Analytical exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended

( the social function ) to persuade the listeners or readers that something

is the case. To make the persuasion stronger, the speaker or writer gives
some arguments as the fundamental reasons why something is the case.
This type of

the text can be found in scientific books, journals,

magazines, newspaper articles, academics speech or lectures, research

reports, etc. Analytical expositions are popular among science, academic
community and educated people.

The generic structure of an analytical exposition usually has three

components : (1) Thesis (2) Arguments and (3) Conclusion.
Generic structure of an analytical exposition text :
1.

Thesis

2.

Arguments

3.

Conclusion

: Introduces the tropic and shows speaker /

writers position; uotlines the arguments to be
presented.
: Point and Elaboration.
Point : states the main argument. Elaboration :
develops and supports each point of argument.
: Reiteration (restatement) : restates
speaker/writers position.

Lexicogrammatical features:
An analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non human
participants.
It uses mental processes : to state what the writer/speaker thinks
or feels about something. For instance: realize, feel, etc.
It often needs material processes: to state what happens, e.g. has
polluted, etc.
It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.
Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given
arguments: The first, the second, firstly, secondly, finally, etc.

Essential Grammar Point : Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense is a prefective tense used to express action that is
completed in the present. This tense is often used in some texts, especially
in hortatory and analytical expositions.
Usage of Present Perfect Tense
We commonly use the present perfect tense to talk about :
a. Recent events, news.
- We have just solved the problem.
- Weve experienced difficulties created by the flood.
b. Changes that have taken place.
- Val has turned to be a shy girl since her father passed away.
c. Activities that were repeated several or many times in the past.
- The government has given the treatment three times but the result
is nothing.

A. Using to-be in Present Perfect Tense

Study the following pattern.
Subjek + have/has + to be + (a) Adjecktive
(been) (b) Noun
E.g :
(c) Adverb of place
John has been a politician since four years ago.
Noun
Giza has been in Medan for three years

Adv. Of place
Herbert has been gloomy since yesterday
Adjective
B. Using verbs in Simple Past Tense
Study the following pattern:
Subject + have/ has +
Verb 3
(usually with -ed)
E.g. :
Garry has visited the Switzerland twice.
William and Andy have gone to the hills to see the landslides.
Positive and Negative Form
I

seen the accident.

ve (have)

You
He

solved the problem.

bought a new house for his family

havent

had a new bussines.

s (has)

Yes/ No Questions
She
hasnt
Have
Has

you
They
he
She

finished?

Short Answer :
Yes, I have.
No, I havent.
Yes, he has.
No, she hasnt

Wh-Questions
Where

Have
Has

you
They
he
she

been?

Note:
Since or for are used to show that the situation began in
past and continued to te present.
E.g. : I have known Bob for five years.