Shayne Rebello

Mr. DiCarlo
SPH3U1
Friday December 6, 2012
No magic show: Real-world levitation to inspire better pharmaceuticals
By Jared Sagoff
Argonne National Library
It s not a magic trick and it s not sleight of hand
scientists really are using levi
tation to improve the drug development process, eventually yielding more effecti
ve pharmaceuticals with fewer side effects.
Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory ha
ve discovered a way to use sound waves to levitate individual droplets of soluti
ons containing different pharmaceuticals. While the connection between levitatio
n and drug development may not be immediately apparent, a special relationship e
merges at the molecular level.
At the molecular level, pharmaceutical structures fall into one of two categorie
s: amorphous or crystalline. Amorphous drugs typically are more efficiently take
n up by the body than their crystalline cousins; this is because amorphous drugs
are both more highly soluble and have a higher bioavailability, suggesting that
a lower dose can produce the desired effect.
One of the biggest challenges when it comes to drug development is in reducing th
e amount of the drug needed to attain the therapeutic benefit, whatever it is, sa
id Argonne X-ra?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? however sadly, t
hroughout his lifetime he had to endure terrible hardships. His music was influe
ntial to say the least, and tod?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
artistry captivated me. After reading up on his life for a music history project
, I learned that Beethoven was truly a gifted p?????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????%?????????
??????%??????J???
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????ano, classical music has always
been one of my favorite genres. While other raved about the newest rap or hip-h
op song, I prefer???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Because the ac
oustic pressure from the sound waves is sufficient to cancel the effect of gravit
y, light objects are able to lev????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????t as if
these substances want to find a way to become crystalline. If during the process
of evaporation, the pharmaceuticals co?????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????to come up with a process that would eliminate the need for a container t
o house the pharmaceuticals during the evaporation proc?????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????akers are precisely aligned, they create two sets of soun
d waves that perfectly interfere with each other, setting up a phenomen?????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????? being processed, said Rick Weber, who work
s on the project team at the synchrotron.
The acoustic levitator uses two small spea??????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????rless processing can form pristine samples that can be probed in situ w
ith the high-energy X-ray beam at Argonne s ??????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????al Property Development and Commercialization.
Getting pharmaceuticals from solution into an amorphous state, however, is no eas
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????hapter 9- to create a perfect in
terference pattern which in turn results in a stationary standing wave. This is
accomplished by ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????eutical structur
es fall into one of two categories: amorphous or crystalline. Amorphous drugs ty
pically are more efficiently tak????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??(n???????????????????????????????n???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ce
ss, eventually yielding more effective pharmaceuticals with fewer side effects.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????Gq??ppGq??pp?(?????????????????????????????(
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(?????????
???????????????????e(???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????(?????????
???????????????????(?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(?????
?????????????????????????(?????????
? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????(???????????????????????????????(????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????(??????????????????????????????(?????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????(?????????????????????????????(?????????
? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(???????????
???????????????????(?????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????(??????????????
????? ????????????(???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????