Adjective Clause, Noun Clause and Adverbial Clause

Adjective Clause/Relative Clause

Noun Clause

Adverbial Clause

It is a dependent clause that modifies noun. It It is a dependent clause which is used as a

describes, identifies, or gives further subject or an object.
information about a noun.
The noun clause has its own subject and verb.
An adjective clause closely follows the noun it
modifies.
Noun Clause as Subject:
Where she went is none of your business.
The adjective clause pronouns/relative clause (It is none of your business)
pronouns: who, whom, which, that, whose, Why they left the country is a secret.
where and when.
(That is a secret)
Who-for people
What we are doing in class is easy.
Which-for things
(This is easy)
That-for both people and things
Whether the team wins or loses is not
Where-place
important.
When -time
(It is not important)

It is a dependent clause which shows cause and

effect, contrast, conditions, and time.

Adjective clause pronouns used as the subject:

Conditions
If it rains tomorrow, I will take my umbrella.
Whether it is cold or not, I am going to go
swimming tomorrow.
Even if the weather is cold, Im going to go
swimming.
Ill be at my uncles house in case you need to
reach me.
Ill go swimming tomorrow unless its cold.
(unless = if not)
Only if it rains will the picnic be cancelled.
Only in my hometown do I feel at ease.
(the use of only at the beginning of a sentence
requires Subject-Verb inversion in the main
clause)

I thanked the woman. She helped me.

I thanked the woman who helped me.

Noun Clause as Object.

Do you know whose pen this is?

(Do you know it?)
Please tell me where you live.
The book is mine. It is on the table.
(Please tell me something)
The book which is on the table is mine.
I dont know how old he is.
(I dont know that)
The taxi driver was friendly.
I wonder if she will come or not.
He took me to the airport.
(I wonder something)
The taxi driver who took me to the airport was He always says whatever comes into his mind.
friendly.
(He always says anything)
She can go wherever she wants to go.
(She can go anywhere)

Cause and Effect

Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
Now that the semester is over, Im going to rest
a few days and then take a trip.
Since youre a good cook and I am not, you
should cook the dinner.
Contrast
Even though I wasnt tired, I went to bed.
Some people are tall, whereas others are short.
While some parts of the world get an abundance
of rain, others get little or none.

Adjective clause pronoun used as the object of a

verb:
The people were very nice.
We visited them yesterday.
The people whom we visited yesterday were
very nice.
The movie wasnt very good.
We saw it last night.
The movie which /that/ 0 we saw last night
wasnt very good.
She is the woman. I told you about her.
She is the woman about whom I told you.
She is the woman whom I told you about.
She is the woman that/ 0 I told you about.
That is the author. I read his book.
That is the author whose book I read.
Mrs. Catt has a painting. Its value is
inestimable.
Mrs. Catt has a painting whose value is
inestimable.
That is the drawer. I keep my jewelry there.
That is the drawer where I keep my jewelry.
They cried the day. They left on that day.
They cried the day when they left.

Time
After, before, when, while, as soon as, until, by
the time, whenever, the first time that, the last
time that, as long as, every time that.