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TUESDAY, 21 FEBRUARY 2012

TOP DOWN CONSTRUCTION

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Concurrent above and below grade construction

Conventionally, buildings with underground basements are built by bottom-up method
where sub-structure and super-structure floors are constructed sequentially from the
bottom of the sub-structure or lowest level of basement to the top of the super-structure.
Though this conventional method, also called as bottom-up method, is simple in both
design and construction, it is not feasible for the gigantic projects with limited
construction time and/or with site constraints. Top-down construction method as the
name implies, is a construction method, which builds the permanent structure members
of the basement along with the excavation from the top to the bottom. Top-down method
is mainly used for two types of urban structures, tall buildings with deep basements and
underground structures such as car parks, underpasses and subway stations. In this case
the basement floors are constructed as the excavation progresses. The top/down method
has been used for deep excavation projects where tieback installation was not feasible
and soil movements had to be minimized. Top-down construction method which
provides the significant saving of the overall construction time has been adopted for
some major projects where time factor is of primary importance. The sequence
construction begins with retaining wall installation and then load-bearing elements that
will carry the future super-structure. The basement columns (typically steel beams) are
constructed before any excavation takes place and rest on the load bearing elements.
These load bearing elements are typically concrete barrettes constructed under slurry (or
caissons).

PROCEDURE
The typical construction procedure of top down construction is as follows
Construct the retaining wall.

AMAZON

Construct piles. Place the steel columns or stanchions where the piles are

constructed.
Proceed to the first stage of excavation.

Cast the floor slab of first basement level

Begin to construct the superstructure

Proceed to the second stage of excavation; cast the floor slab of the second

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DAMP-

PROOFING IN
RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING

basement level.
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Repeat the same procedure till the desired depth is reached

Construct the foundation slab and ground beams, etc. Complete the basement

Keep constructing the superstructure till it gets finished.

Materials
used for damp
proofing Definition
of...
WATER

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PROOFING FOR
ROOFS
Terrace is the most
crucial segment of a
building, and it is
exposed to direct
climatic variations,
extremes of rainfall
and structural ...

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INSTALLATION OF RETAINING WALL

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CONSTRUCTION
Concurrent above
and below grade
construction
Conventionally,
buildings with
underground
basements are built
by bottom-up ...

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The underground retaining wall which is usually a diaphragm wall, is installed before
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The soil is excavated just below roof slab level of the underground structure. Struts are
installed to support the retaining walls, which in turn support the soil at the sides
Construction of underground structure

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Damp proofing in
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The roof slab is constructed, with access openings provided on the slab for works to
proceed downwards. The roof slabs not only provides a massive support across the .
Construction of underground structure

MARINE PILING PROCEDURE &

COMPONENTS
Pile Foundations Pile
foundations are the
part of a structure
used to carry and
transfer the load of
the structure to the
bearing grou...
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MATERIALS IN
CONSTRUCTION
(CONCRETE)

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The next level of slab is constructed, and this process progresses downwards till the
base slab is completed
Construction of underground structure

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(Aluminium
Formwork)

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The side walls are constructed upwards, followed by removal of the intermediate
struts. The access openings on the roof slab are then sealed.
Backfilling and reinstatement

DAMPPROOFING IN
RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING
WATER
PROOFING
FOR ROOFS
NEW
TECHNOLOGI
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FING IN
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concrete for
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footing.
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After the underground structure is completed, the soil is backfilled to the top strut level
before the strut is removed. This is followed by completely backfilling the top of the
underground structure and finally reinstating the surface areas.

STRUCTURAL MEMBERS REQUIRED FOR TOP-DOWN

CONSTRUCTION (Top Down Construction- Part 2)

Posted by The Civil Engineer at 09:47

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Top comments

didi rd 1 year ago - Shared publicly

great.. but i hope can be show on detail the top down process from the high rise to
the low rise and build up to new design build project construction ..
1 Reply

sitaram 2 years ago

i cannot understand so ple sent to my mail id mareddy004@mail,com

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