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Set No: 1

Code No:- V3118/R07

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, April/May - 2012

ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(Electronics and Communications Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1. (a) Derive the relationship between directivity and effective area, directivity and effective
length.
(b) Define
(i) Radiation Intensity
(ii) Beam Area
(iii) Effective Height
(iv)Resolution
[8+8]

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2. (a) Give the expression for electric field due to current element. Find the distance from a
radiating element with 60Hz current such that radiation and induction fields are equal.
(b) What is short magnetic Di-pole? How is it realized?
[8+8]

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3. (a)What is the necessity of an array? Explain the three different types of arrays with regard
to beam pointing direction.
(b) 64 isotropic elements are to be arranged in a binomial array form. Determine the
current ratios and find polar plot of the array.
[8+8]

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4. (a) Explain in detail the constructional features of helical antenna?

(b) Compare the requirements and radiation characteristics of resonant and non resonant
radiators.
[8+8]

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5. (a)Establish and explain the gain and beam width relations for a parabolic reflector and
account for its beam shaping considerations.
(b)Write short notes on: Casssegrainian antennas.
[8+8]

6. (a) Write short notes on

(i)Accelerating lenses
(ii)Bandwidth and tolerance of lenses
(b) How is the field pattern of the Receiving Antenna experimentally determined?
Explain it with a neat block diagram.
[8+8]
7. (a)Account for the type of propagation and the associated characteristics for medium wave
radio broadcasting signals.
(b) Define and Distinguish between the terms: MUF, LUHF, Optimum Frequency. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain the phenomenon of duct propagation.
(b) Write short notes on
(i) M curves and their characteristics.
(ii) Tropo Scatter Propagation of EM waves.
*****
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[8+8]

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Set No: 2

Code No:- V3118/R07

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, April/May - 2012

ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(Electronics and Communications Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1. Find the effective length of /2 dipole and /4 monopole. Hence calculate their
directivities using the appropriate radiating resistances.
[16]
2. (a)What are short antennas? Estimate the radiation resistances of short dipoles and short
monopoles. Explain their current distribution with neat sketches.
(b)Explain, sketch and compare radiation patterns of horizontal halfwave dipole with
those of vertical halfwave dipole.
8+8]

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3. (a)How an unidirectional pattern is obtained in an end fire array? Explain in detail?

(b)List out the mathematical relations for a N element half wavelength spaced binomial
array. Hence find the directivity, HPBW for N=20.
[8+8]

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4. (a) Explain how rhombic antenna is formed by a V-antenna and an inverted V-antenna.
(b)Differentiate between travelling wave antennas and standing wave antennas? [8+8]

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5. (a) With reference to paraboloides, Explain the following:

(i)Aperture efficiency
(ii)Front to back ratio
(iii)Types of feeds
(b)Design yagi-Uda antenna of 6 elements to provide a gain of 12dB if the operating
frequency is 200 MHz.
[8+8]

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6. (a) What is zoning? What are its advantages?

(b)Discuss the applications of Horn antenna. Sketch the sectoral horns.

[8+8]

7. (a)Discuss the importance of ground wave propagation for communication purposes.

Why ground waves are not received beyond certain range. Explain the phenomenon.
(b) Establish the effects of D-Layer in sky wave propagation.
[10+6]
8. With neat diagrams, explain the important features of different types of space wave
propagation of electromagnetic waves over long distance even beyond the horizon. For
what frequency range this is applicable and why?
[16]
*****

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Set No: 3

Code No:- V3118/R07

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, April/May - 2012

ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(Electronics and Communications Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1. (a)Define reciprocity theorem and prove it in case of a antenna system.
(b)Show that for a Hertzian dipole, the aperture area is 0.12 2 and for a halfwave
dipole, it is 0.13 2 . And for an isotropic, it is 0.08 2 . Explain the relation used. [8+8]
2. (a)Find the radiation resistance and directivity of a circular loop antenna of 20cms
diameter at a frequency of 100 MHz. What happens?
i) If the loop is changed into a square loop of same area.
ii) If the no. of terms of the circular loop is doubled.
(b)What are the advantages and disadvantages of binomial array?
[8+8]

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3. (a)A linear broad side array consists of four equal elements in phase point sources with
/3 spacing. Calculate and field pattern. Also find the directivity and beam width.
(b) Distinguish between ordinary EFA and BSA with increased directivity and compare
them.
[10+6]

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4. (a) Explain how rhombic antenna is formed by a V-antenna and an inverted V-antenna.
(b)Explain the reason why length of a travelling wave radiation is multiple of half
wavelength.
[8+8]

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5. (a) Compare the requirements and radiation characteristics of resonant and non resonant
radiators.
(b)Determine the lengths and spacing requirements for a 3-element Yagi-Uda antenna
array at 500MHz, and explain it characteristics.
[6+10]

6. (a)What is the principle of equality of path length? How is it applicable to horn antenna?
(b)Discuss how the directivity of horn antenna can be measured.
[8+8]
7. (a) Discuss the importance of ground wave propagation for communication purposes.
(b) What is wave tilt and how does it affect the field strength received at a distance from
the transmitter.
[8+8]
8. (a)Discuss the phenomenon and effect of the reflection of radio waves by earths surface.
(b)Explain the principle of operation of terrestrial line of sight of communication. [8+8]
*****

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Set No: 4

Code No:- V3118/R07

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, April/May - 2012

ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(Electronics and Communications Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1. (a) Define and explain the following terms.
i) Gain
ii) Directivity iii) Radiation resistance iv) Bandwidth
(b)A source has bidirectional power pattern with a radiation intensity of U=4sin. Find
the directivity and HPBW sketching the pattern.
[8+8]
2. (a)Derive expressions for the electric and magnetic fields radiated by a half wavelength
dipole antenna.
(b)A grounded vertical antenna has an effective height of 111.3m and operates at a
wavelength of 18.8 Km, with base current of 725A, Find the E and H fields at a distance
of 150 Km and power radiated by it.
[8+8]

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3. (a)What is array factor? Find the array factor of 4 element array?

(b)For an array of 2 identical infinitesimal dipoles oriented with a separation of D and
phase excitation difference B between the elements, find the angles of observation where
the nulls of the array occurs. The magnitude of excitation of the elements is same. [8+8]

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4. (a)Explain the constructional features and distinguish between unidirectional and

bidirectional V-Antennas.
(b)Discuss the characteristics, merits and demerits of a folded dipole, with and without
parasitic elements.
[8+8]

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5. (a) With a neat sketch explain the image formation for the case of 450 corner reflector.
(b) Write short notes on diffraction effects in plane sheet reflectors.
[8+8]

6. (a)Distinguish between sectoral, pyramidal and conical horns, with neat sketches. List out
their utility and applications.
(b)With neat setup, explain the absolute method of measuring the gain of an antenna.
[8+8]
7. (a)For vertical incidence, determine the critical frequency for reflection by the ionosphere
if maximum value of electron density is 1.24 X 106 /CC. What happens if the angle of
incidence is changed in to 600. Establish the relations used.
(b) Describe any two types of fading normally encountered in radio wave propagation.
How are the problems of fading overcome?
[8+8]
8. (a) What is LOS propagation? Under what conditions it can exists?
(b) Explain the formation of inversion layer in the troposphere in the phenomenon of duct
propagation.
[8+8]
*****
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