INTRODUCTION OF CAD

Computer aided design is essentially based on versatile

on powerful technique called computer graphics. This
basically means the criterion and manipulation of picture
on a display device with the aid of a computer. Computer
graphics originated at the Massachusetts institute of
technology (MIT) in 1950 when the first computer driven
display linked to a whirlwind 1.computer and was used to
generate some picture.
The first important step forward in computer graphics
came in 1963 when a system called SKETCHCHPAD was
demonstrated at the Lincoln laboratory of mit.this system
consist of a cathode ray tube driven by TX2 computer. The
CRT had a and a light pen. Picture could be drawn on the
screen and the manipulated interactively by the user via the
light pen.
This demonstration clearly showed that the CRT could
potentially be used as designers electronic drawing board
with common graphics operation such as scaling
.translation, rotation, animation & simulation
automatically performed at the push of a button.
At the time these systems were very expensive.
Therefore they were adopted only in such major industries
as the aircraft and automotive industries were use in design
justified the high capital cost.
Another crucial factor preventing computer graphics from
being generally applied to engineering industries was that

there was a lock a appropriate graphics and application

software to run on these system .however a computer
graphics which had captured the imagination of the
engineering industry
All over the world new and improved hardware which is
faster in processing speed, larger in memory, cheaper in
cost and smaller in size, have become widely available.

Sophisticated software techniques and package have

also been gradually developed. Consequently the
application of cad in industry has been growing rapidly
initially cad system primarily were automated righting
station in which computer controlled plotters produced
engineering drawing.
This system were later linked to graphics display
terminals where geometric model describing part
dimensions were created and the resulting databases in the
computer was then used to produce drawing now a days cad
system can do much more than mere righting .
Some systems have analytical capabilities that allow
part to be evaluated with techniques such as the finite
element method there are also kinematics analysis programs
that enable the motion of mechanism to be used studied. In
addition cad system includes testing technique to perform
model analysis on structure and to evaluate their response
to pinpoint any possible defects.

Computer aided design is the process of developing

and using computer assisted design tools in the design
process the advent of computer has contributed to
significant advance in calculation data handling and
utilization applications .
The ability to use the computer in these application
areas enhances the capability of the design team
significantly .drafting and geometric modeling play
significant roles in cad .the module therefore concentrates
on the general design process with specific consideration to
drafting and geometric modeling.
Three different cad system are referred to in the
module .the syllabus includes historical development, the
design process, traditional

drawing practice and the development of the CAD industry,

system hardware, computers micro to mainframe, systems.
Example-of cad system simple entity descriptions points
,lines , arc ,made-edge limits ,free-form curves, free-form
surfaces :pan, rotate and scale,3d transformation, observer
angles, perspective, depth cueing: geometric modeling :wire
frame modelers, surface modelers, solid modelers, hidden
line removal and mass properties: user interface :input
devices,menus,graphics interface language parametric.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
To understand and handle design problems in a
systematic manner .to be able to use the capabilities
provided by computers for calculation, data handling and
visualization applications.
To gain practical experience in handling 2d
drafting and 3d modeling software systems. To be able to
apply cad in real life application.
ROLE OF COMPUTER IN DESIGN:
As manual design process has several risk
factors including human fatigue and the valuation of
design based on his previous experience.

With the advent of computer and the development

in the field of computer graphics, various design and
manufacturing process takes place new faster rate with
minimum or optimum error.
The below figure shows the implementation of computer
in design:
Recognition of
Need
Problem
definition

Synthesis
Commercial
Modeling
Analysis
&Optimization
Engineering
Design
Evaluation Analysis
review &
evaluation
Presentation

Automated
Drafting

Implementation of computer in the computer design

stage becomes the subset of design process .once the
conceptual design materializes in the designer mind the
geometric model starts by the appropriate cad software.
The choice of geometric model to cad is analogous to the
choice. The various design related tasks which are
performed by a modern computer aided design system
can be grouped in to four functional areas:
1. Geometric Modeling
2. Engineering analysis
3. Design review and evaluation
4. Automated drafting
GEOMETRIC MODELING:

It is concerned with the computer

compatible mathematical description of the geometric of
an object. The mathematical description allows the image
of the object to be displayed & manipulated on a graphics
terminal through signals from the CPU of the cad system.
The software that provides geometric modeling
capabilities must be designed for efficient use both by the
computer & the human designer.
During the geometric modeling computer
converts the command in to a mathematical model stores in
the computer data files and display it as an image on the
CRT screen: object can by represented by geometric model
by wire frames, surface model or solid model. Another
feature of CAD system is color graphics capability. By
means of color. It is possible to display, more information
on the graphics screen.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS:
The analysis may involve stress-strain calculation,
heat transfer computation etc, of the system being
displayed. The computer

can be used to aid in this analysis work. It is often

necessary that specific programs be developed internally
the engineering analysis group to solve particular design
problem. In other situation, commercially available general
purpose programs can be used to perform the engineering
analysis. Analysis may be:

a.Mass property analysis.

b. Finite element analysis
The analysis of mass properties is the analysis feature
of CAD system which provides properties of solid object
being analyzed, such as the surface area, weight, volume,
centre of gravity and moment of inertia.
In FEA the object is divided into large number of finite
elements which form an interconnecting network
concentrated nodes. By using a computer with significant
computational capabilities, the entire object can be
analyzed for stress-strain, heat transfer coefficient at
nodes. By determining the interrelating behaviors of all
nodes in the system, the behavior of the entire object can
be assessed.
DESIGN REVIEW & EVALUATION:
Checking the accuracy of the design can be
accomplished conviently on the graphical terminal.
Semiautomatic dimensioning and tolerance routines which
assign size specification to surface indicated by the user
help you to reduce the possibility of dimensioning errors
.the designer can zoom in on part design details and
magnify the imaging the graphics screen for close scrutiny.
One of the most important evaluation features available
on some computer aided design system is kinematics. The
available

kinematics package provide the capability to animate the

motion of the simple designed mechanisms such as hinged

component & linkages ,commercial kinematics software

available is ADMS (automatic dynamics analysis of
mechanical systems)
AUTOMATED DRAFTING:
It involves the creation of hard copy engineering
drawing directly from the cad system data base .most of
the cad system are capable of generating as many as six
views of the parts. Engineering drawings can be made in to
company drafting standards by programming the standards
in to the cad system.
Implementation of computer in the design stage
becomes the subset of design process. Once the conceptual
designs materialize in the designer mind the geometric
model starts by the appropriate cad software. The choice of
geometric model to cad is analogous to the choice of a
mathematical model to engineering analysis. a valid
geometric model is created by definition translator.
This converts the designer in put into the proper
data base format. In order to apply engineering analysis in
geometric model, interface algorithms are provided by the
system to extract the required data from model database to
perform the analysis.
In case of FEA. The algorithms from the finite
element modeling package of the system. Design testing &
evaluation may require changing the geometric model
before finalizing it.
When the final design is achieved the drafting& detailing
of the model starts, followed by documentation &
production of final drawings.

COMPONENTS OF CAD SYSTEM:

The components of a typical CAD system are illustrated
in the following figure. The central processing unit (CPU) is
the brain of the entire system. It contains of integrated circuits
of (IC) of three parts-ALU, controller and main memory unit.
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) consists of electronic
circuits, which perform logic and mathematical operations.
Controller circuits are used to regulate various operations
carried out in the computer. Main memory circuits store
processed data, such as result of calculations and program
instructions inside the computer.
Hundreds of electronic circuits are reduced and etched of chip
as a pinhead. The CPU is, therefore, one of the miracles of
modern electronic technology.

ELEMENTS OF CAD SYSTEM:

OUT
C.PU
PUT
DEV
ICE

WORK STATION

WORK
STATIO
N

WORK STATION

WORK STATION

WORK STATION

WORK STATION

INPUT DEVICES

WORK STATION

GRAPHIC DISPLAY
TERMINAL

In the CAD system the functions of the CPU is as

follows:
1. To receive information from the work station and
display the output on a CRT screen:
2. To read the data stored in a secondary memory storage
unit:
3. To give instructions to output devices such as plotters
to create permanent
4. drawings: and
5. To transmit data to and from magnetic tapes.
In addition to main memory circuits in CPU, secondary
storage capacity is provides to reduce the cost of the main
computer.
The functions of the secondary storage unit are as follows:
1. To store files related to the engineering drawings;
2. To store CAD software ; and
3. To store programs required to give instructions to
output devices like plotters.
The secondary storage unit consists of magnetic
tapes and disks. Magnetic tape is similar to the tape used in
a tape recorder. It consists of Mylar tape coated with
magnetic material.
The data are stored in the form PF magnetized
spots. The data can be erased and reused. The data are
stored sequentially, i.e. to find a certain piece of data on
the tape; one must wind the till the data are reached. This
is called the sequential access method. Magnetic tapes are
cheap but the access time for data retrieval is more due to
sequential access. They are mainly used for archiving
drawings.

There are two types of magnetic disksflexible and hard. The appearance of flexible disk is
similar to that of a

phonographic record. If is, however, thin and flexible

compared with records, hence name floppy disk. The
flexible disk is made of plastic like material-Mylar-with a
thin coating of magnetic material such as ferric oxide.
The data can be stored on the one side of the disk
(single) or on both surfaces (dual). The standard diameters
of floppy disks are 131mm and 200mm the disk is always
kept in a square vinyl jacket called window. Reading and
writing is accomplished thorough this window by means of
a drive-head.
The speed of rotation of the disk is usually
300r.p.m. the construction of the hard disk is similar to that
of a flexible disk. It is however, made from thin aluminum
plate coated with ferric oxide. The disk is usually sealed in
an airtight container and rotates at a much faster speed o
3600 rpm.
This increases speed of storage and retrieval of
information. A hard disk is more durable than a floppy
disk. Cost is the main limitation of this disk. There are two
methods to store data on flexible as well as hard disks
sequential and random access methods.
In the sequential search method data are stored in a
sequence and the drive head to search for a piece of
information starting from the beginning of the track. This

increases the search depending upon the location of the

information. The random access method is also called the
direct access method. In this method data stored on the disk
are divided into two or more sections. When the section
number is specified, the drive head directly moves to the
relevant section and starts searching the data. Random
access method of data retrieval.

The computer systems used for CAD are of three

types mainframe, mini and micro. The main frame system
consists of a large capacity computer kept in a remote airconditioned room. Strict environmental controls are needed
for this system.
The workstations are located at some distance from
this system. The mainframe system executes a number of
functions, CAD being one of them. This system is more
powerful then mini or micro systems, with fast computing
speeds. Due to large memory capacity it cam process the
most difficult programs.
Compared with the mainframe system the
microcomputer is not able to process some of the difficult
programs, which can be run on the mainframe system.
` Minicomputers are usually housed in an airconditioned room. The microcomputer is the smallest type
of CAD system. It does not require strict environmental
controls.

A graphic display station and keyboard is normally

combined in to a micro unit. These units are called desktop
computers. A microcomputer system is called a dedicated
system, because it operates for the sole purpose of one user
at a time. This system is cheap and easily available, but has
limited capacity and speed.
The workstation is a visible part of the CAD
system, which provides interaction between the operator
and the system. There are two elements of a basic
workstation-a CRT display and an alphanumeric
keyboard.
Other input devices such as cursor control devices,
digitizers and graphic tablets, are provided on elaborate
workstation. Graphic display terminals and input devices
are discussed in the forthcoming sections. The output
devices used

`
With the CAD systems are pin plotters,
hardcopy units and electrostatic plotters.
GEOMETRIC MODELING:
A geometric modeling is defined as the
complete representation of an object that includes in
both graphical and non-graphical information. In
computer-aided design, geometric modeling is
concerned with the computer compatible mathematical
description of the geometric of an object.

The mathematical description of the geometry

of an object to be displayed and manipulated on a
graphics terminal through signal from CPU of the cad
system .the software that provides geometric modeling
capabilities must be designed for efficient use of both
by the computer and the human designer.
To use geometric modeling the designer
construct the graphical image of the object on the CRT
screen of the IGS system by inputting three types of
commands to the computer.
The first type of command generates basic
geometric elements such as points, lines, and circles.
The second command type is used to accomplish
scaling rotation or other transformations of these
elements.
The third type of command causes the various
elements to be joined in to desired shape of the object
being created on the ICG system.

During this geometric modeling process the

computer converts the commands in to mathematical
models store it the computer data files and displays it as
an image on the screen.
The model can be subsequently being called from
the data files for review analysis or alteration. The most
advanced method of geometric modeling is solid
modeling in three dimensions.

This method uses solid geometric shapes called to

construct the object.
Basically there are three types of modeling, they are
a. Wire Frame Modeling
b. surface Modeling
c. Solid Modeling.
WIRE FRAME MODELING:
This is the basic form of modeling: here the
object drawn will be simple but more verbose, geometric
model that can be used to represent it mathematically in
the computer. It is sometimes referred as a stick figure or
an edge representation of the object.
Typical CAD/CAM system provides users with
possibly three modes to input coordinates: Cartesian,
cylindrical or spherical.
Each mode has explicit or implicit inputs. Explicit
input could be absolute or incremental coordinates
.Implicit input involves user digitizes.
A wire frame model consists of points, lines, arcs,
circles & curves. Early wire frame modeling techniques
developed in 1960 were 2-d dimensional. They are not
centralized & associative.

Later in 1970 the centralized associative database

concepts enabled modeling of 3D objects as wire frame

models that can be subjected to 3-dimensional

transformations.
WIRE FRAME ENTITIES
Wire frame entities are divided in to 2 types are:
a. Synthetic entities-------- splints & curves
b. Analytic entities-------- points, lines, circles, arcs,
conics, fillet,
APPLICATION:
1. Two-dimensional drafting
2. Numerical control tool path generation
ADVANTAGE:
1. It is simple to construct model
2. Less computer memory to store the object
3. CPU time to retrieve, edit or update a wire frame
model is less
4. Doesnot requires extensive training.
DISADVANTAGE:
1. It is ambiguous represented of real object.
2. It is ambiguous representation of real object.
3. User or terminal time needed to prepare & or input
data increases
with complexity of object.

4. No facility for automatic shading.

5. Difficult in calculating physical properties like mass,

surface area, centre of gravity etc.,
SURFACE MODELING:
A surface model of an object is more complete and
less ambiguous representation than it wire frame model.
It is also richer in associated geometric contents, which
make it more suitable for engineering and design
applications. Surfaces model takes one step beyond wire
frame models by providing information on surfaces
connecting the object qualitative data like desired shape &
smoothness. Choice of surface form depends of type of
application.
SURFACE ENTITIES:
Similar to wire frame entities, existing
CAD/CAM systems provide designers with both analytic
and synthetic surface entities. Analytic entities include
plane surface, ruled bicubic. Her mite spline surface Bspline surface rectangular and triangular Bezier
mathematical properties of some of these entities are
covered in this chapter for two purposes. First, if enables
users to correctly choose the proper surface and does not
permit position to better understand CAD/CAM
documentation and the related modifiers to each surface
entity command available on a system. The following are
descriptions of major surface entities provided by
CAD/CAM systems.
APPLICATION:
1. Calculating mass properties.
2. Checking for interference between mating parts.

3. Generating cross-sectional views.

4. Generating finite element mesh.

ADVANTAGE:
1. They are less ambiguous than wireframes model.
2. Surface model provides hidden line and surface
algorithms to add realism to the displayed geometry.
3. Surface model can be utilized in volume and mass
property calculations finite element modeling NC path
generation and cross-section & interference detections.
4. Changes in finite element mesh size produce more
accurate results in FEA
DISADVANTAGE:
1. Surface models are generally more complex and
thus require more terminal and CPU time and computer
storage to create than wireframe models.
2. Surface models are sometimes awkward to
create and may require unnecessary manipulates of
wireframes entities.
3. It requires more training to create.
4. It does not provide any topological information.
SOLID MODELING:
A solid model of an object is more complete
representation than its surface model. It is unique from the

model in topological information. It stores which

potentially permits functional automatic and integration.

Defining an object with the solid model is the

easiest of the available three modeling techniques .solid
model can be quickly created without having to define
individual locations as with wire frames.
The completeness and unambiguity of solid
models are attributed to the information that is related
database of these models stores (topology -------->it
determine the relational information between objects)
To model an object completely we need both
geometry & topology information .geometry is visible
whereas topological information are stored in solid model
database are not visible to user.
Two or more primitives can be combined to
form the desire solid. Primitive are combined by Boolean
operations.
Different Boolean operations are:
1. Union
2. Intersection
3. Difference.
SOLID ENTITIES
There is a wide variety available commercially
to users .however the four most commonly used are the

block, cylinder, cone and sphere. These are based on the

four natural quadrics: planes cylinder, cones, and sphere.
INTRODUCTION TO SOLID WORKS:
Solid works is a powerful 3d modeling
program.yhe models it produces can be used in a number of
ways to simulate the behavior of a real part or assembly as
well as checking

the basic geometry. This tutorial guides you through

construction of the model steam engine.
First youll learn the basics of creating solid features
needed to build the major functional parts and assemble them.
In later sessions youll generate rendered views too.
This should give you the knowledge needed to
create more complex designs as you explore the enormous
functionally of solid Works.

EXERCISE OF REVOLVE
EX. NO: 1
DATE:
AIM:
To model the given object using the revolve feature
as per the dimensions.
COMMAND USED:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

LINE
TRIM
FILLET
EXRTRUDE
CIRCLE
ARC
CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:
1. Select a sketch plane (front, top & side).
2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.
3. Dimension the model using smart dimensions icon.
4. Check the sketch is fully defined.
5. Revolve the sketch.

RESULT:
Thus the given model is drawn using revolve
feature.

EXERCISE OF SHELL
EX.NO:2
DATE:
AIM:
To model the given object and remove the material
using shells option.
COMMAND USED:
1.LINE
2. TRIM
3. EXTRUDE
4. CIRCLE
5. ARC
6. CHAMFER
PROCEDURE:
1. Sketch a plane (front top side).
2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.
3. Dimension the model using smart dimension icon.
4. Check the sketch is fully defined.
5. Extrude the sketch.

6. Select the face in which you are going to draw the cut
profile.
7. Make that plane to normal to you.
8. Sketch the cut profile & dimension it

9. Use the extrude feature remove the portion.

10. Select the shell feature.
11. Select the face in which material to be removed using
shell.
12. Specify the shell thickness.

RESULT:
Thus the given model is drawn and completed
using shell feature.
EXERCISE ON ASSEMBLY OF FLANGE
COUPLING
EX.NO:3
DATE:
AIM;
To model and assemble the flange coupling
as per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D
models into different views with bill of material.
COMMAND USED:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

LINE
TDRIM
EXTRUDE
FILLET
CIRCLE
ARC
EXTRUDE
CHAMFER

PROCEDURE;
1. Model different part of a flange coupling using
extrude, revolve etc., feature
2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu.

3. Using insert component icon of property manager

insert base component next component to be assemble.
4. Assemble using MATE feature.
5. Continue the inserting the component mating
until the entire component are assembled.

6. Save the assembly.

7. Forms the main menu of solid works select the
drawing option.
8. Select the table-BOM
9. Place the BOM in the proper place. In the
drawing sheet save the drawing sheet.

RESULT:
Thus the given flange coupling is modeled and
assembled &different views are taken.

EXERCISE ON ASSEMBLEY OF SCREW JACK.

EX.NO:4
DATE:
AIM:
To model and assemble the screw jack as
per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D model
into different views with bill of materials.
COMMAND USED:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

LINE
TRIM
EXTRUDE
FILLET
CIRCLE
ARC
EXTRUDE
CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:
1. Model different part of a flange coupling using extrude,
revolve etc., feature

2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu.

a.Using insert component icon of property manager

insert base component next component to be
assemble.
3. Assemble using MATE feature.
4. Continue the inserting the component mating until the
entire component are assembled.
5. Save the assembly
6. Forms the main menu of solid works select the drawing
option.
7. Select the table-BOM
8. Place the BOM in the proper place. In the drawing
sheet save the drawing sheet

RESULT:
Thus the given screw jack is modeled & assembled
&different views are taken.

EXERCISE ON ASSEMBLEYOF STRAP JOINT WITH

GIB & COTTER
EX.NO:5
DATE:
AIM:
To model and assemble the strap joint of
Gib & Cotter as per the dimensions given and also
convert the 3D model into different views with bill of
materials.
COMMAND USED:
1. LINE
2. TRIM
3. REGION
4. SUBTRACT
5. COPY
6. MOVE
7. UNION
8. HIDE
9. EXTRUDE
10. FILLET
11. CIRCLE
12. ARC
13. CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:
1.

Model different part of a flange coupling using

extrude, revolve etc., feature

2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu.
3. Using insert component icon of property manager
insert base component next component to be assemble.
4. Assemble using MATE feature.
5. Continue the inserting the component mating until
the entire component are assembled.
6. Save the assembly.
7. Forms the main menu of solid works select the
drawing option.
8. Select the table-BOM
9. Place the BOM in the proper place. In the drawing
sheet save the drawing sheet

RESULT:
Thus the given strap joint of gibe cotter joint is
modeled & assembled &different views are taken.

EXERCISE ON MACHINE COMPONENTS OF VBLOCK

EX.NO:6
DATE:
AIM:
To draw the given part diagram of the
machine component of V-Block
COMMAND USED:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

LINE
TRIM
REGION
EXTRUDE
ARC
CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:
1. Select a sketch plane (front, top & side).
2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.
3. Dimension the model using smart dimensions icon.
4. Check the sketch is fully defined.
5. Extrude the sketch.
RESULT:
Thus the given part diagram of the machine
component of V-Block are taken.

EXERCISE ON MACHINE COMPONENTS OF

BUSHED BEARING
EX.NO:7
DATE:
AIM:
To draw the given part diagram of the machine
components of bushed bearing
COMMAND USED:
1. LINE
2. CIRCLE
3. TRIM
4. REGION
5. EXTRUDE
6. SUBTRACT
PROCEDURE:
1. Select a sketch plane (front, top & side).
2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.
3. Dimension the model using smart dimensions icon.
4. Check the sketch is fully defined.
5. Extrude the sketch.
RESULT:
Thus the given part diagram of the machine
components of bushed bearing are taken.

EXERCISE ON GEAR WHEEL-GENEVA

EX.NO:8
DATE:
AIM:
To draw the given part diagram of the Gear WheelGeneva
COMMAND USED:
1. LINE
2. CIRCLE
3. TRIM
4. ARRAY
5. REGION
6. EXTRUDE
7. ARC
8. CHAMFER
PROCEDURE:
1. Select a sketch plane (front, top & side).
2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.
3. Dimension the model using smart dimensions icon.
4. Check the sketch is fully defined.
5. Extrude the sketch.
RESULT:
Thus the given part diagram of the Gear Wheel-Geneva
are taken.

COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM

(CNC):
The use of a dedicated computer to perform the basic
numerical control functions is known as computer
numerical control system .the CNC provides a high degree
of flexibility and computational capability in computer
aided manufacturing (CAM)
ADVANTAGE OF CNC:
1. Part programs are stored in the computer it self
2. Punched tape & taps reader is used only once to enter
program in to the computer memory
3. The part program can be easily edited
4. It is easy to convert program written in one unit to
another unit such as imperial to metric unit and vice
versa
5. Repeated operations can be stored as a sub-routine
6. Advanced programming ability like mirroring, subroutine etc
7. Ability to store tool offset and tool compensation
8. Greater flexibility in manufacturing
9. Improved quality control.

G-CODE FOR TURNING

G-CODE

FUNCTION

G00

Rapid Traverse

G01

Liner Interpolation (Feed)

G02

Circular Interpolation (C.W)

G03

Circular Interpolation (CCW)

G04

Dwell

G20

Inch Data Input

G21

Metric Data Input (mm)

G28

Reference Point Return

G32

Thread Cutting

G40
Cancel

Tool Nose Radius Compensation

G41
Cancel-left

Tool Nose Radius Compensation

G42
Cancel-right

Tool Nose Radius Compensation

G50

Maximum Spindle Speed Setting

G70

Finishing Cycle

G71

Stock Removal in Turning

G72

Stock Removal in Facing

G73

Pattern Repeating

G74

Peck Drilling In Z-Axis

G75

Multiple Grooving In X- Axis

G76

Multiple Thread Cutting Cycle

G81

Grooving Along X-Axis

G90

Cutting Cycle

G92

Thread Cutting Cycle

G94

Cutting Cycle (Box Facing Cycle)

G96

Constant Surface Speed Control

G97

Constant Surface Speed Control Cancel

G98

Feed per Minute

G99

Feed per Revolution

M-CODES FOR TURNING

M00

PROGRAM STOP

M01

OPTIONAL STOP

M02

PROGRAM END

M03

SPINDLE ROTATION (CW)

M04

SPINDLE ROTATION (CCW)

M05

SPINDLE STOP

M06

TOOL CGANGE

M08

TOOL CHANGE

M09

COOLANT OFF

M10

VICE OPEN

M11

VICE CLOSE

M98

SUB PROGRAM STOP

M99

SUB PROGRAM EXIT

M30
REWIND

PROGRAM STOP AND

M70

X-AXIS MIRROR ON

M71

Y-AXIS MIRROR ON

M80

X-AXIS MIRROR OFF

M81

Y-AXIS MIRROR OFF

STEP TURNING
EX.NO:1
DATE:
AIM:
To perform the step turning operation in CNC simulation
software
PROCEDURE:
1. First give the specification of the billet.
2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit
window.
3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.
4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation
operation
PROGRAM:
BILLET X30

Z60

G21
G98
M06
T0101
M03
S1200
G00
X31
Z1
G90
X30
Z-40
X29.5
X29
X28.5
X28
G90 X28
Z-25
X27.5
X27
X26.5
X26
X25.5
X25
X24.5
X23.5
X22.5
X22

G90

X22
Z-10
X21.5
X21
X20.5
X20
G00 X31
Z1
G28 U0
W0
M05
M30

RESULT:
Thus the required shapes has been formed
by step turning operation in CNC simulation software

28

22

10

15

10
40

All dimensions are in mm

TAPPER TURNING
EX.NO:2
DATE:
AIM:
To perform the tapper turning operation in CNC
simulation software
PROCEDURE:
1. First give the specification of the billet.
2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in
edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of

entry.
4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation
operation
PROGRAME:
G21
M06
M03
G28
G00
G71
G71
N01
G01
G03
G01
G01
N02
G70
G28
M05
M30

G98
T0101
S1000
U0 W0
X31 Z1
U0.5 R1
P01 Q02 U0.1 W0.1 F30
G01 X0
Z0
X20 Z-10 R10
Z-25
X30 Z-35
G01 Z-50
P01 Q02 U0 W0 F40
U0 W0

RESULT:
Thus the required shape has been formed by
taper turning operation in CNC simulation software

MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE

EX.NO:3

DATE:
AIM:
To perform the multiple turning cycle
operation in CNC simulation software. Used in G71&
G70 codes
PROCEDURE:
1. First give the specification of the billet.
2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in
edit window.
3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of
entry.
4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation
operation
PROGRAME:
O 1006
(BILLET X38 Z90)
G21 G98 G40
M06 T0101
M03 S1200
G00 X38 Z1
G71 U0.5 R1
G71 P10 Q20 U0.5 W0 F30
N10 G01 X0
Z0
G01 X12 Z-6
G01 X12 Z -16
G03 X20 Z-24 R6

G01 X20 Z-36

G01 X30 Z-50

G01 X30 Z-62
N20 G03 X38 Z-70 R6
G70 P10 Q20
M01
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

RESULT:
Thus the required shape has been formed by
multiple turning cycles operation in CNC simulation
software.

GROOVING CYCLE
EX.NO:4
DATE:
AIM:
To perform the grooving cycle operation in CNC
simulation software. Used in G75 codes
PROCEDURE:
1. First give the specification of the billet.
2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit
window.
3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.
4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation
operation
PROGRAME:
O 1010
(BILLET X32 Z70)
G21 G98
M06 T0404
M03 S1000
G00 X35 Z-32
M01
G75 R1
G75 X20 W-10 P1000 Q1000 F30
M01
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

RESULT:
Thus the required shape has been formed by
multiple turning cycles operation in CNC simulation
software.

GROOVING AND THREAD CUTTING USING

CYCLE
EX.NO:5
DATE:
AIM:
To write a part program and simulate the tool
path for the given model using Fanuc controller.
PROCEDURE:
1. First give the specification of the billet.
2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit
window.
3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.
4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation
operation
PROGRAME:
O 0013
(BILLET X22 Z70)
G21 G97 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01

M03 S1000
G00 X22 Z1
G01 Z0 F50
G71 U0.5 R1
G71 P100 Q200 U0.2 W0.2
N100 G01 X14
Z-13
Z-30
X19
Z-40
N200 X22
M05

G28 U0 W0
M06 T02
M03 S1200
G00 X22 Z1
G70 P100 Q200
G28 U0 W0
M05
G28 U0 W0
M06 T03
M03 S250
G00 X14 Z1
G76 P031560 Q150 R0.15
G76 X14 Z10
G28 U0 W0
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

RESULT
Thus the part program for the given model is
written and verified through simulation

BOX THREADING CYCLE

EX.NO:6
DATE:
AIM:
To perform the box threading cycle
operation in CNC simulation software. Used in G92
codes
PROCEDURE:
1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit

window.
3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation

operation
PROGRAME:
O 1011
(BILLET X20 Z70)
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03 S1200
G00 X20 Z1
G90 X20 Z-45 F30
X19
X18
X17
X16
X15
X14

X13
X12
M01
G28
M06
M03
G00
G01
G92
X11

U0 W0
T0505
S150
X12 Z1
X12 Z0
X12 Z-30 F1.25

X90853
M01
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

RESULT:
Thus the required shape has been formed by box
threading cycles operation in CNC simulation software.

LINEAR WITH CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

EX.NO:7
DATE:
AIM:
To write a part program and simulate the tool path for
the given model using Fanuc controller.
PROCEDURE:
1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit

window.
3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.
4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation
operation
PROGRAME:
O 0010
(BILLET X90 Y 90 Z12)
G21 G94 G90
G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M06 T01 D06
M03 S1000
G00 X-15 Y-25 Z50
G01 Z-3 F50
X15
G03 X25 Y-15 R10
G01 Y15
G02 X15 Y15 R10
G01 X-25 Y -15

G02 X-15 Y-25 R10

G00 Z50
G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M05
`M30

RESULT:
Thus the part program for the given model is
written and verified through simulation

RECTANGULAR AND CIRCULAR

POCKETING
EX.NO:8

DATE:
AIM:
To write a part program and simulate the tool path for
the given model using Fanuc controller.
PROCEDURE:
1. First give the specification of the billet.
2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit
window.
3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.
4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation
operation
PROGRAME:
O 0011
(BILLET X90 Y90 Z12)
G21 G94 G90
G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M06 S1000
G00 X-20 Y -20 Z50
G01 Z-3 F50
X20
Y-20
Y-20
G00 X0 Y0 Z0
M05
M06 T02 D06
M03 S1000
G00 Z-5 F50
G00 Z50
G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M30
RESULT:

Thus the part program for the given model is written

and verified through simulate
MIRRORING CYCLE
EX.NO:9
DATE:
AIM:
To write a part program and simulate the tool path for the
given model using Fanuc controller.
PROCEDURE:
1. First give the specification of the billet.
2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit
window.
3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.
4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation
operation
PROGRAME:
O 1015
(BILLET X100 Y100 Z10)
(TOOLDEF T1 D5)
(EDGEMOVE X-50 Y-50)
G21 G94 G40 G91
G28 X0 Y0
G90
M06 T1
M03 S1500
G00 X0 Y0 Z5
G98 P0011234

M70
M98 P0011234
M80
M71
M98 P0011234
M81
M70
M71

M98 P0011234
M80
M81
G91
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30
SUBPROGRAM
O 1234
G00 X15 Y15
G01 X15 Y15 Z-1 F30
G01 X35 Y15
G03 X15 Y15 R20
G01 X15 Y15
G00 X15 Y15 Z5
G00 X0 Y0
M99

RESULT:
Thus the part program for the given model is
written and verified through simulation