504

PR

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

3.3. A solid dielectric cylinder of length L and radius a is uniformly polarized with
Determine the electric field along the
cylmder aXIs both wlthm and outside the cylinder.
3.4. For a field strength of 3 X 10 6 volts per meter determine the relative displace
ment and nucleus and electron cloud for He and Ne. Compare with the radius of
the atom.
3.6. An infinite dielectric slab of thickness t is placed in a uniform external field E .
The slab is inclined at an angle () to the field E o. Find the angle 01 such that th~
electric lines of flux in the slab make !tn angle 02 = 7r/4 with the sides of the slab, i.e.,
so that 02 = 7r/4. The dielectric constant is K = 4. Find the density of surface
polarization charge on the two faces of the slab.
po~rizatio~ P, where P is dirccted axially.

and show that this capacitance is cqual t

of the air-filled section and the dielectric
HINT: Note that the field E, is indeper
difference between the cylioders.
3.9. A coaxial c!tble consists of a copp
a solid dielectric of permittivity 4.8 to a 1'1
a radius of 2.0 centimeters. The diele
40 X 10 3 kilovolts per meter, whilc tha
meter. Find the value of To and the val
stress in both media.
3.10. Show that

HINT:

Consider

J V.
V

('1' A) dv, wher

utilize the divergence theorem.

3.11. Prove that the following relatioJ
equivalent volume and surface charge d

FIG. P 3.5

FIG. P 3.6

3.6. (a) Consider two coaxial cylinders of inner radius a and outer radius b, as illus
trated. The space between. cylinders is filled with a dielectria with permittivity
= K'O. Find the capacitance per meter length of cylinders.
(b) For a given difference of potential between the inner and outer conductors
determine the magnitude of b/a that causes the greatest value of E to be a minimum
under the restriction that the radius b is fixed.
3.7. Consider two coaxial cylinders, the inner havng a radius a and the outer a
radius e. The space a < T < b, where b < e, s filled with a dielectrc with a dielectrc
constant K. Find the capacitance per unit length. Show that the capacitance C is
equal to the series capacitan ce of C l and C 2, where C, is given in Probo 3.6 and C 2 is
the capacitance of an air-filled coaxial cylinder capacitor with inner radius b and outer
radius e.

In the above, r is the position vector fr

RllZ.

HINT:

Note that

Jv x v P dv Jv
=

and z.
3.12. Consider an arbitrary distribu
and let the potential at the ith charge d

where Tj s the separation of the ith

charges located at the same pOlotS but
corresponding to which the pote. t,ial at

<Z>

Show that

FrG. P 3.7

FlG. P 3.8

3.8. Consider two coaxial cylinders with the intervening space O < O < O, filled
with a dielectric witb a dielectric constant K. Find the capacitan ce per unit length,

Tbis result is known 88 Green's recipro

3.13. (a) Given N conducting bodies
on the ith body is Q. and for another i

PROBLEMS

lus a i. lIDiformly polarized with

. e tbe electric field along the
determiDe the relative displace

e. Compare with the radius of

in a lIDiform external field E o.
o, such that the
"",ith the sides of the slab, i.e.,
FiDd tbe density of surface

rmd the angle

505

and show that this capacitance is equal to the parallel combination of the capacitances
of the air-filled section and the dielectric-filled section.
HINT: Note that the field E r is independent of Oand depends only on the potential
difference between the cylinders.
S.9. A coaxial cable consists of a copper inner conductor of 0.5 centimeter radius,
a solid dielectric of permittivity 4.8 to a radius ro, and a layer of oil (K = 2.4) froro ro to
a radius of 2.0 centimeters. The dielectric strength of the solid dielectric is E d =
40 X lO" kilovolts per meter, while that for the oil is E o = 30 X lO" kilovolts per
meter. Find the value of ro and the value of potential that wil! result in maximum
stress in both media.
S.10. Show that

HINT:

Consider

Jv \l . ('l'A) dv,

where A is a constant vector and 'l'

E', and

utilize the divergence theorem.

3.11. Prove that the fol!owing relationship exists between the polarization P and
equivalent volume and surface charge densities PP and P,p for an arbitrary volume V:

Fra. P 3.6

a aDd outer radius b, as il!us

a dielectric with permittivity
linders.
e iODer aod outer conductors
t vallle of E to be a minimum
a radius a and the outer a
lrith a dielectric with a dielectric
10\\' th~t the capacitance C is
is p;iv o iD Probo 3.6 and C 2 is
",ith inner radius b and outer

P dv =

J ppr dv + Js p,pr dS
V

In the aboye, r is the position vector from an arbitrary origin, and r

a.z.
HINT:

Note that

a,x

+ a.y +

Jv x\l . P du = Jv \l' Px dv - Jv p. \lx dv, and similarly for y

and z.
3.12. Consider an arbitrary distribution of point charges qi (i = 1, 2, . . . , n),
and let the potential at the ith charge due to al! others be given by '1>;; that is,

where ri; is the separation of the ith and jth charge. Consider another system of
charges located at the same points but with magnitudes
(i = 1, 2, 3 . . . ,n) and
corresponding to which the potential at the ith point is 4>;, where

q;

,-1

Show that

'ng space O < !J

<

!JI filled

capacitance per unit length,

This result is known as Green's reciprocation theorero.

3.13. (a) Given N conducting bodies where under one set of eonditions the charge
on the ith body is Q. and for another it is Q;. Corresponding to each charge system

CHAPTER

(6.113)

Problems

395

The molecules o a polar gas have a perroanent dipole moment of 1.5 debye units. What
externally applied field strength s needed to cause an orientational polarization which is
0.5 percent of the saturation value? Assume that the temperature is 20C.
The dipole moment of a water molecule is 1.87 debye units. Neglecting electronic and
onic polarizabiJities, estimate the dielectric constant of water at OC.

(6.114)
~ c:haracteristics di:,;

to inc:lude magnetil:

Ilng Company, AI11

; and Waves, \V. H.

Show that the interionic force between the positive and negative ions of a salt will de
crease by an order of magnitude when the saJt is dissoJved in water. This effect plays a
prominent role in keeping the salt in soJution.
With the aid of Figure 6.11, estimate the permanent dipole moment of CHaCJ and the
reJative strength of its orientational polarizability.
A comroercial 400 volt d.c. paper-insulated tubular capacitor for use in electronic com
ponents has 0.1 microfarads of capacitance. Exclusive of the exterior plastic shell it con
sists of two sheets of foil 0.0005 in. thick, interleaved by two sheets of papel' 0.001 in.
thick, with the assembly wound into a circular cylinder -le in. in diameter and 1 ~ in. long.
What is the relative dielectrie constant of the paper?
.ID Find the polarization density in the capacitor of the preceding probJem, if a papel' of

relative dielectric constant 2.4 is used and 400 volts is applied.

t, Ne\\' Jersey, 1957.

., EnglclVood Cliffs,
1958.

nd Sons, lile., New

'ctromagnetic Fields,

6.11 If a uniform fieJd E o is set up in a dielectric of permittivity

find the strength of the

field in a spherical cavity inside the dielectrico

8.12 Figure 6.18 indieates two drops in the spontaneous polarization of BaTiO a, as measured
along a eube edge. These oeeur when the direetion of polarization ehanges from being
parallel to a cube edge, to being parallel to a face diagonal, and then to being parallel to
a body diagonal. Use the experimental data of Figure 6.19 to show that the total spon
taneous polarization is essentially constant below 300 o K.
6.13 Barium titanate has an index of refraction n = 2.4. Assuming that the Clausius-MossotM

Ir!!, Addison- \V "ley

equation is applicable, show that the electronic polarizabiJity is approximately one and
a half times as great as the spontaneous ionic polarizabiJity.

rel Univel'sity Press,

6.14 A charge q is placed at the center of a dielectric shell of inner radius a, outer radius b, and
relative dielectric constant E r . What is the change in energy of the system if the charge is
removed to infinity?

teyand Sons, Inc.,

G.l5 Show that a conducting metal1ic sphere of radius a has a polarizability ex = 471"oa 3 _ If an
artificial dielectric is constructed by using N sLlch conducting spheres per unit volume,

!J, Vol. 1, Thomas

find the relative static dielectric constant. What would be the frequency dependence of
the perm~ivity oE tftis array? .
G.16 Show that E.suatin (L.3) of Appendix 1 is applicable to the case of permanent dipoles
which osciTate about central pointing directions with (Pj representing the retarded

orientation of the polarization density.

xterior region to
10-- 40 farad m 2.
the free electron.

uniform field of
al dipoles which
be l, with l d.

6.17 In parallel with the development in Appendix 1, find the magnetic vector potential
function due to a collection of osciUating dipoles which represent a dielectric materia!.
Show that the equivalent time-harmonic currents are consistent with the equivalent time
harmonic charge densities of Equation (1.3).