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Line Protection
system
voltage
10
MAX 7850A
MIN 3920A
2690A
2003A
1395A
1182A
500/5
400/5
200/5
100/5
R4
R3
R2
R1
B
120A
170A
80A
E
50A
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12
13
14
Distance Relaying
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Distance Relaying
ZONES OF PROTECTION
Zone 2
- 100% of the protected line
- Plus 50% of the next shortest line (to deal with
possible under-reach)
Zone 3
- 100% of the protected line
- Plus 100% of longest second line
- Plus 25% of longest third line (to provide back-up)
University of the Philippines
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
16
Distance Relaying
500 MVA fault
@ 115 kV
34.5 kV
36kV/
120V
400/5
Transformers
50MVA, 115/34.5kV
Z = 10%
Transmission Lines
Z1 = 2.5 + j5
Zo = 7.5 + j20.5
34.5 kV
Radial Feeders
Z1 = 3.5 + j7
Zo = 10.5 +j28.7
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Pilot Relaying
Pilot Relaying is an adaptation of the principles of
differential relaying that avoids the use of control cable
between terminals for fast clearing of faults of
transmission lines
Communication Channels
Power Line Carrier (PLC)
Microwave
Fiber Optics
Pilot Wire
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Pilot Relaying
Directional Comparison
Blocking Scheme
Unblocking Scheme
Tripping Scheme
Underreaching Transfer Trip
Overreaching Transfer Trip
Phase Comparison
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Sequence Coordination
Even with coordinated Fast Curves, nuisance momentary
interruptions occur for faults cleared by downstream recloser
Sequence:
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