CHAPTER I

The Problem and its Background

INTRODUCTION

Ever wondered for once that waste that you throw has other
uses if you really think about it. Well we, the researchers
thought about it and we discovered that orange peelings can be
used as candles. Isnt that great? With this new discovery we can
provide a new source of energy that can guarantee to help people
especially those living in rural areas because with this we can
provide them a perfect solution to their money wasting problems
like decreasing the bill for electricity as our study will
guarantee a longer lasting candle that isnt tight on the budget
of poverty stricken families. We also can benefit and learn that
every waste that we throw can be recycled into new things that
will increase our knowledge about the world we live in today also
give us life benefits to greater improve our society. Our
research also aims to inspire other fellow scientists to discover
more things about oranges and other materials that can be
recycled into greater things.

Background of the study

The study is all about figuring out a new way to use

biodegradable waste like orange peelings in a new way. This
research will focus on orange peelings which are not visible to
people that it has use and also by conducting this research, it
will help us to recycle and enhance our crafty skills in using
orange peelings as decorative candles. The researchers conducted
this study not only for personal intentions but especially for
the people who would like to save up and lessen their electrical
bill. The product will be produce is surely convenient and very
useful. This study may help many people in saving up and letting
their creative side bloom.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main purpose of the study is to find out the effects of

orange (Citrus sinesis) peelings as a different source of candle
light. Specifically the study also aims to answer the following
questions:

1. How long does the orange candle lasts longer than the
original candle?
2.How long does the orange candle lasts?
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3. Will the amount of oil added contribute to adding the

amount of time the orange candle lasts?
If so then how long?

HYPOTHESIS

Null There is no significant effect of orange peelings as

a different source of candle light.

Alternative Orange Peeling is an effective different

source of light and its very helpful and convenient to
everyone.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Orange is good to our body because of the Vitamin C they

produced but after eating up that fruit you throw away the peel,
did you know that the peeling of the orange can be use
afterwards? It can be use as an alternative candle and even
produced a citrus fruit scent and perfect for anti- mosquitoes
and also using orange peelings as your source of light can
decrease your electrical bill and saves enough money.
The present study informs the researchers to understand that
Orange Peelings has a benefit and use. The study will help the
Researchers enhance their eco-friendly and creative minds work.

To our Society

Our study will help decrease the weight of their budget

they have of electricity especially with the price hike going on
with electricity companies this will help them focus on more
daily needs than on other menial things.

To our Country
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Our study will help decrease the trash found on the streets
as our study will provide the inspiration needed for people
to find other uses for their wastes to their convenience
rather than just throwing them away mindlessly and also
decreases the pollution amount of burning away fossils to
make electricity.

To all the Scientist

Our study will provide them the knowledge of thinking

more ways to do with the peelings of not only oranges but
other fruits as well that will help greatly in the benefit
of the lifestyle of the people.

To the Government
This will help them with less things to worry about in
the prices of electricity as that is a huge problem with its
prices going high and with less rallies about to decrease
the prices of it.

To the Environment
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Our study will help lessen the amount of trash thrown on

rivers and lakes so that they can once flourish again and provide
food and home for the living organisms there also it will help
decrease the flood problem that our country is having today.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The research focuses on using Orange Peelings as Alternative

source of light. With this, the researchers will be formulating
the Candle using Orange Peelings.

The study was conducted and observed inside the campus of

Dominican School Manila, SY (2014-2015).

The

experimentation

that

will

be

performed

is

for

the

discovery of effectiveness of Orange Peelings as a different

source of light.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The Researchers gathered the needed materials in able to

perform the experimentation of the candle. The materials needed
are Orange Peelings, oil, match or anything that can light the
candle wick and knife or any sharp objects that can cut the
orange in half. After the preparation of the materials the
researchers will now make the candle. The researchers will
observe and gather all the data of the experimentation to be
analyzed formulate a conclusion.

INPUT
Orange
Peelings
Oil
Match or
anything to
light the
candle wick
Knife to cut
the orange in
half

PROCESS
Making of
Candle
Experimentation
Gathering of
Data

DEFINITION OF TERMS

OUTPUT
Analysis
Conclusion

Candle wick - is usually braided cotton that holds the flame of

a candle or oil lamp for a set period of time depending upon the
amount of wick.

Rural Area - is a geographic area that is located outside cities

and towns.

CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Related Studies

RELATED LITERATURE

According to Healthy Lifestyle,2004, Fruit Peelings is very

rich in essential oils, which gives characteristic aroma to the
fruit. These oil glands are spread all over the peel but denser
near its pits. These oil glands are quite uniquely prominent in
citrus fruits like lemons, and oranges which shows that oranges
contain oil needed to light or prolong a fire needed to start a
candle.

According

to Barry Bearak, July 13 2003, New York Times

Families often endure this hungry period on a single meal a day,

sometimes nothing more than a foraged handful of greens. Last
year's food crisis was the worst in living memory. It means that
there are people who cant even buy enough food to feed their
families so why bother buying a candle you are just spending more
money instead you can save your money for food and also be able
to light your house at the same time by recycling orange peelings
after you eaten the oranges.

According to Gonzales Iris, March 26 2014, An additional

7.5 centavos per kilowatt-hour will be imposed in the monthly
generation charge of electricity consumers for a period of six
months after the

Manila Electric Co. (Meralco) sought to recover

unbilled charges for January amounting to 45 centavos per kwh.

This means that the price of electricity is going higher and
higher and wont seem to stop anytime soon so why waste more money
on electricity when you can just light a orange candle that lasts
for 6 hours of light.

According to Anderson Caryl Orange peels are particularly

effective for use as a natural fertilizer. They rot quickly if
you bury them, offering rich stores for vital nutrients to the
soil, including potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium
and sodium. You can dry and grind peels to use as mulch, or apply
them directly to planting areas. This shows that with our
experiments help people will find more uses for wastes like
orange peelings and recycle them to help benefit our country.

According to Dayton Daily News, July 16 2010, The reason

why the river and our neighborhoods are so littered with trash is
because people dont seem to care where they dispose of their
garbage, be it out the car window, on sidewalks, wherever. Im
constantly cleaning up my front yard of debris so instead of
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people throwing their trash here and there our study will show a
good example that even useless thing like fruit peelings can be
recycled to something new.

According to Healthy Lifestyle,2004, Oranges contain a lot

of Vitamins that will help increase the body strength and
resistance to sickness like Vitamin A and C. so our study also
helps in maintaining the proper intake of vitamins the body
needs.

According to The health site, orange peelings help keep

mosquitoes and ants at bay: The citric smell of orange is a
great deterrent for mosquitoes and ants. So simply applying a
little orange oil on your body or spreading some crushed
orange powder in the areas that ants enter your house help
naturally keep this critters away.

RELATED STUDIES
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According to Murugan, Kumar, Kovendan, Amerasan, Subrmaniam,

Hwang (2012), The genus Citrus of the family Rutaceae includes
about 17 species distributed throughout the tropical and
temperate regions

(Shaw 1977; Davies and Albrigo

1994). Citrus oils are mixtures of very volatile components as

terpenes and oxygenated compounds (Sato et al.1996). Limonene, a
monoterpene, is the major component of lime and other related
citrus essential oils (Lanas and Cavicchioli 1990). Citrus
sinensis (orange) is a small flowering tree growing to about 10 m
tall with evergreen leaves, which are arranged alternately, of
ovate shape with crenulate margins and 410 cm long. The orange
fruit is a hesperidium, a type of berry. Like all citrus fruits,
the orange is acidic, with a pH level of around 2.53, depending
on the age, size and variety of the fruit. Parasitol Res Although
this is not, on average, as strong as the lemon,it is still quite
strong on the scaleas strong as vinegar.Orange oil is an
essential oil produced by glands inside the rind of an orange
fruit. It is extracted or steam distilled as a by-product of
orange juice production. It is composed of mostly (greater than
90 %) D-limonene (Bauer et al. 2001) and is therefore often used
in place of pure D-limonene, which can be further extracted from
the oil by distillation. Many researchers have reported on the
effectiveness of plant extract against mosquito larvae
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(Kalyanasundaram and Das 1985; Govindarajan et al. 2008; Kovendan

and Murugan 2011; Kovendan et al. 2011; 2012c, d, e,g).

According to Study mode (2014), Candles have been used for

thousands of years and up until the early 1900s they were the
single source for artificial light. Candles also have a rich
tradition in religious services in many faiths through-out
history. Today, the candle is no longer the single source of
light but is used abundantly in religious services as well as in
birthday celebrations, holidays, and home decorations. Our candle
made from orange peels is homemade candle and everyone can make
it easily. If you have an emergency, and need to light something
you cant see because of the darkness, but youre out of candle,
dont have a cow because our candle made from orange peels will
always be an alternative. You will not spend a large amount of
money to have a candle because you will only use common kitchen
materials to make our homemade orange peel candle.

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CHAPTER III
Methodology
RESEARCH DESIGN

In this chapter you will find out on how to make the orange
peeling candle and its materials complete with step by step
procedures on how to do it. Furthermore it presents the flow on
what the researchers did and how they did it complete with the
amount of time done.

METHOD USED

The researchers used experimental method because the study

needs to be observed and experimented to gather data that will be
used for their analysis.

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FLOW CHART

The researchers Gathered the materials needed to do the

experiment and divided the work between themselves

The researchers followed the step by step procedures using

the instructions given and used different amounts of oil to
determine what is better

The researchers placed the orange candle in different

locations around the house at night and see what happened to
them

The researchers recorded their observations and presented it

to each other.

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PROCEDURES

The researchers gathered the materials needed such as Orange

peelings, Oil (preferably cooking oil), Match or anything to
light the fuse, Knife or any sharp object that can cut the orange
in half to do the experiment and divided the work between them.

The researchers then followed the step by step procedures

using the instructions given and used different amounts of oil to
determine what is better.

The researchers placed the orange candle in different

locations such as Living room, Bedroom and Kitchen at night and
see what happened to them and gather data according to the amount
of time with different amount of cooking oil used.

And Lastly, The researchers recorded their observations and

presented it to each other.

FIRST EXPERIMENTATION

The researchers set up the orange peel candle in the Living

room with a small amount of cooking oil and it lasted only for 4
hours.

SECOND EXPERIMENTATION
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The researchers tried a different room which is the bedroom

and we put a moderate amount of cooking oil and it lasted for 6
hours.

THIRD EXPERIMENTATION

The researchers tried putting the orange peel candle in the

kitchen with a huge amount of cooking oil and it ended up after 8
hours.

The researchers choose to have the 3rd product because it

lasted for 8 hours and the study focuses on helping people to
solve their high paid bills, through this study of orange peel
candle that lasts 8 hours it can help a lot.

CHAPTER IV
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Presentation Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter discuss about the results and interpretations

of the survey questionnaire. The following were the presentation
and analysis of the results gathered from conducting survey in 45
different people.

I. Demographic Profile

Table 1. AGE of the respondents

AGE

PERCENTAGE

19-20

25

60%

18 and below

15

28%

21 and above

12%

N=

45

Figure 1.

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19-20

18 and below

21 and above

Majority of the age of the respondents ranges from 19-20 which

has a percentage of 60%.

Table 2: GENDER of Respondents

Gender

PERCENTAGE

Female

30

70%

Male

15

30%

N=

45

Figure 2.

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Female

Male

Majority of the gender of the respondents are female which has a

percentage of 70%.

CHAPTER V
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Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

With the data the researchers have gathered we found out

that using oil or other flammable materials besides olive oil has
different effects and none of them are as good as the effects as
the olive oil. Furthermore we have proven that the amount of oil
affects the time that keeps the orange candle light.

CONCLUSION

The researchers therefore conclude from our studies is that

orange peelings can be used as an alternative as a candle and is
affected by the amount of oil added onto it making it last longer
than your usual candle. Furthermore attempting to use an
alternative to olive oil is invalid as it does not last very long
nor does it burn the orange as well.

RECOMMENDATIONS

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The researchers recommend to anyone wanting to follow in our

research or are willing to try our research to be careful in
making the orange and lighting it for it takes a considerate
amount of time lighting it. Furthermore we recommend that they
make sure to pour the olive oil directly at the fuse to hasten
the time lighting it and decreases the amount of failure.

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APPENDIX

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