece. The only players on either team to never
have joined the NBA are Cameron and Papaloukas. The all-tournament team from
the 2010 editionin Turkey featured four NBA playersMVP Kevin Durant of Team USA and
the Oklahoma City Thunder, Linas Kleiza of Lithuania and the Toronto Raptors, Luis
Scola of Argentina and the Houston Rockets, and Hedo Trkolu of Turkey and
the Phoenix Suns. The only non-NBA player was Serbia's Milo Teodosi. The strength of
international Basketball is evident in the fact that Team USA won none of the three world
championships held between 1998 and 2006, with Serbia (then known as Yugoslavia)
winning in 1998 and 2002 and Spain in 2006.
Worldwide, basketball tournaments are held for boys and girls of all age levels. The global
popularity of the sport is reflected in the nationalities represented in the NBA. Players from
all six inhabited continents currently play in the NBA. Top international players began
coming into the NBA in the mid-1990s, including Croatians Draen Petrovi and Toni
Kuko, Serbian Vlade Divac, Lithuanians Arvydas Sabonis and arnas Mariulionis and
German Detlef Schrempf.
In the Philippines, the Philippine Basketball Association's first game was played on April 9,
1975 at the Araneta Coliseum in Cubao, Quezon City. Philippines. It was founded as a
"rebellion" of several teams from the now-defunct Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic
Association, which was tightly controlled by the Basketball Association of the Philippines
(now defunct), the then-FIBA recognized national association. Nine teams from the MICAA
participated in the league's first season that opened on April 9, 1975. The NBL is Australia's
pre-eminent men's professional basketball league. The league commenced in 1979,
playing a winter season (AprilSeptember) and did so until the completion of the 20th
season in 1998. The 199899 season, which commenced only months later, was the first
season after the shift to the current summer season format (OctoberApril). This shift was
an attempt to avoid competing directly against Australia's various football codes. It features
8 teams from around Australia and one in New Zealand. A few players including Luc
Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey and Andrew Bogut made it big
internationally, becoming poster figures for the sport in Australia. The Women's National
Basketball League began in 1981.

Women's basketball
See also: Women's basketball

Women of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City playing a game at
the campus gymnasium

Women's basketball began in 1892 at Smith College when Senda Berenson, a physical
education teacher, modified Naismith's rules for women. Shortly after she was hired at
Smith, she went to Naismith to learn more about the game. [19] Fascinated by the new sport
and the values it could teach, she organized the first womens collegiate basketball game
on March 21, 1893, when her Smith freshmen and sophomores played against one
another.[20] However, the first women's interinstitutional game was played in 1892 between
the University of California and Miss Head's School.[21] Berenson's rules were first published

in 1899, and two years later she became the editor of A. G. Spalding's first Women's
Basketball Guide.[20] Berenson's freshmen played the sophomore class in the first women's
intercollegiate basketball game at Smith College, March 21, 1893.[22] The same year, Mount
Holyoke and Sophie Newcomb College (coached by Clara Gregory Baer) women began
playing basketball. By 1895, the game had spread to colleges across the country,
including Wellesley,Vassar, and Bryn Mawr. The first intercollegiate women's game was on
April 4, 1896. Stanford women played Berkeley, 9-on-9, ending in a 21 Stanford victory.
Women's basketball development was more structured than that for men in the early years.
In 1905, the Executive Committee on Basket Ball Rules (National Women's Basketball
Committee) was created by the American Physical Education Association.[23] These rules
called for six to nine players per team and 11 officials. The International Women's Sports
Federation (1924) included a women's basketball competition. 37 women's high school
varsity basketball or state tournaments were held by 1925. And in 1926, the Amateur
Athletic Union backed the first national women's basketball championship, complete with
men's rules.[23] The Edmonton Grads, a touring Canadian women's team based
in Edmonton, Alberta, operated between 1915 and 1940. The Grads toured all over North
America, and were exceptionally successful. They posted a record of 522 wins and only 20
losses over that span, as they met any team that wanted to challenge them, funding their
tours from gate receipts.[24] The Grads also shone on several exhibition trips to Europe, and
won four consecutive exhibition Olympics tournaments, in 1924, 1928, 1932, and 1936;
however, women's basketball was not an official Olympic sport until 1976. The Grads'
players were unpaid, and had to remain single. The Grads' style focused on team play,
without overly emphasizing skills of individual players. The first women's AAU All-America
team was chosen in 1929.[23] Women's industrial leagues sprang up throughout the United
States, producing famous athletes, including Babe Didrikson of the Golden Cyclones, and
the All American Red Heads Team, which competed against men's teams, using men's
rules. By 1938, the women's national championship changed from a three-court game
to two-court game with six players per team.[23]

Brittney Griner accepting an award.

The NBA-backed Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) began in 1997.

Though it had shaky attendance figures, several marquee players ( Lisa Leslie, Diana
Taurasi, and Candace Parker among others) have helped the league's popularity and level
of competition. Other professional women's basketball leagues in the United States, such
as the American Basketball League (199698), have folded in part because of the
popularity of the WNBA. The WNBA has been looked at by many as a niche league.
However, the league has recently taken steps forward. In June 2007, the WNBA signed a
contract extension with ESPN. The new television deal runs from 2009 to 2016. Along with
this deal, came the first ever rights fees to be paid to a women's professional sports league.
Over the eight years of the contract, "millions and millions of dollars" will be "dispersed to
the league's teams." The WNBA gets more viewers on national television broadcasts
(413,000) than both Major League Soccer (253,000)[25] and the NHL (310,732).[26] In a March
12, 2009 article, NBAcommissioner David Stern said that in the bad economy, "the NBA is

far less profitable than the WNBA. We're losing a lot of money among a large number of
teams. We're budgeting the WNBA to break even this year."[27]

Rules and regulations

End of a match.

Main article: Rules of basketball

Measurements and time limits discussed in this section often vary among tournaments and
organizations; international and NBA rules are used in this section.
The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the
opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own.
An attempt to score in this way is called a shot. A successful shot is worth two points,
or three points if it is taken from beyond the three-point arc 6.75 metres (22 ft 2 in) from the
basket in international games and 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) in NBA games. A one-point
shot can be earned when shooting from the foul line after a foul is made.

Playing regulations
Games are played in four quarters of 10 (FIBA)[28] or 12 minutes (NBA).[29] College games
use two 20-minute halves,[30] while United States high school varsity games use 8 minute
quarters.[31] 15 minutes are allowed for a half-time break under FIBA, NBA, and NCAA
rules[30][32][33] and 10 minutes in United States high schools.[31] Overtime periods are five
minutes in length[30][34][35] except for high school, which is four minutes in length. [31] Teams
exchange baskets for the second half. The time allowed is actual playing time; the clock is
stopped while the play is not active. Therefore, games generally take much longer to
complete than the allotted game time, typically about two hours.
Five players from each team may be on the court at one time. [36][37][38][39] Substitutions are
unlimited but can only be done when play is stopped. Teams also have a coach, who
oversees the development and strategies of the team, and other team personnel such as
assistant coaches, managers, statisticians, doctors and trainers.
For both men's and women's teams, a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and
a jersey with a clearly visible number, unique within the team, printed on both the front and
back. Players wear high-top sneakers that provide extra ankle support. Typically, team
names, players' names and, outside of North America, sponsors are printed on the
uniforms.
A limited number of time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a coach (or sometimes
mandated in the NBA) for a short meeting with the players, are allowed. They generally last
no longer than one minute (100 seconds in the NBA) unless, for televised games, a
commercial break is needed.

The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee (referred to as crew chief in
the NBA), one or two umpires (referred to as referees in the NBA) and the table officials.
For college, the NBA, and many high schools, there are a total of three referees on the
court. The table officials are responsible for keeping track of each teams scoring,
timekeeping, individual and team fouls, player substitutions, team possession arrow, and
the shot clock.

Equipment
Main articles: Basketball (ball), Basketball court and Backboard (basketball)

Traditional eight-panelbasketball

The only essential equipment in a basketball game is the ball and the court: a flat,
rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends. Competitive levels require the use of
more equipment such as clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s), alternating possession
arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems.

An outdoor basketball net.

A regulation basketball court in international games is 91.9 feet long and 49.2 feet wide. In
the NBA and NCAA the court is 94 feet by 50 feet. Most courts have wood flooring, usually
constructed from maple planks running in the same direction as the longer court dimension.
[40]
The name and logo of the home team is usually painted on or around the center circle.
The basket is a steel rim 18 inches diameter with an attached net affixed to a backboard
that measures 6 feet by 3.5 feet and one basket is at each end of the court. The white
outlined box on the backboard is 18 inches high and 2 feet wide. At almost all levels of
competition, the top of the rim is exactly 10 feet above the court and 4 feet inside the
baseline. While variation is possible in the dimensions of the court and backboard, it is
considered important for the basket to be of the correct height a rim that is off by just a
few inches can have an adverse effect on shooting.
The size of the basketball is also regulated. For men, the official ball is 29.5 inches in
circumference (size 7, or a "295 ball") and weighs 22 oz. If women are playing, the official
basketball size is 28.5 inches in circumference (size 6, or a "285 ball") with a weight of 20
oz.

Violations

The ball may be advanced toward the basket by being shot, passed between players,
thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled (bouncing the ball while running).
The ball must stay within the court; the last team to touch the ball before it travels out of
bounds forfeits possession. The ball is out of bounds if it touches a boundary line, or
touches any player or object that is out of bounds.
There are limits placed on the steps a player may take without dribbling, which commonly
results in an infraction known as traveling. Nor may a player stop his dribble and then
resume dribbling. A dribble that touches both hands is considered stopping the dribble,
giving this infraction the name double dribble. Within a dribble, the player cannot carry the
ball by placing his hand on the bottom of the ball; doing so is known as carrying the ball. A
team, once having established ball control in the front half of their court, may not return the
ball to the backcourt and be the first to touch it. A violation of these rules results in loss of
possession.
The ball may not be kicked, nor be struck with the fist. For the offense, a violation of these
rules results in loss of possession; for the defense, most leagues reset the shot clock and
the offensive team is given possession of the ball out of bounds.
There are limits imposed on the time taken before progressing the ball past halfway (8
seconds in FIBA and the NBA; 10 seconds in NCAA men's play and high school for both
sexes), before attempting a shot (24 seconds in FIBA and the NBA, 30 seconds in NCAA
women's and Canadian Interuniversity Sport play for both sexes, and 35 seconds in NCAA
men's play), holding the ball while closely guarded (5 seconds), and remaining in the
restricted area known as the free-throw lane, (or the "key") (3 seconds). These rules are
designed to promote more offense.
Basket interference, or goaltending is a violation charged when a player illegally
interferes with a shot. This violation is incurred when a player touches the ball on its
downward trajectory to the basket, unless it is obvious that the ball has no chance of
entering the basket, if a player touches the ball while it is in the rim, or in the area extended
upwards from the basket, or if a player reaches through the basket to interfere with the
shot. When a defensive player is charged with goaltending, the basket is awarded. If an
offensive player commits the infraction, the basket is cancelled. In either case possession
of the ball is turned over to the defensive team.

Fouls

The referee signals that a foul has been committed.

Main articles: Personal foul (basketball) and Technical foul

An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through certain types physical contact is
illegal and is called a personal foul. These are most commonly committed by defensive
players; however, they can be committed by offensive players as well. Players who are
fouled either receive the ball to pass inbounds again, or receive one or more free throws if
they are fouled in the act of shooting, depending on whether the shot was successful. One

point is awarded for making a free throw, which is attempted from a line 15 feet (4.6 m)
from the basket.
The referee is responsible for judging whether contact is illegal, sometimes resulting in
controversy. The calling of fouls can vary between games, leagues and referees.
There is a second category of fouls called technical fouls, which may be charged for
various rules violations including failure to properly record a player in the scorebook, or for
unsportsmanlike conduct. These infractions result in one or two free throws, which may be
taken by any of the five players on the court at the time. Repeated incidents can result
in disqualification. A blatant foul involving physical contact that is either excessive or
unnecessary is called an intentional foul (flagrant foul in the NBA). In FIBA, a foul resulting
in ejection is called a disqualifying foul, while in leagues other than the NBA, such a foul is
referred to as flagrant.
If a team exceeds a certain limit of team fouls in a given period (quarter or half) four for
NBA and international games the opposing team is awarded one or two free throws on all
subsequent non-shooting fouls for that period, the number depending on the league. In the
US college and high school games, if a team reaches 7 fouls in a half, the opposing team is
awarded one free throw, along with a second shot if the first is made. This is called
shooting "one-and-one". If a team exceeds 10 fouls in the half, the opposing team is
awarded two free throws on all subsequent fouls for the half.
When a team shoots foul shots, the opponents may not interfere with the shooter, nor may
they try to regain possession until the last or potentially last free throw is in the air.
After a team has committed a specified number of fouls, the other team said to be "in the
bonus". On scoreboards, this is usually signified with an indicator light reading "Bonus" or
"Penalty" with an illuminated directional arrow or dot indicating that team is to receive free
throws when fouled by the opposing team. (Some scoreboards also indicate the number of
fouls committed.)
If a team misses the first shot of a two-shot situation, the opposing team must wait for the
completion of the second shot before attempting to reclaim possession of the ball and
continuing play.
If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is unsuccessful, the player is
awarded a number of free throws equal to the value of the attempted shot. A player fouled
while attempting a regular two-point shot, then, receives two shots. A player fouled while
attempting a three-point shot, on the other hand, receives three shots.
If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is successful, typically the player
will be awarded one additional free throw for one point. In combination with a regular shot,
this is called a "three-point play" or "four-point play" (or more colloquially, an "and one")
because of the basket made at the time of the foul (2 or 3 points) and the additional free
throw (1 point).

Common techniques and practices

Positions
Main article: Basketball position

Basketball positions in the offensive zone

Although the rules do not specify any positions whatsoever, they have evolved as part of
basketball. During the early years of basketball's evolution,two guards, two forwards, and
one center were used. In more recent times specific positions evolved, but the current
trend, advocated by many top coaches including Mike Krzyzewski is towards positionless
basketball, where big guys are free to shoot from outside and dribble if their skill allows it.
[41]
Popular descriptions of positions include:
Point guard (often called the "1") : usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the
team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the
right time.
Shooting guard (the "2") : creates a high volume of shots on offense, mainly long-ranged;
and guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense.
Small forward (the "3") : often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket
and dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more
actively.
Power forward (the "4"): plays offensively often with their back to the basket; on defense,
plays under the basket (in a zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in manto-man defense).
Center (the "5"): uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely
(on defense), or to rebound.
The above descriptions are flexible. For most teams today, the shooting guard and small
forward have very similar responsibilities and are often called the wings, as do the power
forward and center, who are often called post players. While most teams describe two
players as guards, two as forwards, and one as a center, on some occasions teams choose
to call them by different designations.

Strategy
Main article: Basketball playbook
There are two main defensive strategies: zone defense and man-to-man defense. In a zone
defense, each player is assigned to guard a specific area of the court. Zone defenses often
allow the defense to double team the ball, a manoeuver known as a trap. In a man-to-man
defense, each defensive player guards a specific opponent.
Offensive plays are more varied, normally involving planned passes and movement by
players without the ball. A quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an
advantageous position is known as a cut. A legal attempt by an offensive player to stop an
opponent from guarding a teammate, by standing in the defender's way such that the
teammate cuts next to him, is a screen or pick. The two plays are combined in the pick and

roll, in which a player sets a pick and then "rolls" away from the pick towards the basket.
Screens and cuts are very important in offensive plays; these allow the quick passes and
teamwork, which can lead to a successful basket. Teams almost always have several
offensive plays planned to ensure their movement is not predictable. On court, the point
guard is usually responsible for indicating which play will occur.

Shooting

Player releases a short jump shot, while her defender is either knocked down, or trying to "take a
charge."

Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket,
methods varying with players and situations.
Typically, a player faces the basket with both feet facing the basket. A player will rest the
ball on the fingertips of the dominant hand (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with
the other hand supporting the side of the ball. The ball is usually shot by jumping (though
not always) and extending the shooting arm. The shooting arm, fully extended with the wrist
fully bent, is held stationary for a moment following the release of the ball, known as
a follow-through. Players often try to put a steady backspin on the ball to absorb its impact
with the rim. The ideal trajectory of the shot is somewhat controversial, but generally a
proper arc is recommended. Players may shoot directly into the basket or may use the
backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.

Basketball falling through hoop

The two most common shots that use the above described setup are the set-shot and
the jump-shot. The set-shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the
floor, typically used for free throws, and in other circumstances while the jump-shot is taken
in mid-air, the ball released near the top of the jump. This provides much greater power and
range, and it also allows the player to elevate over the defender. Failure to release the ball
before the feet return to the floor is considered a traveling violation.

Another common shot is called the lay-up. This shot requires the player to be in motion
toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up" and into the basket, typically off the backboard
(the backboard-free, underhand version is called a finger roll). The most crowd-pleasing
and typically highest-percentage accuracy shot is the slam dunk, in which the player jumps
very high and throws the ball downward, through the basket while touching it.
Another shot that is becoming common[citation needed] is the "circus shot". The circus shot is a lowpercentage shot that is flipped, heaved, scooped, or flung toward the hoop while the
shooter is off-balance, airborne, falling down, and/or facing away from the basket. A backshot is a shot taken when the player is facing away from the basket, and may be shot with
the dominant hand, or both; but there is a very low chance that the shot will be successful.
A shot that misses both the rim and the backboard completely is referred to as an air-ball. A
particularly bad shot, or one that only hits the backboard, is jocularly called a brick.

Rebounding
Main article: Rebound (basketball)

A player making an offensive rebound

The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a

missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard. This plays a
major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot. There are
two categories of rebounds: offensive rebounds, in which the ball is recovered by the
offensive side and does not change possession, and defensive rebounds, in which the
defending team gains possession of the loose ball. The majority of rebounds are defensive,
as the team on defense tends to be in better position to recover missed shots.

Passing
See also: Assist (basketball)
A pass is a method of moving the ball between players. Most passes are accompanied by a
step forward to increase power and are followed through with the hands to ensure
accuracy.
A staple pass is the chest pass. The ball is passed directly from the passer's chest to the
receiver's chest. A proper chest pass involves an outward snap of the thumbs to add
velocity and leaves the defence little time to react.
Another type of pass is the bounce pass. Here, the passer bounces the ball crisply about
two-thirds of the way from his own chest to the receiver. The ball strikes the court and
bounces up toward the receiver. The bounce pass takes longer to complete than the chest
pass, but it is also harder for the opposing team to intercept (kicking the ball deliberately is
a violation). Thus, players often use the bounce pass in crowded moments, or to pass
around a defender.

The overhead pass is used to pass the ball over a defender. The ball is released while over
the passer's head.
The outlet pass occurs after a team gets a defensive rebound. The next pass after the
rebound is the outlet pass.
The crucial aspect of any good pass is it being difficult to intercept. Good passers can pass
the ball with great accuracy and they know exactly where each of their other teammates
prefers to receive the ball. A special way of doing this is passing the ball without looking at
the receiving teammate. This is called a no-look pass.
Another advanced style of passing is the behind-the-back pass, which, as the description
implies, involves throwing the ball behind the passer's back to a teammate. Although some
players can perform such a pass effectively, many coaches discourage no-look or behindthe-back passes, believing them to be difficult to control and more likely to result in
turnovers or violations.

Dribbling

A demonstration of the basic types of dribbling in basketball.

A U.S. Naval Academy ("Navy") player, left, posts up a U.S. Military Academy ("Army") defender.

Main article: Dribble

Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously with one hand, and is a requirement
for a player to take steps with the ball. To dribble, a player pushes the ball down towards
the ground with the fingertips rather than patting it; this ensures greater control.
When dribbling past an opponent, the dribbler should dribble with the hand farthest from
the opponent, making it more difficult for the defensive player to get to the ball. It is
therefore important for a player to be able to dribble competently with both hands.
Good dribblers (or "ball handlers") tend to bounce the ball low to the ground, reducing the
distance of travel of the ball from the floor to the hand, making it more difficult for the
defender to "steal" the ball. Good ball handlers frequently dribble behind their backs,

between their legs, and switch directions suddenly, making a less predictable dribbling
pattern that is more difficult to defend against. This is called a crossover, which is the most
effective way to move past defenders while dribbling.
A skilled player can dribble without watching the ball, using the dribbling motion
or peripheral vision to keep track of the ball's location. By not having to focus on the ball, a
player can look for teammates or scoring opportunities, as well as avoid the danger of
having someone steal the ball away from him/her.

Blocking
Main article: Block (basketball)
A block is performed when, after a shot is attempted, a defender succeeds in altering the
shot by touching the ball. In almost all variants of play, it is illegal to touch the ball after it is
in the downward path of its arc; this is known as goaltending. It is also illegal under NBA
and Men's NCAA basketball to block a shot after it has touched the backboard, or when
any part of the ball is directly above the rim. Under international rules it is illegal to block a
shot that is in the downward path of its arc or one that has touched the backboard until the
ball has hit the rim. After the ball hits the rim, it is again legal to touch it even though it is no
longer considered as a block performed.
To block a shot, a player has to be able to reach a point higher than where the shot is
released. Thus, height can be an advantage in blocking. Players who are taller and playing
the power forward or center positions generally record more blocks than players who are
shorter and playing the guard positions. However, with good timing and a sufficiently high
vertical leap, even shorter players can be effective shot blockers.

Height
At the professional level, most male players are above 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) and most
women above 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m). Guards, for whom physical coordination and ballhandling skills are crucial, tend to be the smallest players. Almost all forwards in the top
men's pro leagues are 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) or taller. Most centers are over 6 feet
10 inches (2.08 m) tall. According to a survey given to all NBA teams, the average height of
all NBA players is just under 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m), with the average weight being close
to 222 pounds (101 kg). The tallest players ever in the NBA were Manute
Bol and Gheorghe Murean, who were both 7 feet 7 inches (2.31 m) tall. The tallest current
NBA player is Sim Bhullar, who stands at 7 feet 5 inches (2.26 m). At 7 feet 2 inches
(2.18 m), Margo Dydek was the tallest player in the history of the WNBA.
The shortest player ever to play in the NBA is Muggsy Bogues at 5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m).
[42]
Other short players have thrived at the pro level. Anthony "Spud" Webb was just 5 feet
7 inches (1.70 m) tall, but had a 42-inch (1.07 m) vertical leap, giving him significant height
when jumping. While shorter players are often at a disadvantage in certain aspect of the
game, their ability to navigate quickly through crowded areas of the court and steal the ball
by reaching low are strengths.

Variations and similar games

Main article: Variations of basketball

Schoolgirls shooting hoops among the Himalayas in Dharamsala, India.

A basketball training course at the Phan nh Phng High School, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Variations of basketball are activities based on the game of basketball, using common
basketball skills and equipment (primarily the ball and basket). Some variations are only
superficial rules changes, while others are distinct games with varying degrees of
basketball influences. Other variations include children's games, contests or activities
meant to help players reinforce skills.
There are principal basketball sports with variations on basketball including Wheelchair
basketball, Water basketball, Beach
basketball,Slamball, Streetball and Unicycle basketball. An earlier version of basketball
was Six-on-six basketball played until the end of the 1950s.Horseball is a game played on
horseback where a ball is handled and points are scored by shooting it through a high net
(approximately 1.5m1.5m). The sport is like a combination of polo, rugby, and basketball.
There is even a form played on donkeys known as Donkey basketball, but that version has
come under attack from animal rights groups.

MECVOLLEYBALL GROUND

Half-court
Perhaps the single most common variation of
basketball is the half-court game, played in informal
settings without referees or strict rules. Only one
basket is used, and the ball must be "cleared"
passed or dribbled outside the three-point line each

time possession of the ball changes from one team to

the other. Half-court games require
less cardiovascular stamina, since players need not
run back and forth a full court. Half-court raises the
number of players that can use a court or, conversely,
can be played if there is an insufficient number to form
full 5-on-5 teams.
Half-court basketball is usually played 1-on-1, 2-on-2
or 3-on-3. The latter variation is gradually gaining
official recognition as 3x3, originally known as FIBA 33.
It was first tested at the 2007 Asian Indoor
Games in Macau and the first official tournaments were
held at the 2009 Asian Youth Games and the 2010
Youth Olympics, both in Singapore. The first FIBA 3x3
Youth World Championships[43]were held
in Rimini, Italy in 2011, with the first FIBA 3x3 World
Championships for senior teams following a year
later in Athens. The sport is highly tipped to become
an Olympic sport as early as 2016.[44]
There are also other basketball sports, such as:

21 (also known
as American, cutthroatand roughhouse)[45]

42

Around the world

Bounce

Firing Squad

Fives

H-O-R-S-E

Hotshot

Knockout

One-shot conquer

Steal The Bacon

Tip-it

Tips

"The One"

Basketball War.

One-on-One, a variation in which two players will

use only a small section of the court (often no
more than a half of a court) and compete to play
the ball into a single hoop. Such games tend to
emphasize individual dribbling and ball stealing
skills over shooting and team play.
Wheelchair basketball
Wheelchair basketball, created by disabled World War
II veterans,[46] is played on specially designed
wheelchairs for the physically impaired. The world
governing body of wheelchair basketball is
the International Wheelchair Basketball
Federation[47] (IWBF), and is a full medal sport in
the Summer Paralympic Games.
Water basketball
Water basketball, played in a swimming pool, merges
basketball and water polo rules.
Beach basketball
A modified version of basketball, played on beaches,
was invented by Philip Bryant.[48] Beach basketball is
played in a circular court with no backboard on the
goal, no out-of-bounds rule with the ball movement to
be done via passes or 2 steps, as dribbling is next to
impossible on a soft surface.[49]
Beach basketball has grown to a very
popular, widespread competitive sport. 15
Annual World Championships have been
organized.
Dunk Hoops
Dunk Hoops (a.k.a. Dunk Ball) is a variation of the
game of basketball, played on basketball hoops with
lowered (under basketball regulation 10 feet) rims. It
originated when the popularity of the slam dunk grew
and was developed to create better chances for dunks
with lowered rims and using altered goaltending rules.
Slamball
Slamball is full-contact basketball, with trampolines.
Points are scored by playing the ball through the net,
as in basketball, though the point-scoring rules are
modified. The main differences from the parent sport is
the court; below the padded basketball rim
and backboard are four trampolines set into the floor,
which serve to propel players to great heights for slam
dunks. The rules also permit some physical contact
between the members of the four-player teams.
Streetball
Streetball is a less formal variant of basketball, played
on playgrounds and in gymnasiums across the world.
Often only one half of the court is used, but otherwise
the rules of the game are very similar to those of
basketball. The number of participants in a game, or
a run, may range from one defender and one person
on offense (known as one on one) to two full teams of
five each. Streetball is a very popular game worldwide,
and some cities in the United States have organized

streetball programs, such as midnight basketball. Many

cities also host their own weekend-long streetball
tournaments.
Unicycle Basketball
Unicycle basketball is played using a regulation
basketball on a regular basketball court with the same
rules, for example, one must dribble the ball while
riding. There are a number of rules that are particular
to unicycle basketball as well, for example, a player
must have at least one foot on a pedal when inbounding the ball. Unicycle basketball is usually played
using 24" or smaller unicycles, and using plastic
pedals, both to preserve the court and the players'
shins. In North America, popular unicycle basketball
games are organized.[50]
Spin-offs from
basketball that are now
separate sports include:

Korfball (Dutch:
Korfbal, korf meaning
'basket') started in
the Netherlands and
is now played
worldwide as a mixed
gender team ball
game, similar to
mixed netball and
basketball

Netball (formerly
known as Women
basketball but now
played by both males
and females), a
limited-contact team
sport in which two
teams of seven try to
score points against
one another by
placing a ball through
a high hoop.

Social forms of
basketball

Typical privately owned

basketball hoop

Basketball has been

adopted by various social
groups, which have
established their own
environments and
sometimes their own
rules. Such socialized
forms of basketball
include the following.

Recreational
basketball, where
fun, entertainment
and camaraderie rule
rather than winning a
game;

Basketball Schools
and
Academies, where
students are trained
in developing
basketball
fundamentals,
undergo fitness and
endurance exercises
and learn various
basketball skills.
Basketball students
learn proper ways of
passing, ball
handling, dribbling,
shooting from various
distances,
rebounding, offensive
moves, defense,
layups, screens,
basketball rules and
basketball ethics.
Also popular are
thebasketball
camps organized for
various occasions,
often to get prepared
for basketball events,
and basketball
clinics for improving
skills.

College and
University
basketball played in
educational

institutions of higher
learning.

This
includes National
Collegiate
Athletic
Association (NC
AA)
intercollegiate
basketball.

Disabled
basketball played by
various disabled
groups, such as

Bankshot
basketball,[51]

Deaf basketball,

Wheelchair
basketball, a
sport based on
basketball but
designed
for disabled peop
le
in wheelchairs an
d considered one
of the
major disabled
sports practiced.

Ethnic and
Religion-based
basketball:
Examples of ethnic
basketball include
Indo-Pak or Russian
or Armenian leagues
in the United States
or Canada, for
example, or Filipino
expatriate basketball
leagues in the Gulf or
the United States.
Religion-based
basketball includes,
most notably, churchrelated Christian
basketball leagues,
Jewish, Muslim and
Hindu basketball
leagues, and so on.

or denominational
leagues like Coptic,
Syriac/Assyrian
basketball leagues in
the United States or
Canada.

Gay
basketball played in
gay,
lesbian, bisexual and
transgender commun
ities in gay basketball
leagues. The sport of
basketball is a major
part of events during
the Gay
Games, World
Outgames and Euro
Games.

Midnight basketball,
a basketball initiative
to curb inner-city
crime in the United
States and elsewhere
by keeping urban
youth off the streets
and engaging them
with sports
alternatives to drugs
and crime.

Mini
basketball played by
underage children.

Maxi
Basketball played by
more elderly
individuals.

Prison basketball,
practiced in prisons
and penitentiary
institutions. Active
religious basketball
missionary groups
also play basketball
with prisoners. Some
prisons have
developed their own
prison basketball
leagues. At times,
non-prisoners may
play in such leagues,

provided all home

and away games are
played within prison
courts. Film
director Jason
Moriarty has released
a documentary
relating to the sport,
entitled Prison Ball.

Rezball, short for

reservation ball, is
the avid Native
American following of
basketball,
particularly a style of
play particular to
Native American
teams of some areas.

School or High
school basketball,
the sport of
basketball being one
of the most frequently
exercised and
popular sports in all
school systems.

Show basketball as
performed by
entertainment
basketball show
teams, the prime
example being
the Harlem
Globetrotters. There
are even specialized
entertainment teams,
including

Celebrity
basketball team
s made of
celebrities
(actors, singers,
and so on.)
playing in their
own leagues or
in public, often
for entertainment
and charity
events;

Midget
basketball team

s made up of
athletes of short
stature offering
shows using
basketball;

Slamball offered
as entertainment
events.

Fantasy
basketball

This section does not cite any r

improve this section by adding c
material may be challenged and
Main article: Fantasy
basketball
Fantasy basketball was
popularized during the
1990s after the advent of
the Internet. Those who
play this game are
sometimes referred to as
General Managers, who
draft actual NBA players
and compute
their basketball statistics.
The game was
popularized
by ESPN Fantasy
Sports, NBA.com,
and Yahoo! Fantasy
Sports. Other sports
websites provided the
same format keeping the
game interesting with
participants actually
owning specific players.

See also
Basketball portal
Sports portal

Main article: Outline of

basketball

Basketball at the
Summer Olympics

Basketball moves

Basketball National
League

Continental
Basketball
Association

Hot hand fallacy

National Basketball
Association

Timeline of women's
basketball

ULEB Union des

Ligues Europennes
de Basket, in English
Union of European
Leagues of
Basketball

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30. ^ Jump up
to:a b c 20092011
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31. ^ Jump up
to:a b c Struckhoff,
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Indianapolis,
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32. Jump up^ NBA
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33. Jump up^ FIBA
Official Basketball
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4, Section 8.4
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34. Jump up^ NBA
Official Rules
(20092010) Rule
5, Section II, b.
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2010.
35. Jump up^ FIBA
Official Basketball
Rules (2010) Rule
4, Section 8.7

Retrieved July 26,

2010
36. Jump up^ FIBA
Official Basketball
Rules (2010) Rule
3, Section 4.2.2
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2010
37. Jump up^ NBA
Official Rules
(20092010) Rule
3, Section I, a.
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2010.
38. Jump up^ 2009
2011 Men's &
Women's
Basketball
Rules Rule 10,
Section 2, Article 6.
Retrieved July 26,
2010.
39. Jump
up^ Struckhoff,
Mary, ed.
(2009). 20092010
NFHS Basketball
Rules.
Indianapolis,
Indiana:National
Federation of High
Schools.
p. 59. Rule 10,
Section 1, Article 6
40. Jump
up^ "Connor
Sports
Flooring". Archived
from the original on
June 7, 2009.
RetrievedJune
3, 2009.
41. Jump
up^ Marshall, John
(1 November
2014). "Positionles
s basketball taking
hold in college".
Retrieved 18
November 2014.
42. Jump
up^ "Muggsy
Bogues Bio".
NBA.com. Archive

d from the original

on July 17, 2010.
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25, 2010.
43. Jump up^ "2011
3x3 Youth World
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FIBA.COM".
Rimini2011.fiba.co
m. 2011-09-11.
Retrieved 2012-1122.
44. Jump up^ "3-on-3
basketball might
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45. Jump up^ Eric
Shanburn
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AuthorHouse. ISB
N 978-1-43438912-1.
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46. Jump up^ "Learn
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47. Jump
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49. Jump
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General references

National Basketball
Association
(2014). "Official Rules
of the National
Basketball Association".
Retrieved March
6, 2015.

International Basketball
Federation (June
2004). Official
Basketball Rules.

Reimer, Anthony (June

2005). "FIBA vs North
American Rules
Comparison". FIBA
Assist (14): 4044.

Bonsor, Kevin. "How

Basketball Works:
Who's
Who". HowStuffWorks.
Archived from the
original on January 1,
2006.
Retrieved January
11, 2006.

Further reading

Adolph H, Grundman
(2004). The golden age
of amateur basketball:
the AAU Tournament,
19211968. University
of Nebraska
Press. ISBN 0-80327117-4.

Batchelor, Bob
(2005). Basketball in
America: from the
playgrounds to
Jordan's game and
beyond.
Routledge. ISBN 978-07890-1613-3.

Brown, Donald H
(2007). A Basketball
Handbook.
AuthorHouse. ISBN 97
8-1-4259-6190-9.

Forrest C, Allen
(1991). All you wanted
to know about
Basketball. Sterling
publishing. ISBN 81207-2576-X.

Grundy, Pamela; Susan

Shackelford
(2005). Shattering the
glass: the remarkable
history of women's
basketball. New
Press. ISBN 1-56584822-5.

Herzog, Brad
(2003). Hoopmania:
The Book of Basketball
History and Trivia.
Rosen Pub.
Group. ISBN 0-82393697-X.

Simmons, Bill
(2009). The book of
basketball: the NBA
according to the sports
guy. Ballantine/ESPN
Books. ISBN 978-0345-51176-8.

Naismith, James
(1941). Basketball: its
origin and
development.
University of Nebraska
Press. ISBN 0-80328370-9.

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