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EXPERIMENT NO. 3
TESTING OF SAMPLES
28TH January 2015
Submitted by-
HARSHIKA SHRIVASTAVA
2014CET2779
EXPERIMENT NO.3
Testing of Samples
Objective:
Testing of samples for 7 days strength using Compression testing machine and non- destructive
test using UPV tester and Rebound Hammer.
Reference:
IS 13311(Pat1): 1991
IS 13311(Part2):1992
IS 14858: 2000
Apparatus used:
i. Ultra sonic Pulse Velocity Tester- Electrical pulse generator, Transducer, Carbon rod,
UPV gel, Electronic timing device
ii. Rebound Hammer
iii. Compression testing machine
UPV TEST:
Theory:
Ultrasonic scanning is a recognised non-destructive evaluation test to qualitatively asses
the homogeneity and integrity of concrete.This test essentially consists of measuring
travel time, T of ultrasonic pulse of 50 to 54 kHz, produced by an electro-acoustical
transducer, held in contact with one surface of the concrete member under test and
receiving the same by a similar transducer in contact with the surface at the other end.
With the path length L, (i.e. the distance between the two probes) and time of travel T, the
pulse velocity (V=L/T) is calculated. Higher the elastic modulus, density and integrity of
the concrete, higher is the pulse velocity. The ultrasonic pulse velocity depends on the
density and elastic properties of the material being tested.
Laboratory Apparatus
Procedure:
The samples (cubes, cylinders and prisms) were then unmolded after 1 day of casting and
cured in a water tank for 7 days.
On the 7th day the samples were taken out from the water tank. Out of 6 cubes
(150X150X150 ) dimensions, 3 cubes were tested in non-destructive manner using UPV
and Rebound Hammer.
Calibration is carried out using the black carbon rod by applying grease on the faces of
the rod and the probes.
Grease is applied on the faces of the concrete cube where the test is to be conducted.
Probes are pressed on the surface of structural element so as to remove air gaps and the
distance between the two probes is noted down.
Time taken for the ultrasonic pulse velocity to travel between the probes is noted down
from the apparatus.
Observations:
Sample
No.
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Dimensions
(cms)
15.4X15.4
15.2X15.2
15.5 X15.5
Transmission
time (s)
37.5
37.2
37.1
Pulse velocity
(Km/s)
4.10
4.03
4.17
Remarks
Good
Good
Good
Procedure:
1. 3 specimens were taken which were already tested using UPV test.
2. The surface is cleaned using a dry cloth.
3. The hammer is pressed horizontally on the cube surface directly at the centre of the every
square.
4. After it is completely pressed a click sound is heard. And then the lock button is pressed
to view the reading.
5. Take the readings on the 2 sides of specimen.
6. Take the average of readings to get the representative index or hardness.
Observations:
CUBE 1
CUBE 2
CUBE 3
15.5X15.5X
15.4X15.4X15.4
15.2X15.2X
NUMBE
15.5
16
16
18
15
15
16
14
14
15
14
16
16
14
12
12
16
15
16
12
16
15.2
20
19
16
20
20
19
19
16
22
16
RS
Average
15.3
REBOUN
D
14.5
18.7
Graph
Note: The manufacturers calibration graph represents the rebound values from 20-55
for cube compressive strength interpretations where the compressive strength
corresponding to 20 rebound number is 16MPa. The observed values are lower than 20
ranging from 15.3 to 18.7. Hence from the graph given it can be said that the compressive
strength of the cubes will be lesser than 16 MPa.
Procedure:
1. Before testing of cubes, the machine was calibrated for rate of loading using a knob at the
side of the machine.
2. The cubes were now tested on the face perpendicular to the casting face.
3. The compression machine exerts a constant progressing force on the cubes till they fail,
the rate of loading was set to 25.2kg/cm2/min.
4. When the sample fails then the reading of the first needle is noted down.
5. The reading at failure is used to calculate the compressive strength of the cubes.
Strength Calculations:
Rate of Loading (ROL)
ROL=
AxRmx 100
C
= 25.2 kg/cm2/min.
Dimensions(mm)
155 X 155X155
152 X 152X152
154 X 154X154
(1Mpa=10.197kg.cm2)
44.0
41.0
34.0
18.314
17.745
14.336
Result:
16.798MPa.
Discussion:
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) testing of concrete is based on the pulse velocity method
to provide information on the uniformity of concrete, cavities, cracks and defects.
The pulse velocity in a material depends on its density and its elastic properties which in
turn are related to the quality and the compressive strength of the concrete. It is therefore
possible to obtain information about the properties of components by sonic
investigations.
The rebound hammer can provide a fairly accurate estimate of concrete compressive
strength. Because it is a non- destructive testing device, it can be used on finished
concrete structures, such as precast concrete septic tanks.
The observed values for rebound number are lower than 20 ranging from 15.3 to 18.7.
Hence from the graph given it can be said that the compressive strength of the cubes will
be lesser than 16 MPa. It is an indicative test of hardness and sample is tested for 7 day
strength.
A considerable variation was observed in the results obtained from rebound hammer test
and that done in compression testing machine. This can be attributed to Errors in